Os sedimentos do rio Belém foram removidos, e a destinação incorreta deles pode provocar impactos ambientais e custos adicionais ao município. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alternativas de destinação e uso de sedimentos removidos em desassoreamento do rio Belém em área urbana, com base na legislação ambiental brasileira. As avaliações de destinação, ou de uso ou de ambos, foram feitas a partir de uma avaliação química preliminar de contaminantes inorgânicos (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Ag e Zn) e hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) relacionada às atividades produtivas da região de contribuição do rio Belém. A avaliação das possíveis destinações e, ou, do uso do sedimento seguiu as normas e legislações ambientais brasileiras para diferentes matrizes, o que revelou ser complexa. Uma quantidade substancial de sedimentos pode ser usada para fins úteis, como solo, material de recuperação de áreas contaminadas, material de preenchimento de obras civis. Padrões ambientais específicos devem ser elaborados para discriminar usos e, ou, destinações de acordo com o desenvolvimento científico. Um protocolo de gerenciamento foi proposto, de forma a ser utilizado em futuras obras de desassoreamento.

Sediments were removed from the Belem River, and their uncertain destination may cause environmental damage and additional costs to the municipality. The aim of this study was to simulate the possibility of using an alternative allocation of the sediments based on Brazilian environmental law. The evaluation of destination and/or use was made from a preliminary chemical evaluation of inorganic contaminants (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Ag, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) related to productive activities in the region. Assessment of possible allocations and/or use of the sediment were based on consultation of Brazilian environmental standards and laws for different matrices, which proved to be complex. This study revealed that a substantial amount of sediment can be used for useful purposes such as soil, material for recovery of contaminated areas, and fill material for civil works projects. Specific environmental standards must be prepared to discriminate uses and/or allocations according to the evolution of technical and scientific bases. A management protocol was proposed for use in future dredging projects, which may also be used in other municipalities.

Generalized Nash equilibrium problems have become very important as a modeling tool during the last decades. The aim of this survey paper is twofold. It summarizes recent advances in the research on computational methods for generalized Nash equilibrium problems and points out current challenges. The focus of this survey is on algorithms and their convergence properties. Therefore, we also present reformulations of the generalized Nash equilibrium problem, results on error bounds and properties of the solution set of the equilibrium problems.

Lâmpadas fluorescentes (LF) contêm mercúrio em sua composição, um metal pesado que pode causar danos à saúde e ao meio ambiente. As LF são amplamente consumidas no Brasil, porém o descarte correto de LF usadas não é amplamente divulgado e os índices de reciclagem são baixos. O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar a relevância do descarte adequado, avaliar as tecnologias de reciclagem e a destinação dos materiais, por meio de estudo comparativo entre Brasil e Alemanha. Através de visitas a recicladoras e análise das tecnologias adotadas nos dois países, foi verificado que no Brasil o vidro é destinado à indústria de cerâmica, enquanto que na Alemanha é destinado à fabricação de tubos para LF. Além disso, foi observado que o mercúrio apresenta diversas possibilidades de uso. Um ponto a ser explorado nos dois países, e de grande potencial para reciclagem, é a recuperação de terras raras do pó fosfórico presente nas LF. Tanto Brasil como Alemanha possuem oportunidades de melhoria na logística reversa de LF, por meio da qual se torna possível elevar os índices de reciclagem e reduzir os impactos ambientais causados pelo descarte inadequado de LF usadas.

Fluorescent lamps (FL) contain mercury in their composition, a heavy metal that can be a health hazard and damage the environment. The FL are widely consumed in Brazil, although the right disposal of FL is not well known and the recycling rate is low. This study objective is to demonstrate the importance of proper disposal and to evaluate recycling technologies and material destination through a comparative study between Brazil and Germany. In visits to recycling companies in both countries and analyzing the used technologies, it was verified that in Brazil the glass is sent to ceramics industry, while in Germany it is mainly sent for the manufacture of FL tubes. Also, the mercury has several applications. A point to be explored in both countries, with great recycling potential, is the recovery of the rare earth from phosphoric powder from FL. Both Brazil and Germany have improvement opportunities in the reverse logistics of FL, through which it becomes possible to increase recycling rates and reduce the environmental impact caused by the inappropriate disposal of used FL.

Objective: To describe clinical characteristics and lung function tests in children with Bronchiolitis Obliterans (B0). Methods: We studied clinical findings by questionnaires, lung function by spirometry and walking test, following published ATS standards. Results: Nineteen patients were studied (7-15 y.o), 73% boys. Ten (53%) had cough, 9 (48%) wheezing, 8 (42‰) bronchial secretions and 26% shortness of breath. Wheezing after exercise was found in 47% of cases. On physical exam we found wheezing in 95% cases, crackles in 90% and digital clubbing in 21%. Spirometry findings were obstructive pattern in 14 cases, and only in 5 patients we found a significant response to bronchodilator. On walking test, total distance was 90-705 m (552 ± 30 m). Oxygen saturation during exercise was 83-99%. We found a drop in SaO2 greater than 4% in 7 patients (37%). Conclusions: A majority of our patients with Bronchiolitis Obliterans had clinical and functional findings that showed a significant obstructive pattem with symptoms, after exercise

Objetivo: Describir el cuadro clínico y funcional de niños con bronquiolitis obliterante (BO). Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal en niños con BO. Datos clínicos obtenidos por cuestionarios. Espirometría y test de caminata siguiendo las normas de la ATS. Resultados: Estudiamos 19 pacientes, 7 a 15 años, 73,7%. Diez (53%) presentaban tos, 9 (48%) sibilancias, 8 (42%) espectoración y 26% "dificultad para respirar". Sibilancias post-ejercicio, 47%, 40% dificultad para realizar ejercicio. Examen físico: Sibilancias 95%, crepitaciones 90% e hipocratismo digital 21%. En la espirometría se encontró alteración ventilatoria obstructiva en 14 pacientes y sólo en 5 hubo respuesta al broncodilatador. En el test de caminata, la distancia recorrida fue de 90 a 705 mts (media 552 ± 30 m). La saturación durante ejercicio fue de 83 a 99%. La caída en la saturación mayor a 4% se presentó en 7 pacientes (37%). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los niños con BO presenta un cuadro clínico y funcional de enfermedad obstructiva y limitaciones al ejercicio