Abstract It is described for the first time the synthesis and characterization of NiMn2O4 employing the Mn ores from the Amazon Region as starting material, instead of using commercial reagents as normally occurs in its synthesis process. Initially, an Mn ore was transformed into a single product, the octahedral layer (OL) manganese oxide with Ni2+ ions interlayer (Ni-OL-2), which was used as a matrix to obtain NiMn2O4 by thermal decomposition. The following techniques were used for characterization: X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies. The results revealed that Mn oxide ore composed of nsutite mineral transformed into a well-ordered crystalline Ni-OL-2 phase, after the hydrothermal and cation exchange process. The thermal decomposition of Ni-OL-2 produced the nickel manganite phase at 850 °C with spherical ball morphology and crystal sizes in the range of 200-300 nm.

ABSTRACT Objective: Perfectionist beliefs about emotions impact the experience and expression of emotions, being linked to increased levels of depression and anxiety. Given the influence of culture in the representation and expression of emotion, it is possible that beliefs vary across countries, but few empirical studies have been conducted on the theme. This study aims to compare Brazilian and British samples regarding their beliefs about emotional experience and expression. Methods: The current study compared a total of 960 Brazilian and British participants, with the samples having a similar profile in terms of age, gender and ethnicity. Participants answered online the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Beliefs about Emotions Scale (BES). This study aims to compare Brazilian and British samples with regard to beliefs about emotional experience and expression. Results: Significant differences between samples were found for beliefs about emotions. As hypothesized, Brazilians scored lower on unhelpful beliefs about emotions, except for beliefs about experiencing negative feelings and emotional control. Differences in total BES scores remained even after the inclusion of depression and anxiety as covariates. Conclusions: Results suggest higher endorsement of perfectionist beliefs in a European versus a Latin American context, but highlight that this pattern depends on the specific beliefs being studied. These differences should be considered when working with people from different cultural backgrounds and developing cultural adaptations for clinical interventions and psychopathology models.

RESUMO Objetivo: Crenças perfeccionistas sobre emoções afetam a experiência e expressão de emoções, estando relacionadas a níveis aumentados de depressão e ansiedade. Dada a influência da cultura na representação e expressão de emoções, é possível que as crenças variem entre os países, mas poucos estudos empíricos foram realizados sobre o tema. Este estudo tem o objetivo de comparar amostras brasileiras e britânicas em relação às suas crenças sobre a experiência emocional e expressão. Métodos: O presente estudo comparou um total de 960 participantes brasileiros e britânicos, com as amostras tendo um perfil semelhante em termos de idade, gênero e etnia. Os participantes responderam on-line à Escala de Ansiedade Generalizada (GAD-7), ao Questionário de Saúde do Paciente (PHQ-9) e à Escala de Crenças sobre Emoções (BES). Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as amostras em relação às crenças sobre emoções. Como hipotetizado, os brasileiros obtiveram pontuações mais baixas em crenças prejudiciais sobre emoções, exceto nas crenças sobre experienciar sentimentos negativos e controle emocional. As diferenças nos escores totais da BES permaneceram mesmo após a inclusão de depressão e ansiedade como covariáveis. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem maior endosso de crenças perfeccionistas em um contexto europeu, em comparação com um contexto latino-americano, mas destacam que esse padrão depende das crenças específicas estudadas. Essas diferenças devem ser consideradas ao trabalhar com pessoas de diferentes origens culturais e no desenvolvimento de adaptações culturais para intervenções clínicas e modelos de psicopatologia.

Resumo A artrite reumatóide (AR) está entre as doenças autoimunes e inflamatórias crônicas mais prevalentes no mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer uma estimativa conjunta da prevalência da AR na América do Sul por meio de uma meta-análise dos estudos epidemiológicos disponíveis. Buscas sistemáticas nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science (atualizado em maio de 2019) foram seguidas por uma busca sistemática na literatura cinzenta para identificar artigos e relatórios de pesquisa originais, publicados após 2000, fornecendo dados de prevalência de AR em qualquer país da América do Sul. Foi realizada uma meta-análise da proporção de dados agrupados ponderados, com heterogeneidade entre experimentos avaliada pelo índice relativo de inconsistência. Análises de sensibilidade e de subgrupos também foram realizadas. Foram incluídos um total de 25 artigos, representando 27 estudos de base populacional. A prevalência agrupada de AR resultou em 0,48% com 591.981 casos em uma população de 114.537.812 indivíduos (I2=99%). Brasil e Colômbia apresentaram as menores taxas de prevalência de AR 0,22% e 0,24%, respectivamente. A prevalência da AR na população indígena foi maior 1,45%, e estudos pelo método COPCORD relataram também as maiores taxas 1,07%.

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is among the most prevalent chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases worldwide. The aim of this study was to establish a pooled estimate of the RA prevalence in South America by means of a meta-analysis of the available epidemiologic studies. Systematic searches in PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases (updated May 2019) were done followed by a systematic grey literature search to identify original research articles and reports, published after 2000, providing data of RA prevalence in any South American country. Proportion meta-analysis of weighted pooled was performed, with between-trial heterogeneity assessed by the inconsistency relative index. Sensitivity analyses and sub-group analyses were also done. A total of 25 articles, representing 27 population-based studies were included. Pooled prevalence of RA resulted in 0.48% with 591,981 cases in a population of 114,537,812 individuals (I2=99%). Brazil and Colombia presented the lowest rates of RA prevalence 0.22%, and 0.24%, respectively. RA prevalence in indigenous population was higher 1.45%, and studies using COPCORD method reported also the highest rates 1.07%.

Resumo A artrite reumatóide (AR) está entre as doenças autoimunes e inflamatórias crônicas mais prevalentes no mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer uma estimativa conjunta da prevalência da AR na América do Sul por meio de uma meta-análise dos estudos epidemiológicos disponíveis. Buscas sistemáticas nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science (atualizado em maio de 2019) foram seguidas por uma busca sistemática na literatura cinzenta para identificar artigos e relatórios de pesquisa originais, publicados após 2000, fornecendo dados de prevalência de AR em qualquer país da América do Sul. Foi realizada uma meta-análise da proporção de dados agrupados ponderados, com heterogeneidade entre experimentos avaliada pelo índice relativo de inconsistência. Análises de sensibilidade e de subgrupos também foram realizadas. Foram incluídos um total de 25 artigos, representando 27 estudos de base populacional. A prevalência agrupada de AR resultou em 0,48% com 591.981 casos em uma população de 114.537.812 indivíduos (I2=99%). Brasil e Colômbia apresentaram as menores taxas de prevalência de AR 0,22% e 0,24%, respectivamente. A prevalência da AR na população indígena foi maior 1,45%, e estudos pelo método COPCORD relataram também as maiores taxas 1,07%.

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is among the most prevalent chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases worldwide. The aim of this study was to establish a pooled estimate of the RA prevalence in South America by means of a meta-analysis of the available epidemiologic studies. Systematic searches in PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases (updated May 2019) were done followed by a systematic grey literature search to identify original research articles and reports, published after 2000, providing data of RA prevalence in any South American country. Proportion meta-analysis of weighted pooled was performed, with between-trial heterogeneity assessed by the inconsistency relative index. Sensitivity analyses and sub-group analyses were also done. A total of 25 articles, representing 27 population-based studies were included. Pooled prevalence of RA resulted in 0.48% with 591,981 cases in a population of 114,537,812 individuals (I2=99%). Brazil and Colombia presented the lowest rates of RA prevalence 0.22%, and 0.24%, respectively. RA prevalence in indigenous population was higher 1.45%, and studies using COPCORD method reported also the highest rates 1.07%.

Abstract The Japanese invasive jumping snail Ovachlamys fulgens is a pest of ornamental plants and an intermediate host of a nematode that causes eosinophilic meningitis. We expand its distribution to eight municipalities from Rio de Janeiro State, and one locality from the Paraná State, and generated for the first time partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for Brazilian populations. External morphology, reproductive system, shell, radula, and jaw were also analyzed and described. Twenty-one lots were collected from Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, Magé, Miguel Pereira, Petrópolis, Teresópolis, Nova Friburgo, Bom Jardim and Paraty, in Rio de Janeiro State, and from Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná State. External morphology, shell and reproductive system were typical of O. fulgens, with some peculiarities found in the shell and radula. A single haplotype was found, which was 100% similar to sequences of COI available in GenBank for specimens from Japan and Argentina. The species seems to be adapted to many habitats and be rapidly expanding its distribution in Southeastern and Southern Brazil, and other South America countries. We highlight the importance of monitoring O. fulgens, considering its potential to compete with native mollusks, attack several plants, and be a transmitter of diseases.

ABSTRACT: The high production levels of the Chilean salmon farming industry have resulted in the emergence of several diseases that affect all stages of development of cultured species. The parasitic copepod Caligus rogercresseyi is considered a potential vector of pathologies, and different chemical compounds such as pyrethroids and organophosphates have been used to prevent and control sea lice outbreaks. In this study, the effect of azametiphos, deltamethrin, and emamectin benzoate on the larval stages of the mussel Choromytilus chorus and the sea-urchins Sphaerechinus granularis and Paracentrotus lividus was explored. No effects were found in the final larval development of C. chorus (D larvae). However, the trochophore development seemed accelerated in the presence of pesticides compared to the control larvae. In the case of P. lividus and S. granularis, exposure to all pesticides caused an increase in the rate of abnormal larval development compared to the control.

ABSTRACT: Fungal (or yeast) infections; mycoses, occurring in the oral mucous membranes, of Candida species (mostly C. albicans, a normal component of the oral microbiota), also known as oral thrush or oral candidiasis (OC), can be diagnosed via the recognition of clinical changes and the presence of pseudohyphae, hyphae or yeasts in samples obtained by exfoliative cytology and/or biopsy. Topical pharmacological preparations and drugs such as Nystatin and Miconazole are used in the treatment of CO. However, there are forms of Candida with resistance to such conventional treatment approaches. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the in vitro susceptibility of Candida spp.; an ethanolic extract of propolis from Olmué. Hence, an experimental in vitro descriptive study was carried out in which the effect of an ethanolic extract of propolis used as antifungal on strains of Candida spp. obtained from the oral cavity (palatine mucosa) of 31 individuals, diagnosed with OC (subdenture stomatitis) is determined. Natural propolis was obtained from the Olmué area, in the 5th region of Chile. It was found that 100 % of the samples with propolis concentration ranging from 0.1 mg / mL to 1.6 mg / mL presented a degree of inhibition in the growth of OC. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract of propolis that generated inhibition in the largestnumber of samples was 0.4 mg / mL (41.94 % of the samples) followed by the concentration of 0.2 mg / mL (35 % of the samples). Therefore, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of Chilean propolis obtained from the Olmué area has the ability to inhibit the growth of Candida spp. in vitro in a dosage-dependent manner.

RESUMEN: La infección por Candida albicans en la mucosa oral es conocida como Candidiasis oral (CO) y se diagnostica por el reconocimiento de cambios clínicos y la presencia de pseudohifas, hifas o levaduras en muestras obtenidas por citología exfoliativa o biopsia. Los agentes farmacológicos tópicos clásicos para el tratamiento de CO son Nistatina y Miconazol. Sin embargo, a pesar de las distintas terapias contra CO, existen formas de Candida resistentes al tratamiento convencional. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la susceptibilidad in vitro de Candida spp. a un extracto etanólico de propóleo de Olmué. Se realizó un estudio experimental descriptivo in vitro en donde se evaluó el efecto que presenta el uso de extracto etanólico de propóleo como antifúngico sobre cepas de Candida spp. obtenidas de la cavidad oral (mucosa palatina) de 31 individuos, con candidiasis oral diagnosticados con estomatitis subprotésica. El propóleo chileno utilizado fue obtenido de la zona geográfica de Olmué, quinta región. Se encontró que el 100 % de las muestras en rangos de concentración de propóleo de 0,1 µg/mL y 1,6 µg/mL presentaron un grado de inhibición en el crecimiento de Candida Oral y por otra parte el extracto etanólico de propóleo que generó inhibición en la mayor cantidad de muestras fue al 0,4 µg/mL (41,94 % de las muestras) y en segundo lugar la concentración al 0,2 µg/mL (35 % de las muestras). Se concluyó que el extracto etanólico de propóleo chileno obtenido de la zona de Olmué presenta la capacidad de inhibir el crecimiento de Candida spp. en agar Sabouraud in vitro de forma dosis dependiente.

Resumo Objetivo Verificar se a conexão de eletrodos e os fios de monitoração cardíaca e transcutânea de oxigênio interferem na aferição da bioimpedância elétrica em recém-nascidos pré-termo (RNPT). Metodologia Estudo prospectivo, cego, randomizado, transversal, crossover, em que foram mensuradas e comparadas medidas pareadas de resistência (R) e reatância (Xc) por meio da BIA, obtidas com e sem os fios de monitoração acoplados aos RNPT. As medidas foram feitas em sequência imediata, após aleatorização para a presença ou ausência dos eletrodos. O tamanho amostral calculado foi de 114 aferições ou exames com fios de monitoração e 114 sem fios de monitoração, foi calculado para uma diferença entre as médias de 0,1 ohms, com erro alfa de 10% e erro beta de 20%, com significância < 0,05. Resultados Não foram observadas diferenças entre os valores de resistência (677,37 ± 196,07 vs. 677,46 ± 194,86) e reatância (31,15 ± 9,36 vs. 31,01 ± 9,56) obtidos com e sem fios de monitoração respectivamente, com boa correlação entre ambos (resistência: 0,997 e reatância: 0,968). Conclusão A presença de fios de monitoração cardíaca e/ou transcutânea de oxigênio não interferiu nos valores da resistência ou da reatância aferidos pela BIA em RNPT. Recomenda-se, então, a feitura desse exame, sem riscos, para essa população.

Abstract Objective: To verify if the connection of electrodes for heart and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring interfere with the measurement of electrical bioimpedance in preterm newborns. Methods: This was a prospective, blinded, controlled, cross-sectional, crossover study that assessed and compared paired measures of resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) by BIA, obtained with and without monitoring wires attached to the preterm newborn. The measurements were performed in immediate sequence, after randomization to the presence or absence of electrodes. The sample size calculated was 114 measurements or tests with monitoring wires and 114 without monitoring wires, considering for a difference between the averages of 0.1 ohms, with an alpha error of 10% and beta error of 20%, with significance <0.05. Results: No differences were observed between the R (677.37 ± 196.07 vs. 677.46 ± 194.86) and Xc (31.15 ± 9.36 vs. 31.01 ± 9.56) values obtained with and without monitoring wires, respectively, with good correlation between them (R: 0.997 and Xc: 0.968). Conclusion: The presence of heart and/or transcutaneous oxygen monitoring wires connected to the preterm newborn did not affect the values of R or Xc measured by BIA, allowing them to be carried out in this population without risks.

RESUMO Objetivou-se determinar os índices vasculares do fluxo sanguíneo das glândulas adrenais de cães saudáveis (velocidade sistólica - VS; velocidade diastólica - VD; o índice de resistência - IR). Foram utilizados neste estudo 18 cães (36 adrenais). Foram realizados exame físico, perfil bioquímico e teste de supressão com dexametasona para determinar o estado geral de saúde (higidez). Ecotextura, ecogenicidade, tamanho, contornos e margens e o formato das glândulas adrenais (direito e esquerdo) foram avaliados por meio da ultrassonografia convencional. Ao Doppler espectral da artéria frênico-abdominal, foram adquiridos a VS, a VD e o IR. Os animais não apresentaram alterações aos exames clínico, laboratorial e de supressão do cortisol. Ao exame ultrassonográfico, foram verificados ecotextura homogênea, ecogenicidade, formato e tamanhos normais, além de os contornos e as margens serem regulares. Ao Doppler espectral da artéria frênico-abdominal, verificaram-se ondas com padrão monofásico, com resistência vascular baixa e pico sistólico evidente, sendo os valores médios: adrenal esquerda - VS = 31,34cm/s, VD = 9,54cm/s e IR = 0,69; e adrenal direita - VS = 27,83cm/s, VD = 7,71cm/s e IR = 0,68. A avaliação Doppler das adrenais foi facilmente implementada e pode fornecer dados de referência, permitindo a utilização dessa técnica como uma ferramenta de diagnóstico para doenças das adrenais em cães.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the vascular indices of adrenal blood flow in healthy dogs (systolic velocity - SV; diastolic velocity - DV; resistance index - RI). Eighteen dogs (thirty six adrenal) were studied. Physical examination, biochemical profile and dexamethasone suppression test were performed to determine general health status. Echotexture, size, contours and margins, and overall shape of the adrenal gland (right and left) were assessed via ultrasound. By spectral Doppler of the phrenic-abdominal artery, the SV, DV, and RI were acquired. Animals did not show alterations in clinical and laboratory examination and suppression of cortisol. Normal homogeneous and echotexture, regular contours and margins and normal shape and size were verified via B mode. Spectral Doppler of the phrenic-abdominal artery showed monophasic-patterned waves and low vascular resistance and systolic peak evident with means values: left adrenal - SV = 31.34cm/s, DV = 9.54cm/s and RI = 0.69; and right adrenal - SV = 27.83cm/s, DV = 7.71cm/s and RI = 0.68. Doppler evaluation of adrenal was easily implemented and may provide base line data in the study, allowing for the use of this technique as a diagnostic tool for diseases of the dog's adrenal.

Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Fabaceae, is a native species of Brazil popularly known as "barbatimão", frequently found along the north coast of the state of Bahia. Local communities make an infusion from its stem bark, which is used to treat several diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of A. cochliacarpos extracts in mice Mus musculus. The bark infusion and hydroalcoholic extract were administered nasogastrically into two groups of eight animals (four male and four female each). After 45 days all mice were killed and the livers were collected for further histological analysis. Hepatic steatosis, congestion of the hepatic vessels and medicinal plantspresence of macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrates in the liver, were observed in both steatosis group of animals, additionally animals that received the stem bark infusion presented an accumulation of pigments. None of the animals belonging to the negative control group showed any of the symptoms described above. In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic extract and infusion of A. cochliacarpos stem bark were proven to cause intoxication in mice. The hepatotoxicity of the infusion was more aggressive in females. Further studies are necessary to isolate compounds responsible for the toxic characteristics of A. cochliacarpos.

In this study the viability of utilising ashes with high chromium oxide content, obtained by thermal treatment of footwear leather waste, in the production of low-carbon ferrochromium alloy (Fe-Cr-LC) by aluminothermic reduction was investigated. The following key-factors were selected for process modelling: the quantity of aluminium (Al) employed in the reaction, the iron amount added, the iron compound (Fe and/or Fe2O3) used, and the chromic acid addition. The process was investigated using a 2(4) full factorial design where the percentage of Cr2O3 reduced was used as the response. Variance analysis was employed to determine the significant effects and to validate the obtained model. The model was useful for finding the optimal operating conditions, including the maximisation of chromium conversion and the gross margin. Both resulted in similar process conditions, with 76.8±12.3% of chromium being reduced to the metallic phase, and 1.65±0.52 USD (kg ash)-1 as the gross margin. The qualities of some alloys obtained were investigated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (SEM/EDS). The results showed that the main problem for these alloys in a standard specification was the P and S content, suggesting that a pre-treatment is required.

Reintroduction has been recognized as a powerful conservation tool, but in order to ensure its success, animal monitoring is highly recommended. One way to monitor released animals is to put radiotelemetry collars on them. These devices, however, can harm the subjects, causing serious wounds. Our objectives in this work were to describe the injuries caused by a radiotelemetry collar model on reintroduced agoutis and to propose modifications to it. We equipped agoutis with TXE-311C radio collars (Telenax Wildlife Telemetry) before releasing them in the wild. They acquired serious wounds and one animal died. We then modified the collar structure to reduce its width and retention of water. After these modifications, the injuries did not occur again. As reintroduction is an expensive conservation strategy, any improvement that maximize its probability of success is important. We believe that the improvements we propose here have the potential to enhance the success of reintroductions and to increase animal welfare. This recommendation is more important when captive animals are re-introduced, because they tend to have lower immunity, particularly when they are released in rainy habitats.

A flora tem sido uma fonte valiosa de constituintes bioativos para manutenção da saúde humana. Tal fato tem reforçado a crescente investigação do potencial terapêutico das plantas medicinais. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial antibacteriano dos extratos hidro-alcoólicos da casca, folha, e raiz de Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechm. ex Moldenke, Verbenaceae. As partes vegetais foram coletadas no povoado pesqueiro de Siribinha, Bahia e os extratos vegetais foram preparados pelo método de maceração. Todos os testes de sensibilidade dos extratos vegetais foram avaliados por meio de testes não-paramétricos. O extrato da raiz de A. schaueriana apresentou uma atividade inibitória do crescimento superior aos extratos da folha e casca, com halos de inibição que variaram entre 7 a 18 mm de acordo com as concentrações e as cepas bacterianas testadas. Já a concentração inibitória mínima dos extratos hidro-alcoólicos de A. schaueriana apresentaram uma média de valores entre 0,62 a 10,00 mg/mL para as bactérias analisadas. Os resultados estatísticos confirmaram a diferença de sensibilidade dos microrganismos estudados frente aos extratos de A. schaueriana.

Natural products have been a valuable bioactives constituent source for maintenance of the health human being. Such fact has strengthened the increasing inquiry of the therapeutical potential of medicinal plants. This work had as objective evaluate the antibacterial potential from leaf, root and bark hydro-alcoholics extracts of Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechm. ex Moldenke, Verbenaceae. The plant parts had been collected in the fishing town of Siribinha, Bahia and the plant extracts had been prepared by the method of maceration. All the tests of sensitivity of plant extracts had been evaluated by means of notparametric tests. The results of the test of diffusion in disk showed that the extract of the root of the A. schaueriana had been higher to extracts of the leaf and bark, with inhibition rings from growth varying of 7 to 18 mm; in accordance with the tested concentrations. Already the minimum inhibitory concentration of hydro-alcoholic extracts of A. schaueriana had presented an average of values between 0,62 to 10,00 mg/mL for the analyzed bacteria. The statistical results had confirmed the difference of sensitivity of the studied microorganisms front to extracts of the A. schaueriana.

Objectives: To detect and enumerate circulating prostatic tumor cells (CTC) in the peripheral blood of patients with prostate cancer (PC) and study the relationship between CTCs and clinical-pathological parameters. Methods: Prospective three-arm study: 26 patients (p) with localised PC (LPC); 24 P with metastatic PC (MPC) and 30 healthy volunteer controls. A single 7.5 ml sample of peripheral blood was retrieved; CTCs were isolated using an immunomagnetic method based on the CellSearch system (Veridex). CTCs were identified as nucleated cells negative for CD45 (leukocytes) and positive for cytokeratins. (8, 18 y 19) The relationship between CTC numbers and PSA levels, Gleason score and TNM classification was studied. Results: Only 10% of the healthy controls had 1 CTC/7.5 mL, none of the patients with localised PC had more than 3 CTCs (88% < 2 CTCs), and patients with MPC had significantly higher CTC levels [m: 29 (1-178)] compared with the other two groups (P: 0.000). A positive correlation was demonstrated between the CTC count and PSA levels, tumor size, and presence or absence of enlarged lymph nodes. Gleason score was the only parameter that did not show any correlation with CTC levels, and although the number of CTCs was higher in patients with visceral metastases [m: 297 (0-416)] compared with bone metastases patients [m: 68 (9.5-168j], these differences were not significant. Conclusions: Immunomagnetic analysis permits CTCs to be enumerated in peripheral blood and could be a possible way to correctly stage and make a reasonable prognosis of metastatic disease.

Objetivos: Detección y cuantificación de células tumorales prostáticas circulantes (CTC) en sangre periférica de pacientes con cáncer de próstata (CP) y estudiar la relación de las CTCs con los parámetros clínico-patológicos. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo con tres brazos: 26 pacientes (p) con CP localizado (CPL); 24p con CP metastático (CPM) y 30 controles voluntarios sanos. Se extrajo una única muestra de 7,5 mL de sangre periférica y se aislaron las CTC según un método inmunomagnético basado en el sistema CellSearch (Veridex). Las CTCs fueron identificadas como células nucleadas negativas para el CD45 (leucocitos) y positivas para las citoqueratinas (8, 18 y 19). Se estudiaron las relaciones del número de CTCs con los niveles de PSA, Gleason y clasificación TNM. Resultados: Sólo el 10% de controles sanos tenían 1 CTC/7,5 mL, ninguno de los pacientes con CP localizado tuvo más de 3 CTC (88% < 2 CTC) y aquellos con CPM presentaban niveles de CTCs significativamente más altos [m: 29 (1-178)] comparados con los otros dos grupos (P: 0.000). Se demostró una correlación positiva entre el número de CTC y cifras de PSA, con el tamaño del tumor y con la presencia o no de adenopatías. El grado Gleason fue el único parámetro que no mostró correlación con los niveles de CTC y aunque el número de CTC fue mayor en aquellos con metástasis viscerales [m: 297 (0-416)] comparado con los que tenían metástasis óseas [m: 68 (9,5-168)] estas diferencias no fueron significativas. Conclusiones: El análisis inmunomagnético nos permite cuantificar las CTC en sangre periférica y podría presentar una posibilidad para lograr una estadificación correcta y estimar un pronóstico adecuado de la enfermedad metastática.