Pesticides have been pointed out as hormone disruptors and may significantly affect the prognosis of hormone-dependent diseases such as breast cancer (BC). Here, we investigated the impact of occupational pesticide exposure on systemic cortisol levels in female rural workers diagnosed with BC. Occupational exposure was assessed by interviews with a standardized questionnaire. Plasma samples (112 from pesticide-exposed women and 77 from unexposed women) were collected in the afternoon, outside the physiological cortisol peak, and analyzed by a chemiluminescent paramagnetic immunoassay for the quantitative determination of cortisol levels in serum and plasma. The results from both groups were categorized according to patients' clinicopathological and exposure data. BC pesticide-exposed women presented higher levels of cortisol than the unexposed. Higher cortisol levels were also detected in the exposed group with more aggressive disease (triple-negative BC), with tumors over 2 cm, with lymph node metastases, and with high risk of disease recurrence and death. These findings demonstrated that there is an association between pesticide exposure and BC that affected cortisol levels and correlated to poor disease prognosis.

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is a public health problem due to its incidence and mortality, with the possibility of prevention and early detection and consequent improvement of the prognosis through the actions of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Objective Investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (CAP) of FHS professionals on actions to control BC recommended by the Ministry of Health and their association with sociodemographic and training characteristics. Method Cross-sectional study with doctors and nurses from the FHS of Juiz de for a (MG, Brazil), using a self-administered structured questionnaire, in 2019. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5%. Results A total of 170 professionals (93.0%) were surveyed, with a predominance of females (74.1%), aged 30 to 49 years (47.9%), and undergraduates older than 20 years (45.8%). Adequate CAP was 75.6%, 61.8%, and 78.4%, respectively. They had more adequate knowledge, younger professionals with better practices, and professionals with more time since graduation. Conclusion The study found important gaps in the process of continuing education for FHS professionals, resulting in a possible obstacle to better control of CM. The evaluation enables targeted health actions and better planning to face the CM.

Resumo Introdução O câncer de mama (CM) é um problema de saúde pública em razão da incidência e mortalidade elevadas, com possibilidade de prevenção e detecção precoce e consequente melhoria do prognóstico mediante ações da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Objetivo Investigar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas (CAP) dos profissionais da ESF sobre o controle do CM preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e sua associação com características sociodemográficas e de formação. Método Estudo transversal com médicos e enfermeiros da ESF de Juiz de Fora (MG), utilizando questionário estruturado autoaplicável, em 2019. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva, teste qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, nível de significância 5%. Resultados Foram pesquisados 170 profissionais (93,0%), com predomínio do sexo feminino (74,1%), faixa etária de 30 a 49 anos (47,9%) e tempo de graduação maior que 20 anos (45,8%). Os CAP adequados foram respectivamente de 75,6%, 61,8% e 78,4%. Profissionais mais jovens tiveram conhecimento mais adequado, e os com maior tempo de graduação, melhores práticas. Conclusão O estudo averiguou importantes lacunas no processo de educação permanente dos profissionais da ESF, resultando em limites para o controle do CM. Tal avaliação possibilita ações de saúde mais direcionadas e melhor planejamento para o enfrentamento do CM.

Abstract Background: The association of scaffolds to repair extensive bone defects can contribute to their evolution and morphophysiological recomposition. The incorporation of particulate biomaterials into three-dimensional fibrin bioproducts together with photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) has potential and can improve regenerative medicine procedures. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of PBM therapy on critical size defects filled with xenogenic bone substitute associated with fibrin biopolymer. Methods: A critical defect of 8 mm was performed in 36 Wistar male adult rats that were divided into four groups. Groups BC and BC-PBM were defined as controls with defects filled by a clot (without or with PBM, respectively) and groups XS and XS-PBM that comprised those filled with biocomplex Bio-OssTM in association with fibrin biopolymer. PBM was applied immediately after the surgery and three times a week every other day, with the parameters: wavelength of 830 nm, energy density 6.2 J/cm2, output power 30 mW, beam area of 0.116 cm2, irradiance 0.258,62 W/cm2, energy/point 0.72 J, total energy 2.88 J. Fourteen and 42 days after the surgery, animals were euthanatized and subjected to microtomography, qualitative and quantitative histological analysis. Results: The BC-PBM and XS-PBM groups had a similar evolution in the tissue repair process, with a higher density of the volume of new formed bone in relation to the groups without PBM (p = 0.04086; p = 0.07093, respectively). Intense vascular proliferation and bone deposition around the biomaterial particles were observed in the animals of the groups in which biocomplex was applied (XS and XS-PBM). Conclusion: PBM therapy allowed an improvement in the formation of new bone, with a more organized deposition of collagen fibers in the defect area. Biocomplex favored the insertion and permanence of the particulate material in bone defects, creating a favorable microenvironment for accelerate repair process.

RESUMO: A cisticercose bovina (CB) é uma doença importante no Brasil devido à sua detecção em abatedouros-frigoríficos que resulta em impactos econômicos aos criadores de bovinos, e um problema de saúde pública. Apesar da sua importância, o conhecimento sobre a sua epidemiologia e impacto persiste não completamente descritos em diversas áreas do país requer mais estudos. Portanto, esse estudo objetivou estabelecer a prevalência nos municípios e regiões do Estado do Espírito Santo de 2017 a 2019; estabelecer os fatores de risco associados; e estimar o impacto econômico aos pecuaristas. Durante o período, 2.330 casos de BC foram dectados entre os 407.529 bovinos inspecionados sob regime de inspeção federal (0,57%; I.C. 95% 0,55 - 0,60%), com maior frequência de cisticercos inviáveis (66,14%). Os pecuaristas perderam pelo menos US$153.000,20 devido à ocorrência de CB durante o período. As áreas de maior risco para a enfermidade nesse estado estão nas mesoregiões Metropolitana (OR = 9,19), Litoral Sul (OR = 7,77), Caparó (OR = 7,44), e Central Sul (OR = 7,19), respectivamente. A doença foi detectada em animais de 67 municípios e a prevalência da enfermidade foi maior em áreas com elevada densidade populacional humana (OR = 1,58; p = 0,01). Assim, conclui-se que a CB é uma importante doença para a cadeia da carne bovina no estado, além de uma importante causa de perdas econômicas, principalmente em algumas áreas, e necessita, urgentemente, da adoação de medidas profiláticas para reduzir a ocorrência desse parasita.

ABSTRACT: Bovine cysticercosis (BCC) is an important disease in Brazil due to its detection in abattoirs, resulting in economic losses for cattle farmers, and a public health corcern. Besides its importance, the knowledge about BCC epidemiology and impact remains not fully described in several areas in this country, requiring more studies. Thus, this study focused on establishing BCC prevalence in the regions and municipalities of the state of Espírito Santo from 2017 to 2019, establishing the associated risk factors, and estimating the economic losses for cattle farmers. A set of 2,330 cases of BCC was detected in the 407,529 bovine inspected by Federal Inspection Service (0.57%; C.I. 95% 0.55 - 0.60%) with a higher detection of unviable cysticercus (66.14%). The beef producers lost at least US$153,000.20 due to BCC through this period. The highest risk for BCC infection occurred in Metropolitana (OR = 9.19), Litoral Sul (OR = 7.77), Caparó (OR = 7.44), and Central Sul (OR = 7.19) mesoregions, respectively. The BCC was detected in animals from 67 municipalities and its prevalence increased in areas with high human population density (OR = 1.58;; p = 0.01). In conclusion, BCC is an important disease for beef production chain in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo and a cause of economic losses, mainly in some areas, and urgently requires the adoption of prophylactic strategies to reduce the ocurrence of this parasite.

RESUMO Este artigo tem por objetivo colocar a dança no centro da análise histórica da tragédia ateniense do século V a.C. Para tanto, é proposta uma trajetória que parte da cultura da performance, passa pela cultura dos festivais, pela dança do coro e pelo ensinamento do velho sátiro bêbado, até chegar na revisão dos conceitos de opsis e psuchagôgia, presentes na Poética de Aristóteles. Desse modo, busca-se compreender como a performance cívico-ritual dos atores-cantores-dançarinos gregos antigos, a partir da criação de figuras de movimento, era também um ato de evocação das almas no contexto de uma festividade pública.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to place dance at the center of the historical analysis of Athenian tragedy of the 5th century BC. To do so, a trajectory is proposed that begins with the culture of performance, passes through the culture of festivals, the dance of the chorus and the teaching of the old drunken satyr, and then reviews the concepts of opsis and psuchagôgia in Aristotle's Poetics. Thus, the objective is to understand how the ritual-civic performance of the ancient Greek actors-singers-dancers, based on the creation of figures of movement, was also an act of evoking souls in the context of a public festivity.

RÉSUMÉ Cet article vise à placer la danse au centre de l'analyse historique de la tragédie athénienne du Ve siècle av. JC . Pour cela, une trajectoire est proposée qui part de la culture de la performance, passe par la culture de fêtes, par la danse du chœur et par l'enseignement du vieux satyre ivre, jusqu'à arriver à la révision des concepts d'opsis et de psuchagôgia, présents dans la Poétique d'Aristote. De cette manière, c’est cherché à comprendre comment la performance civique-rituelle des acteurs-chanteurs-danseurs grecs antiques, à partir de la création de figures de mouvement, était aussi un acte d'évocation des âmes dans le cadre d'une fête publique.

Resumen Introducción: Rhinella schneideri está ampliamente distribuida en Suramérica y su veneno es caracterizado por inducir cardiotoxicidad y neurotoxicidad. Objetivo: En este trabajo, investigamos estrategias farmacológicas para atenuar la neurotoxicidad periférica inducida por el veneno de R. schneideri en preparaciones neuromusculares de aves. Métodos: Los experimentos fueron realizados usando preparaciones de biventer cervicis de pollos sometidas a estimulación de campo para el registro de las contracciones musculares o expuestas a la acetilcolina y al cloruro de potasio para la respuesta contractural. Resultados: El veneno (10 µg/ml) provocó un bloqueo neuromuscular completo en las preparaciones después de aproximadamente 70 min de incubación (tiempos para 50 y 90 % de bloqueo: 15 ± 3 min y 40 ± 2 min, respectivamente; P < 0.05, N = 5); las contracturas en respuesta a la acetilcolina y el KCl exógenos no fueron afectadas por el veneno, indicando que no hay una interacción especifica con receptores postsinápticos o miotoxicidad respectivamente. El bloqueo neuromuscular causado por el veneno (10 µg/ml) no fue prevenido por la heparina (5 y 150 UI/ml) bajo condiciones pre y post-tratamiento. La incubación a bajas temperaturas (23-25 ºC) abolió el bloqueo neuromuscular; después de aumentar la temperatura a 37 ºC, el bloqueo neuromuscular total fue levemente más lento que el visto en preparaciones directamente incubadas a 37 ºC (tiempos para 50 y 90 % de bloqueo: 23 ± 2 min y 60 ± 2.5 min, respectivamente; P < 0.05, N= 4). Neostigmina (3.3 µM) no revirtió el bloqueo neuromuscular, mientras que 3.4-diaminopiridina (91.6 µM) produjo una reversión parcial y sostenida de las respuestas neuromusculares (29 ± 7.8 % de la reversión máxima alcanzada en aproximadamente 40 min de incubación; P < 0.05, N = 4). Conclusiones: El veneno de R. schneideri indujo neurotoxicidad periférica potente in vitro, el cual puede ser revertido por 3.4-diaminopiridina.

Abstract Introduction: Rhinella schneideri is a toad widely distributed in South America and its poison is characterized by inducing cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Objective: In this work, we investigated pharmacological strategies to attenuate the peripheral neurotoxicity induced by R. schneideri poison in avian neuromuscular preparation. Methods: The experiments were carried out using isolated chick biventer cervicis preparation subjected to field stimulation for muscle twitches recordings or exposed to acetylcholine and potassium chloride for contracture responses. Results: Poison (10 μg/ml) produced complete neuromuscular blockade in chick biventer cervicis preparation within approximately 70 min incubation (times for 50 and 90 % blockade: 15 ± 3 min and 40 ± 2 min, respectively; P < 0.05, N= 5); contracture responses to exogenous acetylcholine and KCl were unaffected by poison indicating no specificity with postsynaptic receptors or myotoxicity, respectively. Poison (10 μg/ml)-induced neuromuscular blockade was not prevented by heparin (5 and 150 IU/ml) under pre- or post-treatment conditions. Incubation at low temperature (23-25 °C) abolished the neuromuscular blockade; after raising the temperature to 37 °C, the complete neuromuscular blockade was slightly slower than that seen in preparations directly incubated at 37 °C (times for 50 and 90 % blockade: 23 ± 2 min and 60 ± 2.5 min, respectively; P < 0.05, N= 4). Neostigmine (3.3 μM) did not reverse the neuromuscular blockade in BC preparation whereas 3,4-diaminopyridine (91.6 μM) produced a partial and sustained reversal of the twitch responses (29 ± 7.8 % of maximal reversal reached in approximately 40 min incubation; P < 0.05, N= 4). Conclusions: R. schneideri poison induces potent peripheral neurotoxicity in vitro which can be partially reversible by 3,4-diaminopyridine.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS Analisar a magnitude das mudanças na incidência e mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero (CCU) e câncer de mama (CM) em Campinas (SP) entre os quinquênios 1991–1995 e 2010–2014. MÉTODOS Os dados sobre câncer foram obtidos do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Campinas e os dados sobre óbitos do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram calculadas taxas de incidência e de mortalidade padronizadas por idade pelo método direto, com os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Mensurou-se a magnitude das mudanças por meio da razão de taxas (RT). RESULTADOS Entre os períodos estudados, houve aumento de três vezes na taxa de detecção do CCU in situ (RT = 3,03; IC95% 2,64–3,47) e de 5 vezes para o CM in situ (RT = 5,23; IC95% 4,98–5,50). A proporção de casos de CM in situ em relação ao total de casos de CM aumentou de 3,31% para 11,05%. A taxa de incidência do CCU invasivo declinou em 57% (RT = 0,43; IC95% 0,40–0,47), e a do CM invasivo aumentou em 40% (RT = 1,40; IC95% 1,33–1,47). A taxa de mortalidade do CCU caiu em 58% (RT = 0,42; IC95% 0,32–0,56), e a do CM em 15% (RT = 0,85; IC95% 0,82–0,89). CONCLUSÃO A incidência de carcinomas in situ de CCU e CM aumentou nessas quase duas décadas. A taxa de carcinoma invasivo do CCU diminuiu, e a do CM aumentou. A mortalidade pelos dois cânceres foi reduzida. Observar essas alterações é útil para avaliar o impacto das ações realizadas no período e planejar ações futuras.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To analyze the magnitude of changes in the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer (CC) and breast cancer (BC) in Campinas, São Paulo State, between the five-year periods of 1991–1995 and 2010–2014. METHODS data on cancer were obtained from the Campinas Population-Based Cancer Registry and data on deaths from the Mortality Information System of the Computing Department of the Unified Health System. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated by the direct method, with the respective 95% confidence intervals. The magnitude of the changes was measured by the rate ratio (rate ratio; 95%CI). RESULTS among the periods studied, there was a threefold increase in the detection rate of in situ CC (3.03; 95%CI: 2.64–3.47) and fivefold increase for in situ BC (5.23; 95%CI: 4.98–5.50). The proportion of cases of in situ BC in relation to the total number of cases of BC increased from 3.31% to 11.05%. The incidence rate of invasive CC decreased by 57% (0.43; 95%CI: 0.40–0.47), and the incidence rate of invasive BC increased by 40% (1.40; 95%CI: 1.33–1.47). The mortality rate of the CC decreased by 58% (0.42; 95%CI: 0.32–0.56), and that of BC by 15% (0.85; 95%CI: 0.82–0.89). CONCLUSION the incidence of in situ carcinomas of CC and BC increased in almost two decades. The rate of invasive carcinoma of CC decreased, and that of BC increased. Mortality from both cancers decreased. Observing these changes is useful for assessing the impact of the actions carried out in the period and for planning future actions.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS Analisar a magnitude das mudanças na incidência e mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero (CCU) e câncer de mama (CM) em Campinas (SP) entre os quinquênios 1991–1995 e 2010–2014. MÉTODOS Os dados sobre câncer foram obtidos do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Campinas e os dados sobre óbitos do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram calculadas taxas de incidência e de mortalidade padronizadas por idade pelo método direto, com os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Mensurou-se a magnitude das mudanças por meio da razão de taxas (RT). RESULTADOS Entre os períodos estudados, houve aumento de três vezes na taxa de detecção do CCU in situ (RT = 3,03; IC95% 2,64–3,47) e de 5 vezes para o CM in situ (RT = 5,23; IC95% 4,98–5,50). A proporção de casos de CM in situ em relação ao total de casos de CM aumentou de 3,31% para 11,05%. A taxa de incidência do CCU invasivo declinou em 57% (RT = 0,43; IC95% 0,40–0,47), e a do CM invasivo aumentou em 40% (RT = 1,40; IC95% 1,33–1,47). A taxa de mortalidade do CCU caiu em 58% (RT = 0,42; IC95% 0,32–0,56), e a do CM em 15% (RT = 0,85; IC95% 0,82–0,89). CONCLUSÃO A incidência de carcinomas in situ de CCU e CM aumentou nessas quase duas décadas. A taxa de carcinoma invasivo do CCU diminuiu, e a do CM aumentou. A mortalidade pelos dois cânceres foi reduzida. Observar essas alterações é útil para avaliar o impacto das ações realizadas no período e planejar ações futuras.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To analyze the magnitude of changes in the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer (CC) and breast cancer (BC) in Campinas, São Paulo State, between the five-year periods of 1991–1995 and 2010–2014. METHODS data on cancer were obtained from the Campinas Population-Based Cancer Registry and data on deaths from the Mortality Information System of the Computing Department of the Unified Health System. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated by the direct method, with the respective 95% confidence intervals. The magnitude of the changes was measured by the rate ratio (rate ratio; 95%CI). RESULTS among the periods studied, there was a threefold increase in the detection rate of in situ CC (3.03; 95%CI: 2.64–3.47) and fivefold increase for in situ BC (5.23; 95%CI: 4.98–5.50). The proportion of cases of in situ BC in relation to the total number of cases of BC increased from 3.31% to 11.05%. The incidence rate of invasive CC decreased by 57% (0.43; 95%CI: 0.40–0.47), and the incidence rate of invasive BC increased by 40% (1.40; 95%CI: 1.33–1.47). The mortality rate of the CC decreased by 58% (0.42; 95%CI: 0.32–0.56), and that of BC by 15% (0.85; 95%CI: 0.82–0.89). CONCLUSION the incidence of in situ carcinomas of CC and BC increased in almost two decades. The rate of invasive carcinoma of CC decreased, and that of BC increased. Mortality from both cancers decreased. Observing these changes is useful for assessing the impact of the actions carried out in the period and for planning future actions.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o consumo alimentar e o estado nutricional de mulheres com câncer de mama (CM) em quimioterapia (QT). A avaliação dietética quantitativa foi realizada de acordo com as Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) e a avaliação qualitativa pelo Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD-R). Dentre o total de pacientes (n = 20), 60% (n = 12) apresentaram circunferência da cintura igual ou superior a 88 cm. Foi verificado 75% (n = 15) de indivíduos com excesso de peso. A média da ingestão de cálcio, cobre, ferro, fibra alimentar, magnésio, potássio, vitamina A, niacina, vitamina B6 e zinco encontrava-se abaixo da recomendação de ingestão adequada e o consumo de vitamina C, fósforo, manganês, sódio e tiamina encontrava-se acima. Quanto à análise do IQD-R, 80% (n = 16) das pacientes apresentaram uma “dieta que requer modificações”, enquanto que 20% (n = 4) apresentaram uma “dieta saudável”. Observou-se elevado excesso de peso, desequilíbrio na ingestão de micronutrientes e dieta que necessita melhorias. Dessa forma, a criação e a utilização de um protocolo de intervenção nutricional são de grande relevância para melhorar a dieta de pacientes com CM que realizam QT.

Abstract The objective behind this study was the analysis of food intake and the nutritional status of women with breast cancer (BC) undergoing chemotherapy (CT). The quantitative dietary evaluation was performed in accordance with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), whereas the qualitative evaluation was performed through the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index – Revised (BHEI-R).From among the total number of patients (n = 20), 60% (n = 12) presented waist circumference, equal to or higher than 88cm. It was noted that 75% (n = 15) individuals were overweight. The average intake for calcium, copper, iron, dietary fiber, magnesium, potassium, vitamin A, niacin, vitamin B6 and zinc, were found to be below adequate intake levels, while the intake of vitamin C, phosphorus, manganese, sodium and thiamine were all found to be above DRIs recommendations. As for the analysis of the BHEI-R, 80% (n = 16) of the patients presented a “diet that needs modifications”, while 20% (n = 4) presented a “healthy diet”. Noted from these observations was the presence of a high overweight rate, a discrepancy in the intake of micronutrients and a diet that needed improvements. In this manner, the establishment and use of a nutritional intervention protocol are very important when it comes to the improvement of the diet in patients with BC and who are undergoing CT.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o consumo alimentar e o estado nutricional de mulheres com câncer de mama (CM) em quimioterapia (QT). A avaliação dietética quantitativa foi realizada de acordo com as Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) e a avaliação qualitativa pelo Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD-R). Dentre o total de pacientes (n = 20), 60% (n = 12) apresentaram circunferência da cintura igual ou superior a 88 cm. Foi verificado 75% (n = 15) de indivíduos com excesso de peso. A média da ingestão de cálcio, cobre, ferro, fibra alimentar, magnésio, potássio, vitamina A, niacina, vitamina B6 e zinco encontrava-se abaixo da recomendação de ingestão adequada e o consumo de vitamina C, fósforo, manganês, sódio e tiamina encontrava-se acima. Quanto à análise do IQD-R, 80% (n = 16) das pacientes apresentaram uma “dieta que requer modificações”, enquanto que 20% (n = 4) apresentaram uma “dieta saudável”. Observou-se elevado excesso de peso, desequilíbrio na ingestão de micronutrientes e dieta que necessita melhorias. Dessa forma, a criação e a utilização de um protocolo de intervenção nutricional são de grande relevância para melhorar a dieta de pacientes com CM que realizam QT.

Abstract The objective behind this study was the analysis of food intake and the nutritional status of women with breast cancer (BC) undergoing chemotherapy (CT). The quantitative dietary evaluation was performed in accordance with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), whereas the qualitative evaluation was performed through the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index – Revised (BHEI-R).From among the total number of patients (n = 20), 60% (n = 12) presented waist circumference, equal to or higher than 88cm. It was noted that 75% (n = 15) individuals were overweight. The average intake for calcium, copper, iron, dietary fiber, magnesium, potassium, vitamin A, niacin, vitamin B6 and zinc, were found to be below adequate intake levels, while the intake of vitamin C, phosphorus, manganese, sodium and thiamine were all found to be above DRIs recommendations. As for the analysis of the BHEI-R, 80% (n = 16) of the patients presented a “diet that needs modifications”, while 20% (n = 4) presented a “healthy diet”. Noted from these observations was the presence of a high overweight rate, a discrepancy in the intake of micronutrients and a diet that needed improvements. In this manner, the establishment and use of a nutritional intervention protocol are very important when it comes to the improvement of the diet in patients with BC and who are undergoing CT.

ABSTRACT This study aimed at proposing a new technical criteria for condemnation of turkey carcasses due to fowlpox in turkeys as a contribution for the work of the Brazilian Federal Meat Inspection Service. Skin samples from 30 carcasses of a flock of 840 turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), previously vaccinated for fowlpox and slaughtered in June 2013, were collected. Samples were submitted to histological examination under light microscopy. The virus was identified using standard PCR techniques. The main histological findings were hyperplasia and hydropic degeneration of the epithelium and the presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies. PCR results yielded 83.3% positive and 16.7% negative samples. Fowlpox virus is species specific, and there are no reports of its occurrence in mammals. The macroscopic and microscopic findings of the skin lesions do not justify the total condemnation of carcasses of poultry affected with fowlpox, except in cases of cachexia or repulsive appearance, as established by SIF regulation.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a situação nutricional de crianças com colestase persistente e comparar os índices antropométricos entre crianças com e sem cirrose hepática e crianças com e sem icterícia. Métodos: Foram incluídas crianças com colestase persistente, ou seja, aumento da bilirrubina direta ou alterações na enzima canalicular, gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT). As medidas antropométricas foram peso, estatura ou altura, circunferência do braço (CB), espessura da prega cutânea do tríceps (TST), circunferência muscular do braço (CMB) e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Resultados: Foram avaliadas 91 crianças com colestase, com idade média de 12 meses; 33% e 30,8% dos pacientes apresentaram índices P/I e A/I com escore Z abaixo de –2, respectivamente. Com relação ao índice P/A e IMC, somente 12% e 16% dos pacientes, respectivamente, apresentaram escore Z abaixo de –2. Com relação à CB, 43,8% de 89 pacientes avaliados apresentaram alguma depleção. Observando a TST, 64% dos pacientes que apresentaram depleção, 71,1% dos 45 pacientes avaliados apresentaram algum grau de depleção com relação ao índice de CMB. Conclusão: A avaliação do peso em pacientes com doenças hepáticas crônicas poderá superestimar a situação nutricional devido a visceromegalia, edema subclínico ou ascite. Os índices que correlacionam peso e altura, como P/A e IMC, também podem não mostrar depleção devido à doença crônica em que há depleção tanto do peso quanto da altura. A TST, BC e CMB são parâmetros que estimam melhor a situação nutricional e devem fazer parte de gestão de pacientes com doenças hepáticas e colestase.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of children with persistent cholestasis and to compare the anthropometric indices between children with and without liver cirrhosis and children with and without jaundice. Methods: Children with persistent cholestasis, i.e. increased direct bilirrubin or changes in the canalicular enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), were included. The anthropometric measures were weight (W), height or length (H), arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), arm muscle circumference (AMC), and body mass index (BMI). Results: Ninety-one children with cholestasis, with current median age of 12 months, were evaluated. W/age (A) and H/A indices below −2 Z-scores were observed in 33% and 30.8% of patients, respectively. Concerning the W/H index and BMI, only 12% and 16% of patients, respectively, were below −2 Z-scores. Regarding AC, 43.8% of 89 evaluated patients had some depletion. Observing the TST, 64% of patients had depletion, and 71.1% of the 45 evaluated patients had some degree of depletion regarding the ACM index. Conclusion: Evaluation using weight in patients with chronic liver diseases may overestimate the nutritional status due to visceromegaly, subclinical edema, or ascites. Indices that correlate weight and height, such as W/H and BMI, may also not show depletion because of the chronic condition in which there are depletion of both weight and height. TST, AC, and ACM are parameters that better estimate nutritional status and should be part of the management of patients with liver diseases and cholestasis.

RESUMO Foram comparados dois sistemas de produção cultural (orgânico = OR; convencional = CO) e seus efeitos no controle da seca dos ponteiros (Erwinia psidii) da goiabeira (Psidium guajava). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em arranjo de parcelas subsubdivididas, onde foram mensuradas a bacteriose e a produção de frutos nas safras de 2005/2006, 2006/207 e 2007/2008. Nas safras, foram avaliados os efeitos das quatro épocas de poda (setembro, dezembro, março e junho) em ambos os sistemas de produção. Tais sistemas constituíram-se de: OR - tratamentos com composto bioativo (CB), CB líquido e cobertura morta; e CO - adubação química, fungicida e herbicida. Em 2007/2008, a Área Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Doença (AACPD) de todos os tratamentos no sistema OR foi menor (~54-107) que em CO (~233-298). Na safra de 2007/2008 o número de frutos por planta para todos os tratamentos em OR foi maior (~146-204) do que aqueles em CO (~57-103). Em todas as safras, considerando todos os tratamentos dentro de cada sistema, houve significativamente menor AACPD (~93-184) e maior produção de frutos (~158-188) em OR do que em CO (AACPD: ~208-476; frutos: ~81-104). Poda induziu maior AACPD e menor produção de frutos em ambos os sistemas de produção.

ABSTRACT In this work, two cultural production systems were compared [conventional (CO) and organic (OR)], and its effects in the guava trees (Psidium guajava) bacterial blight (Erwinia psidii) control. The experimental design was in radomized blocks, in split-split-plot arrangement, where it was measured the bacterial disease and the fruits production on the 2005/06, 2006/07 and 2007/08 harvests. Four pruning seasons effects were evaluated on the harvests (September, December, March and June) in both production systems. Such systems were constituted of: OR – treatment with bioactive compound (BC), liquid BC and dead coverage, and; CO – chemical fertilization, fungicide and herbicide. In 2007/08, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of all the treatments in the OR system was lower (~54-107) than the CO one(~233-298). In the 2007/08 harvest the number of fruits for each plant for all the OR treatments was higher (~146-204) than the CO ones (~57-103). In all the harvests, considering all the treatments within each system, there was a significantly lower AUDPC (~93-184) and higher fruits production (~158-188) in the OR one than the CO one (AUDPC: ~208-476; fruits ~18-104). The pruning induced a higher AUDPC and lower fruits production in both production sytems.

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de 10% de glicerina bruta (GB) associada a fontes de volumosos sobre a qualidade da carne maturada em 24 horas, sete e 14 dias post mortem de tourinhos da raça Nelore. Utilizaram-se 30 animais confinados (n = 10), com peso inicial de 416,70 ± 24,74 kg e 18 meses de idade, sendo submetidos aos três tratamentos: silagem de milho (SM), cana-de-açúcar (CA) ou bagaço de cana (BC), utilizando delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Após 85 dias, os animais foram abatidos com 554,51 ± 38,51 kg. Amostras do longissimus foram coletadas após resfriamento das carcaças e embaladas a vácuo. A dieta influenciou o pH, a coloração da carne e da gordura subcutânea (GS; p < 0,05). Animais alimentados com SM apresentaram maior valor de b* na GS (p < 0,05). A dieta não modificou o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) da carne (p > 0,05). A maturação influenciou pH e força de cisalhamento da carne (FC; p < 0,05). Carnes maturadas aos 14 dias apresentaram maior pH (5,90) e menor FC (2,40 kgf). Dietas contendo 10% GB na MS associada à SM, CA ou BC não modificam os AG da carne. A maturação em 14 dias reduz a FC do longissimus, melhorando a qualidade da carne.

This trial aimed to evaluate the inclusion of 10% of crude glycerin associated with roughage sources on the quality of meat aged for 1, 7 or 14 days post mortem of Nellore young bulls. Thirty feedlot animals (n = 10) with initial body weight of 416.70 ± 24.74 kg and 18 months of age were assigned to three treatments: corn silage (CS), sugar cane (SC) and sugar cane bagasse (CB), using a completely randomized design. After 85 days of feeding, animals were slaughtered with 554.51 ± 38.51 kg. Samples of longissimus muscle were collected, after carcass chilling, and vacuum-packed. Diets influenced pH, meat color and subcutaneous fat (SF) (p > 0.05). Animals fed CS showed higher values of b* in SF (p < 0.05). Differences were not found in the meat fatty acid profile (p > 0.05). Aging times influenced pH and shear force of beef (p < 0.05). Beef aged for 14 days showed higher pH (5.90) and lower shear force (2.40 kgf). Diets containing 10% crude glycerin in the DM associated with CS, SC or CB had no effect on the fatty acid profile in beef. The aging process for 14 days reduces shear force, improving meat quality.

Retention curves describe water dynamics in the soil and represent the relationship between the energy of water retention and moisture content. Several empirical models of water retention curve settings in the soil are analyzed (Van Genuchten-VG, Brooks & Corey BC, Bruce & Luxmore-BL and Driessen-D). Deformed soil samples were collected at 10 sites per plot; a compound sample was established with 36 plots between October and November 2007, at depths 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm in the Irrigation District of Gorutuba in Janaúba MG, Brazil. Tensions used for tests were 10, 30, 100, 500 and 1500 kPa. Soil Water Retention Curve software was employed to obtain the parameters of the empirical equations. The performance of empirical models was obtained by the index suggested by Camargo & Sentelhas, coupled to estimate standard error, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. The results showed that the VG model had the best performance compared to the other models tested for data on water retention in the soil. The BC model had the most unsatisfactory performance.

A curva de retenção é utilizada para descrever a dinâmica da água no solo, representando a relação entre a energia de retenção de água e o teor de umidade. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar vários modelos empíricos de ajuste das curvas de retenção de água no solo (Van Genuchten-VG, Brooks & Corey-BC, Bruce & Luxmore-BL e Driessen-D). Para tal, foram coletadas amostras deformadas de solo em 10 pontos por lote, compondo uma amostra composta, em 36 lotes de outubro a novembro de 2007, nas profundidades de 0 a 20 cm e 20 a 40 cm, no Distrito de Irrigação do Perímetro Gorutuba, em Janaúba-MG. As tensões utilizadas nos ensaios foram: 10, 30, 100, 500 e 1500 kPa. Para obtenção dos parâmetros empíricos das equações utilizou-se o software Soil Water Retention Curve. O desempenho dos modelos empíricos foi obtido por meio do índice proposto por Camargo & Sentelhas, erro padrão de estimativa, desvio padrão e coeficiente de variação. Os resultados indicaram que o modelo de VG apresentou o melhor desempenho em relação aos demais modelos testados para os dados de retenção de água no solo; e comparando os modelos estudados, o modelo BC apresentou desempenho não satisfatório.