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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the prevalence and predictors of childhood anemia in an Amazonian population-based birth cohort study. METHODS: Prevalence of maternal anemia was estimated at delivery (hemoglobin [Hb] concentration < 110 g/L) in women participating in the MINA-Brazil birth cohort study and in their children, examined at ages one, two (Hb < 110 g/L), and five (Hb < 115 g/L). Moreover, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured in mothers at delivery and in their 1- and 2-year-old children to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency and its contribution to anemia, while adjusting for potential confounders by multiple Poisson regression analysis (adjusted relative risk [RRa]). RESULTS: The prevalence 95% confidence interval (CI) of maternal anemia, iron deficiency, and iron-deficiency anemia at delivery were 17.3% (14.0–21.0%), 42.6% (38.0–47.2%), and 8.7% (6.3–11.6)%, respectively (n = 462). At one year of age (n = 646), 42.2% (38.7–45.8%) of the study children were anemic, 38.4% (34.6–42.3%) were iron-deficient, and 26.3 (23.0–29.9) had iron-deficiency anemia. At two years of age (n = 761), these values decreased to 12.8% (10.6–15.2%), 18.1% (15.5–21.1%), and 4.1% (2.8–5.7%), respectively; at five years of age (n = 655), 5.2% (3.6–7.2%) were anemic. Iron deficiency (RRa = 2.19; 95%CI: 1.84–2.60) and consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) (RRa = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.14–2.13) were significant contributors to anemia at 1 year, after adjusting for maternal schooling. At 2 years, anemia was significantly associated with maternal anemia at delivery (RRa: 1.67; 95%CI: 1.17–2.39), malaria since birth (2.25; 1.30–3.87), and iron deficiency (2.15; 1.47–3.15), after adjusting for children's age and household wealth index. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia continues to be highly prevalent during pregnancy and early childhood in the Amazon. Public health policies should address iron deficiency, UPF intake, maternal anemia, and malaria to prevent and treat anemia in Amazonian children.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência e os preditores de anemia na infância em um estudo de coorte de nascimentos de base populacional amazônica. MÉTODOS: Estimou-se a prevalência de anemia materna no parto (concentração de hemoglobina [Hb] < 110 g/L) em mulheres participantes do estudo de coorte de nascimentos MINA-Brasil e em seus filhos, examinados nas idades um, dois (Hb < 110 g/L) e cinco anos (Hb < 115 g/L). Além disso, as concentrações de ferritina, receptor solúvel de transferrina e proteína C reativa foram medidas em mães no parto e em seus filhos de 1 e 2 anos de idade para estimar a prevalência de deficiência de ferro e sua contribuição para anemia, ajustando para potenciais fatores de confusão por análise de regressão múltipla de Poisson (risco relativo ajustado [RRa]). RESULTADOS: As prevalências com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% de anemia materna, deficiência de ferro e anemia ferropriva no parto foram de 17,3% (14,0–21,0%), 42,6% (38,0–47,2%) e 8,7% (6,3–11,6%), respectivamente (n = 462). No primeiro ano de idade (n = 646), 42,2% (38,7–45,8%) das crianças estudadas eram anêmicas, 38,4% (34,6–42,3%) eram deficientes em ferro e 26,3 (23,0–29,9%) tinham anemia ferropriva. Aos dois anos de idade (n = 761), esses valores diminuíram para 12,8% (10,6–15,2%), 18,1% (15,5–21,1%) e 4,1% (2,8–5,7%), respectivamente; aos cinco anos de idade (n = 655), 5,2% (3,6–7,2%) eram anêmicos. A deficiência de ferro (RRa = 2,19, IC95%: 1,84–2,60) e consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) (RRa = 1,56, IC95%: 1,14–2,13) foram contribuintes significantes para anemia no 1° ano de idade, após ajuste para escolaridade materna. Aos 2 anos, a anemia associou-se significativamente à anemia materna no parto (RRa = 1,67; IC95%: 1,17–2,39), malária desde o nascimento (2,25; 1,30–3,87) e deficiência de ferro (2,15; 1,47–3,15), após ajuste para idade das crianças e índice de riqueza familiar. CONCLUSÕES: A anemia continua sendo altamente prevalente durante a gravidez e a primeira infância na Amazônia. Políticas públicas de saúde devem abordar a deficiência de ferro, o consumo de AUP, a anemia materna e a malária para prevenir e tratar a anemia em crianças amazônicas.

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057005637

New statistical process control charts for overdispersed count data based on the Bell distribution
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BOAVENTURA, LAION L.

; FERREIRA, PAULO H.

; FIACCONE, ROSEMEIRE L.

; RAMOS, PEDRO L.

; LOUZADA, FRANCISCO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Nº 2 elocation e20200246

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Poisson distribution is a popular discrete model used to describe counting information, from which traditional control charts involving count data, such as the c and u charts, have been established in the literature. However, several studies recognize the need for alternative control charts that allow for data overdispersion, which can be encountered in many fields, including ecology, healthcare, industry, and others. The Bell distribution, recently proposed by Castellares et al. (2018), is a particular solution of a multiple Poisson process able to accommodate overdispersed data. It can be used as an alternative to the usual Poisson (which, although not nested in the Bell family, is approached for small values of the Bell distribution) Poisson, negative binomial, and COM-Poisson distributions for modeling count data in several areas. In this paper, we consider the Bell distribution to introduce two new exciting, and useful statistical control charts for counting processes, which are capable of monitoring count data with overdispersion. The performance of the so-called Bell charts, namely Bell-c and Bell-u charts, is evaluated by the average run length in numerical simulation. Some artificial and real data sets are used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed control charts.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320200246

Flora of Espírito Santo: Hiraeoide and Malpighioide clades (Malpighiaceae) Santo Malpighiaceae (Malpighiaceae
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Barros, Paulo Henrique Dettmann

; Almeida, Rafael Felipe de

; Dutra, Valquíria Ferreira

Rodriguésia

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2023, Volume 74 elocation e00302022

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Apresentamos o tratamento taxonômico de quatro gêneros e oito espécies dos clados hiraeoide e malpighioide (Malpighiaceae) no estado do Espírito Santo. Hiraea e Mascagnia foram os gêneros de maior diversidade com três espécies registradas, cada, seguidos por Amorimia e Lophopterys com uma única espécie, cada. Duas espécies encontram-se ameaçadas de extinção: H. bullata e M. velutina. As principais características que podem ser utilizadas para a diferenciar os gêneros no Espírito Santo são: as estípulas epipeciolares ou interpeciolares, o indumento dos ramos, os tipos de inflorescências, o número de elaiofóros e características dos mericarpos. Apresentamos descrições morfológicas, chaves de identificação, comentários taxonômicos, mapas de distribuição geográfica e pranchas de imagens para as espécies. Malpighiaceae (Malpighiaceae registradas cada espécie encontramse encontram se extinção H M velutina são interpeciolares ramos inflorescências mericarpos morfológicas identificação taxonômicos

Abstract This is a taxonomic treatment of four genera and eight species of the hiraeoide and malpighioide clades (Malpighiaceae) in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Hiraea and Mascagnia are the most diverse genera, with three species each, followed by Amorimia and Lophopterys, with one species each. Two species are listed as threatened: H. bullata and M. velutina. The main characteristics that can be used to identify the genera in Espírito Santo are epipetiolar or interpetiolar stipules, the indumentum on the branches, the inflorescence type, the number of elaiophores, and characteristics of the mericarps. Morphological descriptions, identification keys, taxonomic notes, geographic distribution maps, and photographic plates are provided for the species. Malpighiaceae (Malpighiaceae Brazil each Lophopterys threatened H M velutina stipules branches type elaiophores mericarps descriptions keys notes maps

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202374011

Extracts of the Native Brazilian Tree Garcinia gardneriana Inhibit Urediniospore Germination of Coffee Leaf Rust Fungus
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Silva, Ueveton P. da

; Ferreira, Bruno W

; Sousa, Bianca L. de

; Furlani, Gabriela M

; Barreto, Robert W

; Agrizzi, Ana Paula

; Leite, João Paulo V

; Santos, Marcelo H. dos

; Varejão, Eduardo V. V

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Mar 2022, Volume 33 Nº 3 Páginas 217 - 226

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The fungal Hemileia vastatrix is the causal agent of coffee leaf rust, one of the worst and devastating disease in coffee cultures worldwide. As a result of our research on natural products for the development of novel agrochemicals, we found that the hexane extract from leaves of the Brazilian medicinal plant Garcinia gardneriana, at 500 μg mL-1, inhibited in 98% the germination of H. vastatrix urediniospores. This extract showed no phytotoxicity when tested for seed germination and seedling growth inhibitory activity using sensible plant species. Also, the hexane extract from leaves was tested for anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, which constitutes a mechanism of action of major commercial insecticides used in agriculture, and showed low activity even at concentrations about two times higher than the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) found in the antifungal assays. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the hexane extract is constituted mainly by the pentacyclic triterpene lupeol, together with a series of sesquiterpenes as minor components. This is the first report on the investigation of antifungal, phytotoxic and acetylcholinesterase activities of extracts from leaves of G. gardneriana. These findings indicate that G. gardneriana may constitute a promising source of natural products for controlling the coffee leaf rust fungus.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210139

Phylogenetic position of Gorgoderina parvicava Travassos, 1922 (Digenea: Gorgoderidae), a parasite of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Brazil
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Alcantara, E. P.

; Úngari, L. P.

; Müller, M. I.

; Ferreira-Silva, C.

; Emmerich, E.

; O'Dwyer, L. H.

; Silva, R. J.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e263745

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Durante o levantamento de parasitas de anfíbios brasileiros do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, Gorgoderina parvicava Travassos, 1922 foi encontrado na bexiga urinária (11 vermes adultos) e nos rins (cinco vermes juvenis) da rã-pimenta Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824). Os parasitas foram examinados por microscopia e os genes 28S rDNA e COI foram sequenciados e analisados para o estudo molecular. As reconstruções filogenéticas resultaram em topologias idênticas com valores suportados nos nós na maioria dos clados, usando métodos de máxima verossimilhança e inferência bayesiana e posicionaram G. parvicava no subclado formado por espécies da subfamília Gorgoderinae parasitando a bexiga urinária de anfíbios. Dados filogenéticos moleculares mostraram que esta espécie está relacionada a outras espécies de Gorgoderina. Além disso, novos dados moleculares e as análises de distâncias genéticas fornecem dados comparativos extras, que podem ser aplicados em futuras investigações sobre o status taxonômico e a diversidade entre Gorgoderina spp. e relações parasita-hospedeiro.

Abstract During a parasite survey in Brazilian amphibians from São Paulo state, Brazil, Gorgoderina parvicava Travassos, 1922 was found in the urinary bladder (11 adult worms) and (five juvenile worms) in the kidneys of the pepper-frog Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824). Parasites were examined by microscopy and 28S rDNA and COI gene were sequenced and analyzed for the molecular study. The phylogenetic reconstructions resulted in identical topologies with highly supported values in the nodes in most clades using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods and positioned G. parvicava in the subclade formed by species of subfamily Gorgoderinae parasitizing the urinary bladder of amphibians. Molecular phylogenetic data showed that this species is related to other species of Gorgoderina. In addition, new molecular data and the analyses of genetic distances provide extra comparative data, which can be applied in further investigations on the taxonomic status and the diversity among Gorgoderina spp. and host-parasite relationships.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.263745

A Reparameterized Weighted Lindley Distribution: Properties, Estimation and Applications
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Mota, Alex L.

; Ramos, Pedro L.

; Ferreira, Paulo H.

; Tomazella, Vera L. D.

; Louzada, Francisco

Revista Colombiana de Estadística

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Jun 2021, Volume 44 Nº 1 Páginas 65 - 90

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen En este artículo, discutimos varias propiedades matemáticas y métodos de estimación para una versión reparametrizada de la distribución ponderada de Lindley (RWL). La distribución RWL puede ser particularmente útil para modelar datos de confiabilidad (supervivencia) con función de tasa de riesgo en forma de bañera o creciente. El procedimiento inferencial para obtener las estimaciones de los parámetros se realiza mediante el enfoque de máxima verosimilitud considerando la censura aleatoria a la derecha. Se realizan extensas simulaciones numéricas para investigar y evaluar el rendimiento del método de estimación propuesto. Finalmente, la utilidad del modelo RWL se analiza mediante el uso de dos conjuntos de datos reales.

Abstract In this paper, we discuss several mathematical properties and estimation methods for a reparameterized version of the weighted Lindley (RWL) distribution. The RWL distribution can be particularly useful for modeling reliability (survival) data with bathtub-shaped or increasing hazard rate function. The inferential procedure to obtain the parameter estimates is conducted via the maximum likelihood approach considering random right-censoring. Extensive numerical simulations are carried out to investigate and evaluate the performance of the proposed estimation method. Finally, the potentiality of the RWL model is analyzed by employing two real data sets.

https://doi.org/10.15446/rce.v44n1.86566 203 downloads

Chemical Constituents and Cytotoxic Activity of Rhinella jimi (Anura: Bufonidae)
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Monção Filho, Evaldo S.

; Pio, Yara P. F.

; Chaves, Mariana H.

; Ferreira, Paulo M. P.

; Fonseca, Mariluce G.

; Pessoa, Cláudia

; Lima, Daisy J. B.

; Araújo, Bruno Q.

; Vieira Jr., Gerardo M.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Mai 2021, Volume 32 Nº 5 Páginas 1060 - 1069

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Rhinella jimi toads (Stevaux, 2002) belong to the Bufonidae family, are endemic in the Brazilian Northeast and are commonly found during rainy periods. In general, amphibians of this family have in their poisons different metabolites that show a diversity of pharmacological activities. The isolation and identification of these compounds are of great importance, and techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry are widely used for the discovery of novel and known compounds in these poisons. For R. jimi poison, the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts were obtained and thirty compounds were identified by combining ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) with direct infusion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DI-APCI-MS/MS) and direct infusion electrospray mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS/MS) for each extract, respectively. Marinobufagin (2) and marinobufotoxin (19) were the majorities of each extract, respectively. In addition, other bufadienolides mainly present in the ethyl acetate extract, such other bufotoxins, alkaloids and arginine diacid derivatives were identified in the methanol extract. In a cytotoxic assay by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), the extracts and compound 2 demonstrated half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values better than the positive control doxorubicin, evidencing excellent cytotoxic. This is the most complete study of the chemical composition of R. jimi toad poison and its respective cytotoxic activity, promoting the enrichment of knowledge about this family and species.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210009 133 downloads

Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial – 2020
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Barroso, Weimar Kunz Sebba

; Rodrigues, Cibele Isaac Saad

; Bortolotto, Luiz Aparecido

; Mota-Gomes, Marco Antônio

; Brandão, Andréa Araujo

; Feitosa, Audes Diógenes de Magalhães

; Machado, Carlos Alberto

; Poli-de-Figueiredo, Carlos Eduardo

; Amodeo, Celso

; Mion Júnior, Décio

; Barbosa, Eduardo Costa Duarte

; Nobre, Fernando

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto

; Vilela-Martin, José Fernando

; Yugar-Toledo, Juan Carlos

; Magalhães, Maria Eliane Campos

; Neves, Mário Fritsch Toros

; Jardim, Paulo César Brandão Veiga

; Miranda, Roberto Dischinger

; Póvoa, Rui Manuel dos Santos

; Fuchs, Sandra C

; Alessi, Alexandre

; Lucena, Alexandre Jorge Gomes de

; Avezum, Alvaro

; Sousa, Ana Luiza Lima

; Pio-Abreu, Andrea

; Sposito, Andrei Carvalho

; Pierin, Angela Maria Geraldo

; Paiva, Annelise Machado Gomes de

; Spinelli, Antonio Carlos de Souza

; Nogueira, Armando da Rocha

; Dinamarco, Nelson

; Eibel, Bruna

; Forjaz, Cláudia Lúcia de Moraes

; Zanini, Claudia Regina de Oliveira

; Souza, Cristiane Bueno de

; Souza, Dilma do Socorro Moraes de

; Nilson, Eduardo Augusto Fernandes

; Costa, Elisa Franco de Assis

; Freitas, Elizabete Viana de

; Duarte, Elizabeth da Rosa

; Muxfeldt, Elizabeth Silaid

; Lima Júnior, Emilton

; Campana, Erika Maria Gonçalves

; Cesarino, Evandro José

; Marques, Fabiana

; Argenta, Fábio

; Consolim-Colombo, Fernanda Marciano

; Baptista, Fernanda Spadotto

; Almeida, Fernando Antonio de

; Borelli, Flávio Antonio de Oliveira

; Fuchs, Flávio Danni

; Plavnik, Frida Liane

; Salles, Gil Fernando

; Feitosa, Gilson Soares

; Silva, Giovanio Vieira da

; Guerra, Grazia Maria

; Moreno Júnior, Heitor

; Finimundi, Helius Carlos

; Back, Isabela de Carlos

; Oliveira Filho, João Bosco de

; Gemelli, João Roberto

; Mill, José Geraldo

; Ribeiro, José Marcio

; Lotaif, Leda A. Daud

; Costa, Lilian Soares da

; Magalhães, Lucélia Batista Neves Cunha

; Drager, Luciano Ferreira

; Martin, Luis Cuadrado

; Scala, Luiz César Nazário

; Almeida, Madson Q.

; Gowdak, Marcia Maria Godoy

; Klein, Marcia Regina Simas Torres

; Malachias, Marcus Vinícius Bolívar

; Kuschnir, Maria Cristina Caetano

; Pinheiro, Maria Eliete

; Borba, Mario Henrique Elesbão de

; Moreira Filho, Osni

; Passarelli Júnior, Oswaldo

; Coelho, Otavio Rizzi

; Vitorino, Priscila Valverde de Oliveira

; Ribeiro Junior, Renault Mattos

; Esporcatte, Roberto

; Franco, Roberto

; Pedrosa, Rodrigo

; Mulinari, Rogerio Andrade

; Paula, Rogério Baumgratz de

; Okawa, Rogério Toshiro Passos

; Rosa, Ronaldo Fernandes

; Amaral, Sandra Lia do

; Ferreira-Filho, Sebastião R.

; Kaiser, Sergio Emanuel

; Jardim, Thiago de Souza Veiga

; Guimarães, Vanildo

; Koch, Vera H.

; Oigman, Wille

; Nadruz, Wilson

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Mar 2021, Volume 116 Nº 3 Páginas 516 - 658

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20201238 10948 downloads

Water use in the growth of atlantic forest tree species seedlings under different shading levels
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Bueno, Mateus Marques

; Leles, Paulo Sérgio Santos

; Pinto, Marinaldo Ferreira

; Resende, Alexander Silva de

; Couto, Beatriz Rodrigues Monteiro

; Carvalho, Daniel Fonseca de

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

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2021, Volume 45 elocation e025220

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O aumento da demanda por mudas de espécies arbóreas nativas torna importante a determinação de suas necessidades hídricas e de luminosidade, que são fatores importantes na otimização dos custos e do tempo de produção. O uso e a produtividade da água no crescimento de mudas de Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth., Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr e Hymenaea courbaril L. foram determinados em quatro níveis de luminosidade (três níveis de sombreamento e controle), utilizando delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A altura, o diâmetro do coleto, a área foliar e a biomassa foram avaliadas, assim como o índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). As mudas foram transplantadas em tubetes de 280 cm3, preenchidos com biossólido puro, e irrigadas por gotejamento com manejo automático. Os maiores volumes totais aplicados 3,1 L por muda de D. nigra (com 37 e 58% de sombreamento), 2,5 L por muda de A. leiocarpa (37% de sombreamento) e 3,8 L por muda de H. courbaril (a pleno sol). Os índices de crescimento, confirmados pelo IQD, indicam que os sombreamentos de 37 e 58 % para D. nigra, 37 % para A. leiocarpa e a pleno sol para H. courbaril são os mais recomendados. Os maiores volumes de irrigação promoveram maior desenvolvimento das espécies, em geral com sombreamento intermediário, os quais proporcionaram os maiores valores de IQD e produtividade da água de irrigação.

ABSTRACT The increase in the demand for seedlings of native tree species makes it important to determine their water and light requirements, which are important factors in their production, in terms of costs and time. Water use and productivity in the growth of seedlings of Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth., Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F. Macbr and Hymenaea courbaril L. were determined under four light levels (three shading levels and control), using a randomized block design with four replicates. Height, stem diameter, leaf area and biomass, as well as Dickson quality index (DQI) were evaluated. The seedlings were transplanted into 280-cm3 plugs, filled with substrate composed of pure biosolids, and irrigated by a drip system with automatic management. The highest total volumes applied were 3.1 L per D. nigra seedling (in 37 and 58% shading), 2.5 L per A. leiocarpa seedling (in 37% shading) and 3.8 L per H. courbaril seedling (in full sun). Growth indices, confirmed by the DQI, indicate that shading levels of 37 and 58% for D. nigra, 37% for A. leiocarpa, and full sun for H. courbaril are the most recommended. The highest volumes of irrigation promoted the greatest development of the species, in general for intermediate shading, which provided the highest values of DQI and irrigation water productivity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145025220 460 downloads

10.

Effect of wilting time and enzymatic-bacterial inoculant on the fermentative profile, aerobic stability, and nutritional value of BRS capiaçu grass silage
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Ribas, Wemerson Fábio Gomes

; Monção, Flávio Pinto

; Rocha Júnior, Vicente Ribeiro

; Maranhão, Camila Maida de Albuquerque

; Ferreira, Heberth Christian

; Santos, Alexandre Soares dos

; Gomes, Virgílio Mesquita

; Rigueira, João Paulo Sampaio

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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2021, Volume 50 elocation e20200207

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of wilting times and application of an enzymatic-bacterial inoculant on the fermentative profile and nutritional characteristics of BRS capiaçu grass silage in a semi-arid region. Four wilting times treatments (control, 6, 24, and 30 h), with or without the addition of an enzymatic-bacterial inoculant, were analyzed as a split-plot completely randomized design with eight replications. Parameters of the rumen degradability test were analyzed using a split-plot completely randomized block design with four replications. There was no interaction between wilting times and inoculant application on pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), and aerobic stability of BRS capiaçu silage. Aerobic stability was reduced by 1.2 h for every 1-h increase in wilting time. Inoculant application reduced the pH values by 2.59% and extended the aerobic stability of the silage by 19 h. There was a significant interaction of wilting times and inoculant application on the levels of malic, succinic, lactic, and acetic acids. Inoculant application increased the contents of dry matter, ash, crude protein, insoluble neutral detergent fiber, and total carbohydrates by 3.63, 6.13, 7.73, 6.39, and 9.97% compared with non-inoculated silages, respectively. Wilting times for up to 30 h and application of enzymatic-bacterial inoculant improves the fermentative profile and chemical composition and reduces dry matter losses of silage of BRS capiaçu grass harvested at 100 days of regrowth.

https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5020200207 250 downloads

11.

Phytonematodes infesting common bean fields in Brazil, and pathogenicity tests with Pratylenchus brachyurus
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Bonfim Junior, Mauro Ferreira

; Inomoto, Mário Massayuki

; Araújo Filho, Jerônimo Vieira de

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico

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2021, Volume 88 elocation e00312020

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Phytonematodes are among the main pathogens of the common bean. In general, control practices that aim to control these pathogens have not been regularly adopted in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the occurrence of phytonematodes in dry bean fields in Paraná and São Paulo states and estimate the pathogenicity of Pratylenchus brachyurus to dry bean in glasshouse experiments. Root and soil were sampled for nematode extraction, identification and estimation of population density. Four glasshouse experiments with different initial population densities were carried out to evaluate the effect of P. brachyurus on the growth of dry bean plants. Six species of phytonematodes were detected, namely Helicotylenchus dihystera, P. brachyurus, Pratylenchus crenatus, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus sp. The spiral nematode H. dihystera was found in all samples and was the most abundant species in both states. The lesion nematode P. brachyurus was also frequent, reaching 94% in Paraná and 100% in São Paulo. The root-knot nematodes and Rotylenchulus sp. were reported only in São Paulo fields (45% and 18% frequency, respectively), and P. crenatus only in Paraná (12%). The most abundant nematode in the soil was H. dihystera, and in roots was P. crenatus. It was demonstrated that densities of 6.66 specimens of P. brachyurus per cm3 of soil provoke visible and measurable root decay. In conclusion, survey data showed low phytonematode densities and pathogenicity tests demonstrated that densities above 6.67 specimens of P. brachyurus per cm3 of soil cause damage to the dry bean roots.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000312020 1 downloads

12.

COVID-19: The question of genetic diversity and therapeutic intervention approaches
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Figueiredo, David Livingstone Alves

; Ximenez, João Paulo Bianchi

; Seiva, Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira

; Panis, Carolina

; Bezerra, Rafael dos Santos

; Ferrasa, Adriano

; Cecchini, Alessandra Lourenço

; Medeiros, Alexandra Ivo de

; Almeida, Ana Marisa Fusco

; Ramão, Anelisa

; Boldt, Angelica Beate Winter

; Moya, Carla Fredrichsen

; Chin, Chung Man

; Paula, Daniel de

; Rech, Daniel

; Gradia, Daniela Fiori

; Malheiros, Danielle

; Venturini, Danielle

; Tavares, Eliandro Reis

; Carraro, Emerson

; Ribeiro, Enilze Maria de Souza Fonseca

; Pereira, Evani Marques

; Tuon, Felipe Francisco

; Follador, Franciele Aní Caovilla

; Fernandes, Glaura Scantamburlo Alves

; Volpato, Hélito

; Cólus, Ilce Mara de Syllos

; Oliveira, Jaqueline Carvalho de

; Rodrigues, Jean Henrique da Silva

; Santos, Jean Leandro dos

; Visentainer, Jeane Eliete Laguila

; Brandi, Juliana Cristina

; Serpeloni, Juliana Mara

; Bonini, Juliana Sartori

; Oliveira, Karen Brajão de

; Fiorentin, Karine

; Lucio, Léia Carolina

; Faccin-Galhardi, Ligia Carla

; Ferreto, Lirane Elize Defante

; Lioni, Lucy Megumi Yamauchi

; Consolaro, Marcia Edilaine Lopes

; Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo

; Arbex, Marcos Abdo

; Pileggi, Marcos

; Watanabe, Maria Angelica Ehara

; Costa, Maria Antônia Ramos

; Giannini, Maria José S. Mendes

; Amarante, Marla Karine

; Khalil, Najeh Maissar

; Lima Neto, Quirino Alves de

; Herai, Roberto H.

; Guembarovski, Roberta Losi

; Shinsato, Rogério N.

; Mainardes, Rubiana Mara

; Giuliatti, Silvana

; Yamada-Ogatta, Sueli Fumie

; Gerber, Viviane Knuppel de Quadros

; Pavanelli, Wander Rogério

; Silva, Weber Claudio da

; Petzl-Erler, Maria Luiza

; Valente, Valeria

; Soares, Christiane Pienna

; Cavalli, Luciane Regina

; Silva Jr, Wilson Araujo

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2021, Volume 44 Nº 1 elocation e20200452

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the largest pandemic in modern history with very high infection rates and considerable mortality. The disease, which emerged in China’s Wuhan province, had its first reported case on December 29, 2019, and spread rapidly worldwide. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic and global health emergency. Since the outbreak, efforts to develop COVID-19 vaccines, engineer new drugs, and evaluate existing ones for drug repurposing have been intensively undertaken to find ways to control this pandemic. COVID-19 therapeutic strategies aim to impair molecular pathways involved in the virus entrance and replication or interfere in the patients’ overreaction and immunopathology. Moreover, nanotechnology could be an approach to boost the activity of new drugs. Several COVID-19 vaccine candidates have received emergency-use or full authorization in one or more countries, and others are being developed and tested. This review assesses the different strategies currently proposed to control COVID-19 and the issues or limitations imposed on some approaches by the human and viral genetic variability.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0452

13.

Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations: an instrument to observe the 21cm hydrogen line in the redshift range 0.13 < z < 0.45 – status update
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WUENSCHE, CARLOS A.

; ABDALLA, ELCIO

; ABDALLA, FILIPE

; BAROSI, LUCIANO

; WANG, BIN

; AN, RUI

; BARRETOS, JOÃO A. M.

; BATTYE, RICHARD

; BRITO, FRANCISCO A.

; BROWNE, IAN

; CORREIA, DANIEL

; COSTA, ANDRÉ A.

; DELABROUILLE, JACQUES

; DICKINSON, CLIVE

; FENG, CHANG

; FERREIRA, ELISA G. M.

; FORNAZIER, KARIN

; DE GASPERIS, GIANCARLO

; GUTIERREZ, PRISCILA

; HARPER, STUART

; LANDIM, RICARDO G.

; LICCARDO, VINCENZO

; MA, YIN-ZHE

; MACHADO, TELMO

; MAFFEI, BRUNO

; MARINS, ALESSANDRO

; MENDES, MILENA M. M.

; MERICIA, EDUARDO

; MONSTEIN, CHRISTIAN

; MOTTA, PABLO

; NOVAES, CAMILA

; OTOBONE, CARLOS H.

; PEEL, MICHAEL

; QUEIROZ, AMILCAR R.

; RADCLIFFE, CHRISTOPHER

; REMAZEILLES, MATHIEU

; RIBEIRO, RAFAEL M. G.

; SANG, YU

; SANTOS, JULIANA F. R.

; SANTOS, LARISSA

; SANTOS, MARCELO. V.

; SHAN, CHENXI

; SILVA, GUSTAVO B.

; VIEIRA, FREDERICO

; VIEIRA, JORDANY

; VILLELA, THYRSO

; XIAO, LINFENG

; YANG, WEIQIANG

; ZHANG, JIAJUN

; ZHANG, XUE

; ZHU, ZENGHAO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 elocation e20201096

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract BINGO (BAO from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations) is a unique radio telescope designed to map the intensity of neutral hydrogen distribution at cosmological distances, making the first detection of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) in the frequency band 980 MHz - 1260 MHz, corresponding to a redshift range 0.127 < z < 0.449. BAO is one of the most powerful probes of cosmological parameters and BINGO was designed to detect the BAO signal to a level that makes it possible to put new constraints on the equation of state of dark energy. The telescope will be built in Paraíba, Brazil and consists of two \thicksim 40m mirrors, a feedhorn array of 50 horns, and no moving parts, working as a drift-scan instrument. It will cover a 15 ^{\circ} ∘ declination strip centered at \sim \delta ∼ δ =-15 ^{\circ} ∘, mapping \sim ∼ 5400 square degrees in the sky. The BINGO consortium is led by University of São Paulo with co-leadership at National Institute for Space Research and Campina Grande Federal University (Brazil). Telescope subsystems have already been fabricated and tested, and the dish and structure fabrication are expected to start in late 2020, as well as the road and terrain preparation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201096 413 downloads

14.

Electric eels galore: microsatellite markers for population studies
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Souza-Shibatta, Lenice

; Ferreira, Dhiego G.

; Santos, Kátia F.

; Galindo, Bruno A.

; Shibatta, Oscar A.

; Sofia, Silvia H.

; Giacomin, Renata M.

; Bastos, Douglas A.

; Mendes-Júnior, Raimundo N. G.

; Santana, Carlos David de

Neotropical Ichthyology

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2020, Volume 18 Nº 4 elocation e200081

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Catorze novos loci microsatélites são descritos e caracterizados em duas espécies de poraquês, Electrophorus varii e E. voltai de planícies alagadas e rios da floresta amazônica. Esses loci são polimórficos, altamente informativos e têm a capacidade de detectar níveis confiáveis de diversidade genética. Da mesma forma, o alto valor de exclusão de paternidade combinado com a baixa probabilidade de identidade genética demonstra que o novo conjunto de loci exibe adequação para estudos de paternidade em poraquês. Além disso, a amplificação cruzada de espécies de peixes elétricos implica que também pode ser útil no estudo da espécie intimamente relacionada E. electricus, e de outras espécies de peixes elétricos neotropicais (Gymnotiformes).

Abstract Fourteen novel microsatellite loci are described and characterized in two species of electric eels, Electrophorus variiand E. voltaifrom floodplains and rivers of the Amazon rainforest. These loci are polymorphic, highly informative, and have the capacity to detect reliable levels of genetic diversity. Likewise, the high combined probability of paternity exclusion value and low combined probability of genetic identity value obtained demonstrate that the new set of loci displays suitability for paternity studies on electric eels. In addition, the cross-amplification of electric eel species implies that it may also be useful in the study of the closely related E. electricus, and to other Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) species as tested herein.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0081 1021 downloads

15.

H2S in periodontal immune-inflammatory response and bone loss: a study in rats
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Ana J. S., Niederauer

; Renan A. B., Guimarães

; Kepler L. S., Oliveira

; Adalberto R., Pires Jr

; Ana P. D., Demasi

; Heloísa H. A., Ferreira

; Marcelo, Sperandio

; Marcelo H., Napimoga

; Daiane C., Peruzzo

Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana

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Dez 2019, Volume 32 Nº 3 Páginas 164 - 171

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A halitose é altamente prevalente na periodontite e é atribuída principalmente à presença de compostos sulforosos voláteis (CSV), sendo o sulfeto de hidrogênio (H2S) o principal gás relacionado ao mau odor e que pode estar envolvido na patogênese da doença periodontal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito agudo, intermediário e crônico do H2S na resposta imunoinflamatória e na perda óssea alveolar em ratos, com e sem doença periodontal induzida. Trinta e seis ratos foram divididos em 2 grupos: teste (n = 18), ratos expostos ao H2S (NaHS molécula doadora de H2S) e grupo controle (n = 18), ratos tratados apenas com solução salina (Ctrl). Todos os animais tiveram um dos seus segundos molares inferiores submetidos à colocação de uma ligadura para o desenvolvimento da doença periodontal (DP), em comparação com o dente contralateral saudável (H). Cada grupo foi subdividido em 3 (n = 6), de acordo com o tempo de eutanásia (3h, 5 dias e 14 dias). Os tecidos gengivais foram utilizados para a análise da expressão gênica (IL1, IL6, RANKL, OPG e SOFAT) por PCR em tempo real e as mandíbulas foram analisadas morfometricamente. Análise dos dados demonstrou que a ligadura promoveu perda óssea alveolar, observada principalmente aos 14 dias, tanto no grupo exposto ao H2S quanto no grupo Ctrl. A administração de H2S não resultou em perda óssea adicional. A expressão gênica demonstrou aumento significativo de IL1, IL6, RANKL e SOFAT apenas no grupo CtrlPD (p <0,05). Uma significativa regulação negativa na expressão de OPG foi observada ao longo do tempo no grupo CtrlPD (p <0,05). Podese concluir que o H2S não teve efeito adicional na perda óssea alveolar, na ausência de ligadura. Entretanto, na presença de ligadura, a exposição ao H2S teve um efeito imunorregulatório na expressão de citocinas próinflamatórias e próreabsortivas.

ABSTRACT Halitosis is highly prevalent in periodontitis and attributed mainly to the presence of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC), where hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the chief culprit in the characteristic malodor of periodontitis and thus may play an active role in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of H2S in the acute, intermediate and chronic immuneinflammatory host response and alveolar bone loss in vivo by using an animal model of induced periodontal disease. Thirtysix rats were divided into 2 groups: test group (n = 18), rats exposed to H2S (NaHS H2S donor molecule) and control group (n = 18), rats treated with saline only (Ctrl). All animals had one of their lower second molars ligated to induce periodontal disease (PD). The sound contralateral molar was used as control (H). Each group was subdivided into 3 (n = 6), according to followup time (3h, 5 days and 14 days). The gingival tissue was used for mRNA expression analysis (IL1, IL6, RANKL, OPG and SOFAT) by realtime PCR and the mandibles were analyzed morphometrically. Data analysis showed that the ligature promoted alveolar bone loss, observed mainly at 14 days, both in the group exposed to H2S and in the Ctrl group. H2S administration did not result in additional bone loss. Gene expression showed a significant increase in IL1, IL6, RANKL and SOFAT only in the CtrlPD group (p<0.05). A significant downregulation in OPG expression was observed over time in the CtrlPD group (p<0.05). In conclusion, H2S had no effect on alveolar bone loss in the absence of a ligature. In the presence of a ligature, however, exposure to H2S had an immunoregulatory effect on the expression of proinflammatory and proresorptive cytokines.

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