RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da densidade de alojamento sobre a incidência de pododermatite e características ósseas durante todo período de criação de frangos de corte. O experimento foi realizado em três aviários comerciais. Os pintos foram alojados no mesmo dia e distribuídos de acordo com três densidades: aviário A - 14.33 aves/m2, aviário B - 15.00 aves/m2 e aviário C - 15.66 aves/m2. Semanalmente 15 aves/aviário foram sacrificadas e as pernas e o pé direito de cada ave foram coletados. Foi avaliado o score macroscópico da área do coxim plantar de cada ave, caracterizando-os em: ausência de lesão (score A), lesão leve apenas no coxim plantar (score B), lesões graves e múltiplas (C). Em seguida, foi extraído o coxim plantar do pé e fixado em formol tamponado. As amostras foram submetidas aos procedimentos histológicos (medida da derme e epiderme). Os ossos das pernas foram submetidos ao ensaio de flexão à taxa de deformação. A imagem transversal da porção medial da diáfise óssea foi capturada e medidas a área, espessura e diâmetro do osso cortical. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SAS. O aumento na densidade de alojamento resultou em maior incidência de lesões graves no coxim plantar, menor resistência óssea à quebra e área do corte longitudinal da tíbia aos 42 dias e diminuição da espessura do osso cortical aos 21 dias de idade das aves. O aumento da densidade de alojamento afeta negativamente as características ósseas e leva a maior incidência de condenações por pododermatite ao abate.

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of housing density on the incidence of foot pad dermatitis and bone characteristics throughout rearing of broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out in three commercial poultry farms. The chicks were housed on the same day and distributed according to three densities: barn A - 14.33 birds / m2, barn B - 15:00 birds / m2 and barn C - 15.66 birds / m2 15 birds / barn were weekly culled; legs and the right foot of each bird were collected. It was evaluated the macroscopic score of cushion plant area of each bird, classifying them into: no lesion (score A), bruises in the footpad (score B), serious and multiple injury (C). Then, it was extracted the footpad of the foot and fixed in formalin. The samples underwent histological procedures. The leg bones were tested for flexural deformation rate. The cross-sectional image of the medial portion of the bone was captured; then, the area, thickness and diameter were measured at the cortical bone. Data were analyzed through SAS software. The increased density resulted in higher incidence of severe lesions in the footpad, lower bone breaking strength and area of the cross section of the tibia after 42 days. It decreases the thickness of the cortical bone at 21 days of age of the birds. Increased housing density negatively affects bone characteristics and leads to higher incidence of food pad dermatitis at slaughter.

Este artigo analisa as leituras de Homero e de Aristóteles feitas por Hannah Arendt. Partindo das reinterpretações do conceito de coragem, phrônesis e política feitas pela filósofa, apontamos naquelas leituras indícios das definições arendtianas do ethos do homem político e do surgimento do espaço público. O artigo também discute dois paradoxos no pensamento de Arendt: o paralelo entre a coragem guerreira do herói homérico e a virtude sagaz da phrônesis aristotélica, por um lado, e, por outro, a ação política enquanto reveladora do agente no espaço público e atividade coletiva voltada para a criação e manutenção de instituições. Sustentamos, como conclusão, que a releitura de Homero e Aristóteles, por mais paradoxal que seja, constitui a fonte teórica para a separação radical entre violência e política, realizada por Arendt.

This article analyses the readings of Homer and Aristotle by Hannah Arendt. Starting from her reinterpretation of the concepts of courage, phronesis and politics, we point out in those readings elements of her definition of the ethos of the political man as well as the rise of the public space. The article further discusses two paradoxes in Arendt's thought: on the one hand, the parallel between the warrior courage of the Homeric hero and the virtue of the Aristotelic phronesis and, on the other hand, political action as a tool to reveal the agent in the public space and as a collective activity aiming at the creation of institutions. As a conclusion, the article points out that Arendt's readings of Homer and Aristotle, paradoxical as they can be, form the theoretical basis for the radical separation between politics and violence that she sustains.

AIM: To evaluate health parameters (blood pressure, heart rate and blood glucose), the use of medicines and alcohol consumption in elderly residents in the city of São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. METHODS: A sample of 500 elderly individuals (98 men and 402 women, with mean age of 69.5 years) was examined. Personal data and medicines used by the patients were recorded, general health aspects were assessed and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was applied to survey alcohol consumption. RESULTS: Two hundred and four patients (40.8%) presented high blood pressure and 93 patients (18.6%) had hyperglycemia. The most used pharmacological groups were antihypertensive drugs, antilipidemics, drugs to control hypothyroidism and hypoglycemic agents. Possible pharmacological interactions with alcohol were present in 60.9% of the used medicines. The AUDIT results showed that 91% of the sample presented a low-level intake of alcohol and only 1% presented characteristics of alcohol addiction. Associations were found among AUDIT scores with age (p=0.037), since a larger number of alcohol addicts were found among younger patients, and use of drugs (p=0.046), since patients who consumed more daily medicines made less use of alcohol (low-level). CONCLUSIONS: The studied sample presented a high prevalence of hypertension and relatively low incidence of diabetes. A low use of drugs was verified and women made more use of daily medications than men. Low alcohol consumption was also observed, and women consumed less alcohol than men.