Sustainable Development: A Measure for a Tourist Circuit of the Trilha Dos Inconfidentes - Minas Gerais, Brazil. This research analyses the development process of the municipalities belonging to the tourist circuit of the Trilha dos Inconfidentes. For this, a tourism development index (IDT), composed of five dimensions (income, education, childhood, housing and longevity) and was calculated for the years 1991, 2000 and 2010. The results showed different development trends for the region, with especially higher levels for childhood and housing dimensions, but with problematic low levels for income and education dimensions. The region offered precarious services for a tourist circuit which is part of its attractiveness. This precariousness can be associated with lower schooling level reflecting the low wages observed. Thus, the two dimensions are interrelated and should be the focus of a public policy for development of the region, especially in the case of tourism, which requires quality services. Moreover, the lack of policy learning and coordination structure weakens local actor initiatives towards a sustainable path of development of tourism, leading to high levels of social and environmental degradation. Therefore, in a track of such diversity and potential, a concrete, participatory, integrated and coordinated implementation of sustainable development policy is needed.

Este estudio analiza el proceso de desarrollo de los municipios del circuito turístico de la Trilha dos Inconfidentes. Se trabajó con un índice de desarrollo turístico (IDT) compuesto por las dimensiones ingreso, educación, infancia, habitación y longevidad, para 1991, 2000 y 2010. Los resultados mostraron diferentes tendencias de desarrollo para la región, destacándose altos niveles para las dimensiones infancia y habitación, y problemáticos niveles para ingreso y educación. La región ofreció precarios servicios para un circuito turístico, cuando éstos deberían ser parte de su atractivo. Esta precariedad puede asociarse a los bajos niveles escolares, reflejando el bajo salario observado. Así, las dos dimensiones están relacionadas y deberían ser tenidas en cuenta en políticas públicas de desarrollo para la región, especialmente en el caso del turismo que requiere servicios de calidad. Además, la falta de una estructura de “policy learning” y coordinación debilita las iniciativas de los actores locales hacia un desarrollo sustentable del turismo, aumentando la degradación ambiental y social. Por lo tanto, en un circuito de tamaña diversidad y potencial es necesario implementar una política de desarrollo sustentable concreta, participativa, integrada y coordinada.

In Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) was isolated for the first time in March 2011. We analysed the laboratory findings of the first cases and evaluated the use of molecular techniques for the detection of DENV-4 in Aedes aegypti that were field-caught. Conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and SimplexaTM Dengue real-time RT-PCR confirmed DENV-4 infection in all cases. Additionally, DENV-4 was confirmed in a female Ae. aegypti with 1.08 x 10³ copies/mL of virus, as determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. This is the first time the SimplexaTM Dengue real-time assay has been used for the classification of cases of infection and for entomological investigations. The use of these molecular techniques was shown to be important for the surveillance of dengue in humans and vectors.

The objective of this descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study was to evaluate the cognition of elderly individuals. The sample consisted of 350 people aged > 60 years. Instruments: sociodemographic and health questionnaire and MEEM. The sample contained 60.0% women, mean age of 70.3 years, 54.0% had an incomplete primary education, 61.1% were married and the mean income was 1.54 minimum salaries (MS). Of the participants, 38.6% perceived their current health state as regular; 49.4% considered it to be the same as the last year; 37.4% believed that they were better than people of the same age. MEEM: among the 76 individuals without education, it was found that 5.3% presented cognitive decline, in the 265 participants with low and medium education 4.9%, among those with superior education (9) no cognitive decline was identified. The lowest means found referred to the memory and attention domains. It was also found that 4.9% (17) of the elderly may be developing cognitive impairment.

Evaluar el conocimiento de personas ancianas. Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal. Muestra de 350 personas, con edad > 60 años. Instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico y de salud y MEEM. La muestra se constituía de 60,0% de mujeres, edad promedio 70,3 años, 54,0% con educación básica incompleta, 61,1% casados y renta media de 1,54 SM. El 38,6% percibió el actual estado de salud como regular, 49,4% lo consideraban igual al del año anterior, 37,4 creían estar mejor que personas de su misma edad. MEEM: entre los 76 no escolarizados se encontró un 5,3% con declinación cognitiva, entre los 265 con baja y media escolarización, 4,9%; entre los de nivel superior (9) no se encontró. Los menores promedios encontrados respondieron a los dominios memoria y atención. El 4,9% (17) de los ancianos podría estar desarrollando déficit cognitivo.

Avaliar a cognição de pessoas idosas. Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, transversal. Amostra de 350 pessoas, com idade > 60 anos. Instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde e MEEM. A amostra tinha 60,0% de mulheres, idade média 70,3 anos, 54,0% cursaram ensino fundamental incompleto, 61,1% casados e renda média de 1,54 SM. Foram 38,6% os que percebiam o estado atual de saúde como regular; 49,4% o consideravam igual ao do último ano, 37,4% acreditavam estar melhor do que pessoas da mesma idade. MEEM: nos 76 sem escolaridade encontrou-se 5,3% com declínio cognitivo, nos 265 com baixa e média escolaridade 4,9%, nos de nível superior (9) não se encontrou. As menores médias encontradas foram nos domínios memória e atenção. 4,9% (17) dos idosos podem estar desenvolvendo déficit cognitivo.

Avaliar a cognição de pessoas idosas. Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, transversal. Amostra de 350 pessoas, com idade > 60 anos. Instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde e MEEM. A amostra tinha 60,0% de mulheres, idade média 70,3 anos, 54,0% cursaram ensino fundamental incompleto, 61,1% casados e renda média de 1,54 SM. Foram 38,6% os que percebiam o estado atual de saúde como regular; 49,4% o consideravam igual ao do último ano, 37,4% acreditavam estar melhor do que pessoas da mesma idade. MEEM: nos 76 sem escolaridade encontrou-se 5,3% com declínio cognitivo, nos 265 com baixa e média escolaridade 4,9%, nos de nível superior (9) não se encontrou. As menores médias encontradas foram nos domínios memória e atenção. 4,9% (17) dos idosos podem estar desenvolvendo déficit cognitivo.

The objective of this descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study was to evaluate the cognition of elderly individuals. The sample consisted of 350 people aged > 60 years. Instruments: sociodemographic and health questionnaire and MEEM. The sample contained 60.0% women, mean age of 70.3 years, 54.0% had an incomplete primary education, 61.1% were married and the mean income was 1.54 minimum salaries (MS). Of the participants, 38.6% perceived their current health state as regular; 49.4% considered it to be the same as the last year; 37.4% believed that they were better than people of the same age. MEEM: among the 76 individuals without education, it was found that 5.3% presented cognitive decline, in the 265 participants with low and medium education 4.9%, among those with superior education (9) no cognitive decline was identified. The lowest means found referred to the memory and attention domains. It was also found that 4.9% (17) of the elderly may be developing cognitive impairment.

Evaluar el conocimiento de personas ancianas. Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal. Muestra de 350 personas, con edad > 60 años. Instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico y de salud y MEEM. La muestra se constituía de 60,0% de mujeres, edad promedio 70,3 años, 54,0% con educación básica incompleta, 61,1% casados y renta media de 1,54 SM. El 38,6% percibió el actual estado de salud como regular, 49,4% lo consideraban igual al del año anterior, 37,4 creían estar mejor que personas de su misma edad. MEEM: entre los 76 no escolarizados se encontró un 5,3% con declinación cognitiva, entre los 265 con baja y media escolarización, 4,9%; entre los de nivel superior (9) no se encontró. Los menores promedios encontrados respondieron a los dominios memoria y atención. El 4,9% (17) de los ancianos podría estar desarrollando déficit cognitivo.

Este artigo faz uma análise das perspectivas para o setor de saneamento com base em seu modelo de gestão e sua interface com o setor de recursos hídricos. Nessa análise são considerados dois cenários alternativos. No primeiro, não ocorre mudança institucional e legal significativa no atual modelo de gestão de saneamento. No segundo, supõe-se a aprovação do Projeto de Lei n.º 4.147/2001, que institui diretrizes nacionais para o saneamento e prevê a colaboração da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) para o setor. Em ambos os casos, verifica-se que existem limitações em termos de um novo modelo de gestão.

This paper analyses the prospects for sanitation based upon its management model as well as in its interface with the area of hydric resources. Two alternative scenarios are considered in this analysis. In the first scenario there are neither institutional nor legal changes in the current model of sanitation management. The second scenario assumes the approval of the Law Project number 4.147/2001, which stablishes national guidelines for sanitation and sets the collaboration of ANA - Agência Nacional de Águas - in this area. The paper shows that there are limits for a new management model in both cases.