Black Sigatoka caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis is a foliar disease that affects banana plants and large amounts of fungicides are required to prevent crop losses. Intensive applications of single-site fungicides can select for fungicide-resistant isolates. The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of 60 isolates of M. fijiensis to commonly used fungicides. Using two different protocols, microtiter and Petri plate tests, the effective concentration at which mycelium growth is reduced by 50% (EC50) was determined for thiophanatemethyl, tebuconazole, chlorothalonil and mancozeb. Additionally, partial sequences of the cytochrome b gene were obtained for 46 isolates to detect the G143A mutation, commonly associated with strobilurin resistance. The EC50 values for tebuconazole and thiophanate-methyl ranged from 0.02 to 1.39 and from 0.008 to 8.22 µg mL-1, respectively. For chlorothalonil, the lowest and highest EC50 values were 0.39 µg mL-1 and 53.7 µg mL-1, respectively. For mancozeb, approximately 50% of the isolates had EC50 values greater than 1000 µg mL-1. No mutation was found in the isolates assayed for strobilurin resistance. There was no correlation between sensitivity levels to any fungicide and geographic region. Low EC50 values were estimated for most fungicides but, some isolates had high EC50 values for mancozeb.

The objective of this work is to verifying the consume of the minerals K, Na, Fe, Mg, P, S-SO4-2,B,N Total Kjedahl (NTK), NO3--N, and NH4+-N in the production of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum, according to the medium and the manner of cultivation. The fermentative process was in ripe and green coconut water. K and Na were determined by flame emission photometry, Mg and Fe by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, P by molecular absorption spectrophotometry, S-SO4-2 by barium sulphate turbidimetry, B by Azomethin-H method, NTK by Kjeldahl method, N-NO3-and N-NH4+ by vapor distillation with magnesium oxide and Devarda's alloy, respectively. In Fermentation of ripe coconut water there were higher consumption of K (69%), Fe (84,3%), P (97,4%), S-SO2-2 (64,9%), B (56,1%), N-NO3 (94,7%) and N-NH4+ (95,2%), whereas coconut water of green fruit the most consumed ions were Na (94,5%), Mg (67,7%) and NTK (56,6%). The cultivation under agitation showed higher mineral consumption. The higher bacterial cellulose production, 6 g.L-1, was verified in the coconut water fermentative in ripe fruit, added KH2PO4, FeSO4 and NaH2PO4 kept under agitation.

A qualidade dos frutos do tomateiro, medida pelo pH, pelos sólidos solúveis totais, pela acidez total titulável e pelos teores de N-NO3- na matéria seca, em resposta a doses de nitrogênio e a adubação orgânica, foi avaliada em dois experimentos de campo, conduzidos nas épocas: primavera/verão (nov/98 a fev/99) e outono/primavera (mai a out/99). Os experimentos foram instalados na horta da UFV. As doses de N aplicadas foram 0,0 e 0,0; 93,5 e 110,0; 187,0 e 220,0; 374,0 e 440,0; e 748,0 e 880,0 kg/ha, nos experimentos de primavera/verão e outono/primavera, respectivamente, e as doses de matéria orgânica na forma de esterco bovino curtido, em base seca, foram 0 e 8 t/ha, nos dois experimentos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso no arranjo fatorial 5x2, com quatro repetições. Nas duas épocas, o pH, os sólidos solúveis totais e a acidez total titulável no fruto de tomate não se alteraram com o aumento nas doses de N, tanto na ausência como na presença da adubação orgânica; os teores de N-NO3- na matéria seca dos frutos aumentaram linearmente com as doses de N, sem adubação orgânica; na presença, esta variável não se alterou com as doses de N.

The tomato fruits quality, measured by pH, by total soluble solids, by the entitled total acidity and by the N-NO3- and total N content in the dry matter, as a result of nitrogen doses and organic fertilization, was evaluated in two field experiments, conducted in spring/summer (nov/98 to feb/99) and autumn/spring (may/99 to oct/99). The experiments were carried out in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The N doses were 0,0 and 0,0; 93,5 and 110,0; 187,0 and 220,0; 374,0 and 440,0; and 748,0 and 880,0 kg/ha, in spring/summer and autumn/spring experiments, respectively, and the doses of organic matter in the form of hardened cattle manure, in dry base, 0 and 8 t/ha, in the experiments. The experimental design was of randomized blocks arranged in a 5x2 factorial design, with four replications. In the two periods, the pH, the total soluble solids and the entitled total acidity in tomato fruits did not alter with the increase of N doses, without and with cattle manuring; the N-NO3- content in the dry matter of the fruits increased linearly with the doses of N, without cattle manuring; in the presence of cattle manure this variable was not influenced by N doses.

A busca de métodos que permitam a extração do boro para avaliação da fertilidade do solo para a recomendação de adubação é importante, devido aos baixos teores de boro e aos altos teores de Fe na maioria dos solos brasileiros. A extração com água quente, método-referência, é trabalhosa e apresenta dificuldades operacionais. Por outro lado, soluções de CaCl2 5 mmol/L e BaCl2.2H2O 5 mmol/L são usadas com sucesso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a eficiência do ácido tioglicólico na eliminação da interferência do Fe na dosagem de B do solo com azometina-H, após extrações com soluções ácidas de Mehlich-1 e HCl (50 e 100 mmol/L). Dosagem com azometina-H, com e sem ácido tioglicólico, foram feitas para oito solos de Minas Gerais e dois solos do Mato Grosso do Sul. Foi utilizada como referência, a extração com BaCl2.2H2O 5 mmol/L, com aquecimento em forno de microondas e dosagem com azometina-H; a determinação de B com azometina-H em extratos originados de soluções ácidas sofre forte interferência do Fe. A adição do ácido tioglicólico não remove esta interferência. A coloração do complexo B-azometina-H fica menos estável com a adição do ácido tioglicólico na dosagem do boro.

The search for methods to extract boron for evaluation of soil fertility to recommend fertilizer application is important due to the low levels of boron and high levels of iron in most Brazilian soils. Extraction with hot water, the standard method, is a hard work method with operational difficulties. On the other hand, solutions of CaCl2 5 mmol/L and BaCl2.2H2O 5 mmol/L have been used successfully. The objective of this work was to test the efficiency of the thioglycolic acid as a remover of Fe interference in the dosage of B with azomethine-H, after extraction from soil with acid solutions (Mehlich-1, 50 and 100 mmol/L HCl). Dosage with azomethine-H, with and without thioglycolic acid, in soil extracts from eight Minas Gerais State soils and two Mato Grosso do Sul State soils was performed. The reference method was the extraction with 5 mmol/L BaCl2.2H2O in the microwave oven and azomethine-H dosage. The determination of B with azomethine-H in extracts originated from acid extractions undergoes strong interference of Fe. The addition of thioglycolic acid does not remove this interference. The color of the B-azomethine-H complex becomes less stable as thioglycolic acid is added.