Resumo: O trigo mourisco é uma espécie com grande potencial econômico e de produção, a qual tem ganhado cada vez mais importância. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária de amostras provenientes de lotes de sementes, e avaliar a patogenicidade de Fusarium spp. em plantas de trigo mourisco. A qualidade física e fisiológica foi avaliada pelo peso de mil sementes, grau de umidade, teste de germinação (5° e 7° dias), comprimento de plântula e massa seca de plântula, enquanto que a qualidade sanitária foi determinada pelo teste de sanidade em papel filtro, com as sementes submetidas à assepsia e sem assepsia. Os isolados de Fusarium spp. foram obtidos de plântulas sintomáticas no teste de germinação em rolo de papel. Para a identificação e caracterização dos isolados fúngicos foram utilizadas abordagens morfológicas e moleculares. A patogenicidade foi realizada em plantas sadias em ambiente controlado. Os lotes apresentaram alta qualidade fisiológica na avaliação de germinação (5° e 7° dias). Houve alta incidência de Fusarium spp. em todos os lotes, a qual pode ser diminuída com a assepsia das sementes. Os isolados foram identificados como complexo de espécies de Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti, e foram patogênicos às plantas de trigo mourisco.

Abstract: Buckwheat is a species with great economic and production potential, which has gained increasing importance. This study aimed to determine the physical, physiological, and sanitary quality of samples from seed lots, and to evaluate the pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. in buckwheat plants. Physical and physiological quality was evaluated by the thousand-seed weight, moisture content, germination test (5th and 7th days), seedling length, and seedling dry mass, while sanitary quality was determined by the health test on filter paper, with the seeds subjected to asepsis and without asepsis. Isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from symptomatic seedlings in the paper roll germination test. To identify and characterize fungal isolates, morphological and molecular approaches were used. Pathogenicity was determined on healthy plants in a controlled environment. The lots showed high physiological quality in the germination evaluation (5th and 7th days). There was a high incidence of Fusarium spp. in all lots, which can be reduced with seed asepsis. The isolates were identified as Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex, and were pathogenic to buckwheat plants.

Abstract Gymnanthes klotzschiana is a tree native to the Atlantic Forest Biome. The objective of this study was to analyze the synchronization of five phenophases and their correlation with environmental factors during two years of survey in two distinct areas (Area 1: Mixed Alluvial Ombrophilous Forest; Area 2: Montane Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest). Ten individuals were randomly selected in each area, with the following variables being studied: leaf fall and budding, flowering, and immature and ripe fruit production. The activity index and the intensity index were determined for each phenological event. Timing and interactions with environmental factors were tested using Spearman’s correlation. The photoperiod correlated with all phenophases and precipitation did not correlate with any. There was synchronization in the foliar fall and foliage in the two areas. The species can be characterized as semi-deciduous. Flowering and fruiting were annual, with the highest intensity of fruit production occurring in Area 1.

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess hypoxia tolerance in Gymnanthes klotzschiana seeds harvested in two areas (Area 1 - subject to flooding; and Area 2 - not subject to flooding) by the imbibition curve, vigor and germination. Seeds of the two areas were submitted to: one (T-1d), three (T-3d), five (T-5d), ten (T-10d) and twenty days under hypoxia (T-20d); in addition to the control (T-0d). All treatments presented three germination stages. The highest germination was achieved in Area 1 T-1d (90%) and the lowest in Area 2 T-20d (31%). The Area 1 seeds required less time and water content to finish their germination, and they presented greater tolerance to hypoxia; a fact proven by the germination and vigor results. G. klotzschiana seeds harvested in an area subject to flooding are more tolerant to hypoxia and are recommended for restoration projects in this type of area.

Abstract Pecan cultivation in Brazil has gained increasingly economic importance in the southern part of the country. The objective of this work was to identify the pathogen that causes root rot in Carya illinoinensis seedlings in the nursery, through morphological, molecular and pathogenicity tests. Fungi from the genus Fusarium found in symptomatic roots of pecan seedlings were isolated in potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium and purified. Morphological characterization was performed in PDA and carnation leaf agar (CLA) media. For the molecular characterization, the genomic segments ITS (internal transcribed spaces), β-tub (beta-tubulin), and tef1-α (elongation fact 1-alpha) were sequenced. The pathogenicity test was performed on healthy seedlings in the greenhouse. The combination of morphological and molecular characters was fundamental for identification of the species, showing that the most suitable genes for identification were ITS and tef1-α. The causative agent of root rot in C. illinoinensis seedlings in the nursery was identified as Fusarium oxysporum.

RESUMO Acca sellowiana é uma espécie frutífera nativa da Região Sul do Brasil que está despertando grande interesse econômico devido ao alto potencial organoléptico de seus frutos. A principal forma de propagação da espécie é via sexuada. Objetivando determinar a qualidade sanitária das sementes, foram comparadas três formas de detecção de fungos, com ou sem a assepsia superficial, em sementes oriundas de quatro municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e de três municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina. Foram testados os meios de cultura Batata-Dextrose-Ágar (BDA), V8 (suco de tomate) e o método Blotter Test. Foram identificados os seguintes fungos: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., Trichoderma sp., Epicoccum sp. e Phomopsis sp. Os meios agarizados são mais sensíveis na detecção de fungos em sementes de goiaba serrana. A assepsia das sementes reduz a incidência de fungos infestantes.

ABSTRACT Acca sllowiana (Berg) Burret is a native fruit species in southern Brazil, which is attracting great interest due to the high economic potential of its fruit organoleptic potential; the main form of propagation of the species is sexual way. Aiming to determine the sanitary quality of seeds, three forms of detection of fungi were compared with and without surface sterilization. The seeds were derived from four counties in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and three counties in the state of Santa Catarina. The culture media of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), V8 (tomato juice) and the method of “Blotter Test” were tested. The following fungi were identified: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp. Trichoderma sp. Epicoccum spp. and Phomopsis sp. The agarized media are more sensitive in the detection of fungi in Acca sellowiana seeds. The sterilization of seeds reduces the incidence of weed fungi.