ABSTRACT The objectives were to evaluate the effects of monensin and virginiamycin, alone or combined, on supplemented Nellore cattle grazing tropical grass during the rainy season. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously to evaluate intake, digestibility, CH4 emissions, blood parameters, performance, and carcass characteristics (Exp. 1), and ruminal fermentation and relative abundance of ruminal microorganisms (Exp. 2). Animals (n = 92 Exp. 1 and n = 12 Exp. 2) were distributed in a completely randomized design and allocated in twelve paddocks composed of Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Xaraés. A protein-energetic supplementation of 3 g/kg of BW per day was provided to all animals. Supplements were: without additives (WA), monensin alone at 80 mg/kg of product (MN), virginiamycin alone at 150 mg/kg of product (VM), and monensin (80 mg/kg of product) combined with virginiamycin (150 mg/kg of product; MNVM). Treatments did not affect intakes of total dry matter (DM), supplement DM, and nutrients. However, the intakes of forage DM and crude protein decreased in cattle fed MNVM compared with animals fed WA, MN, and VM. Total volatile fatty acids increased in animals fed VM. Ruminal NH3-N decreased, and pH increased in animals fed MN, VM, and MNVM. Relative abundance of total F. succinogenes and S. ruminantium decreased and R. flavefaciens increased in animals fed MN and VM at d 118. Treatments had no effect on enteric CH4 emissions. The average daily gain (ADG) and total gain were greater in cattle fed MNVM than in cattle fed MN. Combination of monensin and virginiamycin altered the rumen microbial populations but did not decrease enteric CH4 emissions. However, it decreased forage dry matter intake without altering the ADG and total weight gain, leading to an increase in feed efficiency. Results from this study indicate an advantage in including feed additives combined in the diet of supplemented Nellore cattle grazing tropical grass during the rainy season.

Abstract Natural products have emerged as a rich source of bioactive compounds for adjunctive treatments of many infectious and inflammatory conditions, including periodontitis. Among the monoterpenes with significant biological properties, there is the perillyl alcohol (POH), which can be found in several essential oils and has shown immunomodulatory properties in recent studies, which may be interesting in the treatment of non-neoplastic inflammatory disorders. Objective To determine the antibacterial and immune modulatory activities of the POH. Methodology The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the POH for two significant Gram-negative periodontal pathogens were determined by macrodilution and subculture, respectively. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages were determined by Trypan Blue and mitochondrial enzymatic activity assay. The modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by flow cytometry and expression of TNF and arginase-1 by real-time PCR. Results The POH was effective against P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277) and F. nucleatum (ATCC 25586) with MIC= MBC=1600 μM. No cytotoxicity up to 100 µM was observed on macrophages. The cell proliferation was inhibited from 48 hours at 100 μM (p<0.05) and 250 μM (p<0.01). The POH increased ROS production at both 10 μM and 100 μM (p<0.05) in unstimulated cells. The PMA-induced ROS production was not affected by POH, whereas 100 μM significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS-induced) ROS. The expression of TNF was not affected by POH in unstimulated cells or in cells polarized to M1 phenotype, whereas both concentrations of POH reduced (p<0.05) the expression of arginase-1 in M2-polarized macrophages. Conclusion The POH has antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens and reduced proliferation of murine macrophages without significant cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 100 μM. In addition, the POH reduced the LPS-induced ROS and the expression of arginase-1 in M2-polarized macrophages.

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar a adequação da assistência pré-natal em Casa de Parto e as causas associadas com as transferências maternas e dos recém-nascidos para o hospital. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal dos atendimentos da única Casa de Parto, de 2009 a 2014, no Rio de Janeiro. As análises estatísticas foram pelo Teste χ2 e Razão de Prevalência (RP). RESULTADO A assistência pré-natal adequada predominou (42,8%) e não houve associação (p=0,55) com as transferências. A transferência materna é causada pela bolsa amniótica rota (RP= 2,09; IC 95% 1,62-2,70) e batimentos cardíacos fetais alterados (RP= 3,06; IC 95% 2,13-4,39). As transferências do recém-nascido estão associadas com a presença de mecônio no líquido amniótico (RP= 2,40; IC 95% 1,30 - 4,43); Apgar abaixo de 7 (RP= 5,33; IC 95% 2,65-10,73) e assistência ventilatória ao nascer (RP= 9,41; IC 95% 5,52-16,04). CONCLUSÃO As intercorrências na assistência intraparto são as causas associadas com as transferências.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the adequacy of prenatal care in a Birth Center and the causes associated with maternal and newborn transfers to the hospital. METHODS Cross-sectional study of the care provided at the only Birth Center in Rio de Janeiro, from 2009 to 2014. Statistical analyzes were based on the χ2 test and Prevalence Ratio (PR). RESULTS Suitable prenatal care was predominant (42.8%) and there was no association (p = 0.55) with the transfers. Maternal transfer is caused by the ruptured amniotic sac (PR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.62-2.70) and altered fetal heart rates (PR = 3.06, 95% CI, 2.13-4.39). Newborn transfers are associated with the presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid (PR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.30-4.43); Apgar below 7 (PR = 5.33, 95% CI 2.65-10.73); and ventilatory assistance at birth (PR = 9.41, 95% CI 5.52-16.04). CONCLUSION Complications during intrapartum care are the causes associated with transfers.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar la adecuación de la asistencia prenatal en Casa de Parto y las causas asociadas con las transferencias maternas y de los recién nacidos para al hospital. MÉTODOS Investigación transversal de los atendimientos de la única Casa de Parto, de 2009 a 2014, en Río de Janeiro. Los análisis estadísticos fueron por el Test χ2 y Razón de Prevalencia (RP). RESULTADO La asistencia prenatal adecuada predominó (42,8%) y no hubo asociación (p = 0,55) con las transferencias. La transferencia materna es causada por la bolsa amniótica ruta (RP = 2,09, IC 95% 1,62-2,70) y batimientos cardíacos fetales alterados (RP = 3,06, IC 95% 2,13-4,39). Las transferencias del recién nacido se asocian con la presencia de meconio en el líquido amniótico (RP = 2,40; IC 95% 1,30 - 4,43); Apgar abajo de 7 (RP= 5,33; IC 95% 2,65-10,73) y asistencia ventilatoria al nacer (RP=9,41; IC 95% 5,52-16,04). CONCLUSIONES Las intercurrencias en la asistencia intraparto son las causas asociadas con las transferencias.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the adequacy of prenatal care in a Birth Center and the causes associated with maternal and newborn transfers to the hospital. METHODS Cross-sectional study of the care provided at the only Birth Center in Rio de Janeiro, from 2009 to 2014. Statistical analyzes were based on the χ2 test and Prevalence Ratio (PR). RESULTS Suitable prenatal care was predominant (42.8%) and there was no association (p = 0.55) with the transfers. Maternal transfer is caused by the ruptured amniotic sac (PR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.62-2.70) and altered fetal heart rates (PR = 3.06, 95% CI, 2.13-4.39). Newborn transfers are associated with the presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid (PR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.30-4.43); Apgar below 7 (PR = 5.33, 95% CI 2.65-10.73); and ventilatory assistance at birth (PR = 9.41, 95% CI 5.52-16.04). CONCLUSION Complications during intrapartum care are the causes associated with transfers.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar la adecuación de la asistencia prenatal en Casa de Parto y las causas asociadas con las transferencias maternas y de los recién nacidos para al hospital. MÉTODOS Investigación transversal de los atendimientos de la única Casa de Parto, de 2009 a 2014, en Río de Janeiro. Los análisis estadísticos fueron por el Test χ2 y Razón de Prevalencia (RP). RESULTADO La asistencia prenatal adecuada predominó (42,8%) y no hubo asociación (p = 0,55) con las transferencias. La transferencia materna es causada por la bolsa amniótica ruta (RP = 2,09, IC 95% 1,62-2,70) y batimientos cardíacos fetales alterados (RP = 3,06, IC 95% 2,13-4,39). Las transferencias del recién nacido se asocian con la presencia de meconio en el líquido amniótico (RP = 2,40; IC 95% 1,30 - 4,43); Apgar abajo de 7 (RP= 5,33; IC 95% 2,65-10,73) y asistencia ventilatoria al nacer (RP=9,41; IC 95% 5,52-16,04). CONCLUSIONES Las intercurrencias en la asistencia intraparto son las causas asociadas con las transferencias.

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar a adequação da assistência pré-natal em Casa de Parto e as causas associadas com as transferências maternas e dos recém-nascidos para o hospital. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal dos atendimentos da única Casa de Parto, de 2009 a 2014, no Rio de Janeiro. As análises estatísticas foram pelo Teste χ2 e Razão de Prevalência (RP). RESULTADO A assistência pré-natal adequada predominou (42,8%) e não houve associação (p=0,55) com as transferências. A transferência materna é causada pela bolsa amniótica rota (RP= 2,09; IC 95% 1,62-2,70) e batimentos cardíacos fetais alterados (RP= 3,06; IC 95% 2,13-4,39). As transferências do recém-nascido estão associadas com a presença de mecônio no líquido amniótico (RP= 2,40; IC 95% 1,30 - 4,43); Apgar abaixo de 7 (RP= 5,33; IC 95% 2,65-10,73) e assistência ventilatória ao nascer (RP= 9,41; IC 95% 5,52-16,04). CONCLUSÃO As intercorrências na assistência intraparto são as causas associadas com as transferências.

RESUMO: O caráter stay-green tem sido relacionado à maior tolerância a estresses e a produtividade pela manutenção mais prolongada do aparato fotossintético. A relação deste caráter com a produtividade de grãos talvez esteja associada a uma rede de características que não somente a massa de grãos. O objetivo do estudo é trazer à luz a real contribuição do caráter stay-green em trigos brasileiros, na relação entre os caracteres definidores da produtividade de grãos, em diferentes condições de ambiente. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com três repetições, nos anos de 2003, 2004 e 2005. Foram avaliadas linhagens-irmãs com presença e ausência do caráter stay-green, analisando a correlação fenotípica e trilha separadamente por ano e grupo de maturação. Em condições favoráveis de cultivo, a contribuição do caráter stay-green em trigo se dá pelo aumento da fertilidade de espiga, incrementando o número de grãos. Num cenário mais restritivo, favorece a massa de grãos pelo maior tempo de enchimento no final do ciclo.

ABSTRACT: The stay-green character has been related to greater stress tolerance and yield through longer activity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Association of this character with grain yield may be linked to a network of features other than the grain mass. This study aimed to shed light on the actual contribution of stay-green character in Brazilian wheats and the associations between grain yield components in different environmental conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications in the years 2003, 2004 and 2005. Sibling lines with and without the stay-green character were evaluated analyzing the phenotypic correlation and path analysis separately by year and maturity group. Under favorable growing conditions, the contribution of stay-green character in wheat is obtained by the increased ear fertility and number of grains. In a more restrictive scenario, it favors an increase in grain mass by longer filling time at the end of the cycle.

ABSTRACT O incremento do potencial produtivo nas novas variedades de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) tem sido um dos principais desafios para o melhoramento genético. A geração de mutantes, seguida da sua caracterização, constitui-se em uma ótima possibilidade para isolar e selecionar genes e genótipos que apresentem caracteres agronômicos de interesse. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do mutagênico químico etilmetanossulfonato (EMS) sobre caracteres agronômicos em 340 famílias M3 de arroz, derivadas da cultivar BRS Querência. As sementes de cada família e da testemunha BRS Querência foram semeadas a campo e posteriormente avaliadas para os caracteres comprimento da panícula principal, peso da panícula principal, massa de grãos da panícula principal, largura da folha bandeira e estatura de planta. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (p ≤ 0,05), e a comparação entre as médias foi realizada pelo teste de Dunnett a 5% de significância. Os resultados obtidos mostram que existe variabilidade genética entre as famílias mutantes de arroz e que a indução de mutação com EMS a 1,5% é eficiente na geração de mutantes de arroz para todos os caracteres avaliados. Dentre esses, a estatura das plantas foi a mais afetada pelo agente mutagênico, o qual proporcionou o incremento do caráter. Para o caráter comprimento da panícula principal, sete famílias obtiveram médias superiores à testemunha; já para os caracteres peso e massa de grãos da panícula principal, foram observadas quatro e seis famílias mutantes, respectivamente, com desempenho superior ao da testemunha.

ABSTRACT The increase of yield potential in new rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties has been a major challenge for genetic improvement. The generation of mutants, followed by their characterization, constitutes a great possibility to isolate and select genes and genotypes that present agronomic traits of interest. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chemical mutagen ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) on agronomic traits in 340 M3 families of rice derived from BRS Querência cultivar. Seeds from each family and the original genotype BRS Querência were sown in the experimental field, and the characters main panicle length, main panicle weight, main panicle grain weight, flag leaf width and plant height were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05), and a comparison of means was carried out by Dunnett's test at 5% significance. The results show that there is genetic variability among the mutant families, suggesting that the mutagen EMS at 1.5% is effective for generating mutants for all assessed traits. Among the characters, plant height was the most affected by the mutagen, which provided an increase in the character. For the main panicle length character, seven families showed means above the control; for main panicle weight and grain weight, four and six mutant families were observed, respectively, with a superior performance in comparison to the control.

A síndrome pulmonar e cardiovascular por hantavírus é doença causada pela aspiração de aerossóis dos dejetos de roedores silvestres contaminados por vírus da família Bunyaviridae. Estudamos manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais de 70 casos ocorridos de 1998 a 2007 na região de Ribeirão Preto, SP. A freqüência de sintomas foi dispnéia (87%), febre (81%), tosse (44%), cefaléia (34%), taquicardia (81%), hipotensão arterial (56%), hipóxia (49%), acidose metabólica (57%), linfocitopenia (51%), hematócrito >45% (70%), leucocitose com desvio à esquerda (67%), creatinina (51%) e uréia (42%) séricas elevadas. A letalidade (54,3%) ocorreu principalmente no 4o dia. Insuficiência respiratória, hipotensão arterial e choque ocorreu 24-48 horas; o hematócrito elevado e a plaquetopenia são sinais fortemente sugestivos da doença. A hipótese diagnóstica de pneumonia atípica associada a bom prognóstico (p:0,0136); a infusão hídrica >2.000ml e hipotensão arterial associadas a mau prognóstico (p:0,0286 e p:0,0453).

Pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome due to hantavirus is a disease caused by inhalation of aerosols from the excreta of wild rodents contaminated by viruses of the Bunyaviridae family. We studied the clinical and laboratory manifestations of 70 cases that occurred in the region of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, between 1998 and 2007. The frequency of symptoms was as follows: dyspnea (87%), fever (81%), coughing (44%), headache (34%), tachycardia (81%), low arterial blood pressure (56%), metabolic acidosis (57%), lymphocytopenia (51%), hematocrit > 45% (70%), leukocytosis with left deviation (67%), creatinine (51%) and urea (42%). Mortality (54.3%) occurred mainly on the fourth day. Respiratory insufficiency, low arterial blood pressure and shock occurred after 24 to 48 hours. High hematocrit and decreased platelet levels were signs strongly suggestive of the disease. The diagnostic hypothesis of atypical pneumonia was associated with a good prognosis (p = 0.0136). Fluid infusion greater than 2,000 ml and arterial hypotension were associated with a poor prognosis (p = 0.0286 and p = 0.0453).