Resumen El objetivo fue determinar la DL50 y RC50 e inducir variación morfológica en la variedad de jamaica UAN-8 mediante rayos gamma para seleccionar plantas mutantes de interés agronómico en la generación M2. Las dosis de radiación utilizadas fueron: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 y 1 000 Gy. Los experimentos se realizaron bajo condiciones de invernadero y campo en Río Grande, Villa de Tututepec, Oaxaca, durante el año 2018. Se utilizó el diseño experimental bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. En M1, se evaluó la emergencia de plántula, supervivencia, altura y porcentaje de plantas con semilla. En M2, se registró la variación morfológica y se seleccionaron plantas mutantes. Los datos de supervivencia y altura de planta se analizaron mediante una regresión no lineal para determinar la dosis letal y reductiva media (DL50 y RC50). La DL50 y RC50 se encontró a 395.48 y 453.2 Gy, respectivamente. Las semillas M2 de dicha variedad produjeron plantas con variabilidad morfológica en dosis desde 100 hasta 300 Gy. De estas plantas fue posible identificar seis genotipos mutantes promisorios. El genotipo identificado como S7 L13 presentó características morfológicas deseables como mayor número de cálices rojo por planta y pubescencia ausente o muy débil, comparado con las plantas del genotipo parental.

Abstract The objective was to determine the LD50 and RC50 and induce morphological variation in the roselle variety UAN-8 by gamma rays to select mutant plants of agronomic interest in the M2 generation. The radiation doses used were: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1 000 Gy. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse and field conditions in Río Grande, Villa de Tututepec, Oaxaca, in 2018. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four repetitions. In M1, seedling emergence, survival, height and percentage of plants were evaluated. In M2, morphological variation was recorded, and mutant plants were selected. Plant survival and height data were analyzed using nonlinear regression to determine the median lethal and reductive doses (LD50 and RC50). The LD50 and RC50 were found at 395.48 and 453.2 Gy, respectively. The M2 seeds of this variety produced plants with morphological variability in doses from 100 to 300 Gy. From these plants, it was possible to identify six promising mutant genotypes. The genotype identified as S7 L13 presented desirable morphological characteristics such as a higher number of red calyces per plant and absent or very weak pubescence, compared to the plants of the parental genotype.

RESUMEN Estudios recientes han planteado que el curso clínico puede ser crítico en niños debido a la naturaleza multifacética de la enfermedad. El Síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico asociado a SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C), cursa con daño multisistémico, con predominio de afectación cardíaca que compromete la vida del paciente pediátrico. Objetivo. Identificar las principales alteraciones cardíacas por Síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico asociado a SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes pediátricos. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática mediante una búsqueda informativa en bases de datos. Se incluyeron estudios recientes publicados desde el año 2019 hasta el año 2022 que informaron acerca de las manifestaciones por afectación cardíaca, tratamiento en pacientes con alteración cardíaca por MIS-C y factores de riesgo asociados a MIS-C grave. Conclusiones. Las principales alteraciones cardiacas por síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico asociado a SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes pediátricos mostraron que las patologías más comunes fueron shock, arritmias cardíacas, derrame pericárdico, dilatación de las arterias coronarias y miocarditis aguda, por ende, las comorbilidades cardíacas son muy frecuentes en niños con MIS-C, donde, la afectación cardíaca y sistémica juega un papel muy importantes en el desarrollo de disfunción ventricular, miocarditis, anomalías de las arterias coronarias, arritmias y alteraciones del ritmo consideradas entres las más comunes.

RESUMO Estudos recentes sugerem que o curso clínico pode ser crítico em crianças devido à natureza multifacetada da doença. A Síndrome Inflamatória multissistêmica associada ao SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C) apresenta danos multissistêmicos, com predominância de acometimento cardíaco que compromete a vida do paciente pediátrico. Objetivo. Identificar as principais alterações cardíacas decorrentes da Síndrome Inflamatória multissistêmica associada ao SARS-CoV-2 em pacientes pediátricos. Metodologia. Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada por meio de uma pesquisa informativa em bancos de dados. Foram incluídos estudos recentes publicados de 2019 a 2022 que relataram manifestações devido ao envolvimento cardíaco, tratamento em pacientes com comprometimento cardíaco devido a MIS-C e fatores de risco associados a MIS-C grave. Conclusões. As principais alterações cardíacas devido à síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica associada ao SARS-CoV-2 em pacientes pediátricos mostraram que as patologias mais comuns foram choque, arritmias cardíacas, derrame pericárdico, dilatação das artérias coronárias e miocardite aguda, portanto, as comorbidades cardíacas são muito altas Frequente em crianças com MIS-C, onde o envolvimento cardíaco e sistêmico desempenha um papel muito importante no desenvolvimento de disfunção ventricular, miocardite, anomalias das artérias coronárias, arritmias e distúrbios do ritmo considerados entre os mais comuns.

ABSTRACT Recent studies have suggested that the clinical course may be critical in children due to the multifaceted nature of the disease. The Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C) presents with multisystem damage, with a predominance of cardiac involvement that compromises the life of the pediatric patient. Objetive. To identify the main cardiac alterations due to Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients. Methodology. A systematic review was carried out through an informative search in databases. Recent studies published from 2019 to 2022 that reported on manifestations due to cardiac involvement, treatment in patients with cardiac impairment due to MIS-C, and risk factors associated with severe MIS-C were included. Conclusions. The main cardiac alterations due to multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients showed that the most common pathologies were shock, cardiac arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, dilation of the coronary arteries and acute myocarditis, therefore, cardiac comorbidities are very high. Frequent in children with MIS-C, where cardiac and systemic involvement play a very important role in the development of ventricular dysfunction, myocarditis, coronary artery anomalies, arrhythmias, and rhythm disturbances considered among the most common.

RESUMEN La productividad agrícola del estado de Nayarit ha disminuido desde 1998. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar la zonificación agroclimática del estado y determinar los cultivos que se pueden producir con mayores beneficios, según el sistema de clasificación climática de Papadakis. Para ello, se utilizaron características hídricas y térmicas, e índices derivados de valores meteorológicos de 25 estaciones climatológicas que limitan la distribución geográfica de los cultivos. Los grupos climáticos establecidos fueron tres: tropical, subtropical y tierra fría con cuatro, tres y dos subgrupos cada uno, respectivamente. Los dos primeros favorecen los cultivos de cereales de invierno como avena (Avena sativa L.), cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.), centeno (Secale cereale L.) y trigo (Triticum aestivum L.); y de verano como arroz (Oryza sativa L.), maíz (Zea mays L.), mijo (Panicum italicum L.) y sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), además de banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.), cítricos y papa (Solanum tuberosum L.). En el grupo climático de tierra fría, se encontraron maíz y papa. Con base en el método Papadakis, para cada subgrupo climático identificado se indicaron los cuidados necesarios para obtener buenos rendimientos (tipo de cultivo; épocas de siembra; aplicación de riego, fertilizantes y agroquímicos) y para evitar problemas fitosanitarios y de almacenamiento después de la cosecha. El mapa de zonificación agroclimática se generó con el método de interpolación de la distancia inversa ponderada. Este estudio puede ser la base para planificar con éxito los cultivos en la región y mejorar la economía del estado.

ABSTRACT Agriculture productivity in the state of Nayarit has decreased since 1998. The aim of this study was to undertake the agroclimatic zoning across the state in order to determine the type of crops more convenient to render the highest yields, based on the Papadakis climate classification system. Hydric and thermal characteristics pertaining to the geographic distribution of crops were used, as well as indexes derived from meteorological data provided by 25 climate stations. There were three climatic groups identified: tropical, subtropical and cold land, having four, three and two subgroups each, respectively. The first two climatic groups support winter cereals such as oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); and summer cereals such as corn (Zea mays L.), millet (Panicum italicum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), in addition to banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), citrus, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.). On the other hand, corn and potato were found in the cold land climatic group. Based on the methodology of Papadakis, for each climatic sub-group identified, a set of recommendation managements were given to improve yields (crop type, sowing season, irrigation, fertilizing and other agrochemicals application) and to avoid crop damage. An agroclimatic-zoning map was generated by using the inverse distance weighted interpolation method. This study may contribute to the successful planning of crops across the region and thus to improve the state’s economy.

Abstract Mutisia L. f. (Mutisiinae, Mutisieae, Mutisioideae, Asteraceae) is a South American genus that contains several medicinal species. Mutisia acuminata Ruiz & Pav. and M. orbignyana Wedd. are known sources of the 12-dihydroxy-5-methylcoumestan and 5-methylcoumarin-4-glucoside respectively. The 12-dihydroxy-5-methylcoumestan exhibited notable antihepatotoxic activity in a previous study. In the present work, 5-methylcoumarin-4-glucoside and 12-dihydroxy-5-methylcoumestan were isolated from a Peruvian collection of M. orbignyana. Additionally, the relative concentrations of those two isolated compounds in six Peruvian species of Mutisia (M. acuminata, M. cochabambensis Hieron., M. lanata Ruiz & Pav., M. orbignyana, M. venusta S.F. Blake and M. wurdackii Cabrera) were determined by an HPLC method. The highest concentrations of both constituents were observed in the sample of M. orbignyana.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic capacity of the neutrophil-lymphocyte index (NLR) to establish the diagnosis of complicated acute appendicitis in a national Peruvian hospital. Material and Method: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study, diagnostic test type. The sample size was 333 patients with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis, being 207 patients with complicated acute appendicitis and 126 patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis. A binary logistic regression model was used to generate a COR curve and estimate the operating characteristics of the Lymphocyte Neutrophil Index for complicated acute appendicitis, as well as the post-test probability for positive and negative cases. Results: The INL COR curve presented an AUC of 64.4% (95% CI 58.3% - 70.5%) with a P-value < 0.05. The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of complicated acute appendicitis were 69.08%, 61.11%, respectively, in turn, the post-test probability for positive and negative cases was 63% (58 - 68%) and 33% (27%) - 39%) respectively. Conclusion: The INL has adequate precision for the diagnosis of complicated acute appendicitis, as well as significant variations in the post-test probability when the cases are positive or negative.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad diagnóstica del índice neutrófilo-linfocito (INL) para establecer el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda complicada en un hospital de referencia nacional del Perú. Material y Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, de tipo prueba diagnóstica. El tamaño muestral fue de 333 pacientes con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda, siendo 207 pacientes con apendicitis aguda complicada y 126 pacientes con apendicitis aguda no complicada. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística binario para generar una curva COR y estimar las características operativas del Índice neutrófilo linfocito para la apendicitis aguda complicada, así como la probabilidad posprueba para casos positivos y negativos. Resultados: La curva COR del INL presento un AUC de 64,4% (IC 95% 58,3% - 70,5%) con un P-valor < 0,05. La sensibilidad y especificidad para el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda complicada fueron de 69,08%, 61,11%, respectivamente, a su vez, la probabilidad posprueba para casos positivos y negativos fue de 63% (58 - 68%) y 33% (27% - 39%) respectivamente. Conclusión: El INL posee precisión adecuada para el diagnóstico de la apendicitis aguda complicada, así como variaciones significativas en la probabilidad posprueba cuando los casos son positivos o negativos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Actinoporins (AP) are pore-forming proteins (PFPs) that readily bind to membranes leading to cell death. Sticholysins I and II (St, StI/II) are among the most potent AP described in nature. This proposal aimed to characterize the influence of lipid composition and dynamic properties of membranes on binding and pore-formation by StI/II and nigrelysin (Ngr), a novel AP here described. Methods: Binding and pore-formation were studied using model membranes such as liposomes and lipidic monolayers combined with fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopic techniques. Results and Discussion: St and Ngr bind and preferentially permeabilize membranes containing sphingomyelin (SM) over phosphatidylcholine (PC). This is explained by the presence of the PC phosphocholine unit plus a ceramide moiety (Cer) in SM. StI also recognizes Cer and gangliosides although to a lesser extent. In terms of dynamic properties, StI penetrates preferentially membranes with high lateral mobility and moderately enriched in SM. Also, StI permeabilizes more efficiently membranes containing sterols, in addition to SM. The appearance of borders resulting from lipidic domains coexistence is not a determining factor for binding or activity in membranes. Indeed, the activity is enhanced by membrane molecular heterogeneity beyond the presence of lipidic domains. As a conclusion these studies explain the relevance of SM and sterols for St, Ngr, and by extension, to APs binding to membrane and explain the contribution of other Cer-based lipids to their activity. In dynamic terms, a highly fluid phase, and moderately enriched in SM and sterols, is an ideal platform for the formation of pores in the membrane for AP.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las actinoporinas (AP) son proteínas formadoras de poro (PFP) que se asocian a membranas conduciendo a la muerte celular. Sticholysinas I y II (St, StI/II) se encuentran entre las AP más potentes descritas en la naturaleza. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la influencia de la composición lipídica y dinámica de la membrana en la unión y formación de poros por StI/II y nigrelysina (Ngr), una nueva AP aquí descrita. Métodos: La unión y formación de poros se estudiaron mediante membranas modelo combinadas con espectroscopía de fluorescencia y microscopía. Resultados y discusión: St y Ngr se unen y permeabilizan preferencialmente membranas que contienen esfingomielina (SM) cuando se compara con fosfatidilcolina (PC), debido a la presencia, en SM, de la unidad de fosfocolina de PC más la unidad ceramida (Cer). StI reconoce a Cer y a gangliósidos, aunque en menor extensión. En términos de propiedades dinámicas, StI penetra preferencialmente membranas con elevada movilidad lateral y adecuado nivel de SM. StI permeabiliza más eficientemente membranas con esteroles además de SM. Los bordes de la coexistencia de dominios lipídicos no constituyen un factor determinante para su unión y actividad. La heterogeneidad molecular de las membranas, más allá de la presencia de dominios, favorece la actividad de AP. Conclusiones. Estos estudios explican la relevancia de SM, otros lípidos de base Cer y esteroles a la actividad de St, Ngr, y por extensión, a las AP. Desde una perspectiva dinámica, una fase altamente fluida y moderadamente enriquecida en SM y esteroles constituye una plataforma ideal para la formación de poros por AP.

Resumen: Introducción: La atención humanizada requiere la interacción entre los conocimientos científicos y los valores, generando la necesidad de particularizar los cuidados, siendo esta una actividad esencial en enfermería. Objetivo: Analizar la percepción que tienen los usuarios hospitalizados respecto del cuidado humanizado que reciben por parte de las profesionales de enfermería. Metodología: Se desarrolló una investigación de tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva, correlacional y de corte transversal, que incluyó a los usuarios hospitalizados en los Servicios Clínicos de Medicina, Cirugía, Pensionado y representantes legales de pacientes menores de 18 años en Pediatría, de un hospital público ubicado en el sur de Chile, con una muestra de 377 participantes. Posterior a aplicación de consentimiento informado, se aplicó una caracterización sociodemográfica y el instrumento Percepción de Comportamientos de Cuidado Humanizado de Enfermería - versión 3, con adaptación transcultural para la población chilena, el cual fue complementado con otros datos pertinentes a los objetivos de la investigación. Resultados: Se encontró que las personas participantes en su mayoría reconocieron al profesional de enfermería por el uniforme, y pese a existir algunas diferencias en cada servicio, refirieron satisfacción con el cuidado recibido (84,6 %). Aspectos como la edad, el tiempo de hospitalización y el reconocimiento del personal de enfermería, evidenciaron relación estadística con la satisfacción. Conclusiones: Se requiere implementar estrategias para fortalecer la percepción del cuidado humanizado de enfermería, siendo estos aspectos una contribución para la construcción de un clima y cultura organizacional que evidencien esta perspectiva de cuidado.

Abstract: Introduction: Humanized care requires the interaction between scientific knowledge and values, generating the need to particularize care, which is an essential activity in nursing. Objective: To analyze the perception of hospitalized users regarding the humanized care they receive from nursing professionals. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional research was carried out, which included hospitalized users in the Clinical Services of Medicine, Surgery, Private, and legal representatives of patients under 18 years of age in Pediatrics, of a public hospital located in the south of Chile, with a sample of 377 participants. After the application of informed consent, it was applied a sociodemographic characterization as well as the instrument Perception of Humanized Nursing Care Behaviors - Version 3, with transcultural adaptation for the Chilean population, which was complemented with other data pertinent to the objectives of the research. Results: It was found that most of the participants recognized the nursing professional by the uniform, and despite some differences in each service, they reported satisfaction with the care received (84.6%). Aspects such as age, length of hospitalization and recognition of the nursing staff showed a statistical relation with satisfaction. Conclusions: It is necessary to implement strategies to strengthen the perception of humanized nursing care, being these aspects a contribution to the construction of an organizational climate and culture that evidences this perspective of care.

Resumo: Introdução: Uma atenção humanizada requer a interação entre saberes científicos e valores, gerando a necessidade de particularização ou cuidado, sendo essa uma atividade essencial na enfermagem. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção que os usuários hospitalizados têm sobre o atendimento humanizado que recebem dos profissionais de enfermagem. Método: Es uma investigação quantitativa, descritiva, correlacional e transversal, que incluiu os usuários hospitalizados nos Serviços de Medicina, Cirurgia, Pensionista e representantes legais de pacientes menores de 18 anos em Pediatria, de um hospital público localizado no sul do Chile, com uma amostra de 377 participantes, Após a aplicação do consentimento informado, foi aplicada uma caracterização sociodemográfica e foi aplicado o instrumento Percepção de Comportamentos de Assistência Humanizada de Enfermagem - versão 3, com adaptação transcultural para a população chilena, ou que foi complementado com outros dados pertinentes aos objetivos da pesquisa. Resultados: Verificou-se que os participantes, em sua maioria, reconheciam ou profissionais de enfermagem pelo uniforme e, apesar da existência de algumas diferenças em cada Serviço, relatam sentir-se satisfeitos com o atendimento recebido (84,6 %). Aspectos como a idade, tempo de internação e reconhecimento da equipe de enfermagem apresentam relação estatística com a satisfação. Conclusões: É necessário implementar estratégias que fortaleçam a percepção do cuidado humanizado de enfermagem, sendo esses aspectos uma contribuição para a construção de um clima e cultura organizacional que demonstrem essa perspectiva de cuidado.

Resumen El contenido de etanol en mosto fermentado es el parámetro más importante para la producción de whisky en términos de volumen de destilado por unidad de malta. La biosíntesis de etanol durante la fermentación de mosto depende de muchos factores; no obstante, la cantidad inicial de carbohidratos fermentables afecta significativamente el contenido final de etanol en el mosto fermentado. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes condiciones de maceración y fermentación sobre el contenido de etanol en mosto fermentado; asimismo, determinar las condiciones que contribuyen en el incremento de este compuesto. Se observó que la maceración isotérmica a 65 °C por 3 h, con una relación malta:agua 1:3, resulta en mostos con mayor contenido de carbohidratos fermentables. Además, se determinó que el mejor rendimiento de etanol se obtiene con fermentadores cerrados a 20 °C en mostos de 12.5 °P. Lo anterior resulta en una eficiencia de 0.34 g de etanol/g de sólidos solubles; además de la reducción significativa de metanol y glicerol.

Abstract Ethanol content in fermented wort is the most important parameter for whisky production, in terms of volume of distillate per unit of malt. Ethanol biosynthesis during wort fermentation depends on many factors, however, the initial concentration of fermentable carbohydrates significantly affects the final ethanol content in fermented wort. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different mashing and fermentation conditions on ethanol content in fermented wort, and to determine the conditions that better contribute to the increase of this compound. It was observed that an isothermal mashing of 65 ºC for 3 h, with a 1:3 grist:water ratio, results in worts with high fermentable carbohydrates content. In addition, it was determined that the higher ethanol yield is attained with closed fermenters at 20 ºC and 12.5 ºP worts. These conditions result in a conversion efficiency of 0.34 g of ethanol/g of soluble solids, in fermented worts with reduced amounts of methanol and glycerol.

RESUMO Este artigo objetiva delimitar uma preeminência do linguístico frente às demais semioses. Para tanto, são orquestradas duas reflexões que, para além do Curso de linguística geral, de Ferdinand de Saussure, abordam as especificidades que conduzem a essa preeminência. São elas: as reflexões de Valentin N. Volóchinov e de Émile Benveniste. Em Volóchinov, estão postas especificidades do linguístico atinentes ao funcionamento sociocultural da palavra, portanto, externas ao signo. Em Benveniste, estão dadas especificidades internas à língua, relativas à capacidade de a língua se autointerpretar e interpretar os demais sistemas. Finalmente, com base nas conclusões decorrentes das análises teóricas, defende-se que tais especificidades poderiam nortear discussões sobre o lugar do linguístico no debate em torno do ensino escolar de língua portuguesa.

ABSTRACT This article aims to establish a preeminence of language in relation to the other forms of semiosis. To this end, we orchestrate two reflections that, beyond Ferdinand de Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics, address the specificities that lead to such a preeminence. They are: the reflections by Valentin N. Vološinov and Émile Benveniste. Vološinov advances specificities of language regarding the socio-cultural functioning of the word, thus external to the sign. Benveniste discusses specificities that are internal to language, related to its ability to interpret itself and interpret the other systems. Finally, based on the conclusions derived from the theoretical analyses, we argue that such specificities could guide discussions about the place of language in the debate on school teaching of Portuguese.

ABSTRACT Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an oleaginous plant of economic importance due to its different industrial applications. Edaphic characteristics are used to determine the viability of places considered as suitable to obtain castor oil. The objectives of this study were to determine the edaphic characteristics and oil content of R. communis, and to evaluate elicitation with salicylic acid (SA) in El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico. Sampling was carried out in a direct way, selecting sites where castor bean plants were found. Samples of 1.5 kg of soil were taken and 3 clusters of castor bean in a mature state were collected from 21 accessions. The physicochemical characteristics of the soil and oil content of seeds were determined. Finally, 300 plants of the Guanajuatoil variety were planted and elicitated with different SA concentrations under greenhouse conditions in order to determine oil content. The physical analysis of the soil samples indicated dark-colored soils, Mollisol and Vertisol types, with different textures: clay, clay loam, sandy clay loam and sandy loam. Soil chemical analyses showed the following soil characteristics: pH 7.22; electrical conductivity 0.52 dS m-1; organic matter 7.17%; cation exchange capacity 26.77; calcium 38.62, magnesium 6.81, sodium 13.41and potassium 6.97 cmol kg-1; and nitrogen and phosphorus contents of 16.32 and 54 mg kg-1, respectively. Castor oil content was higher in clay soils (41.46%). The plants elicited with SA presented oil contents ranging from 28.99% to 52.9%, obtained with 100 and 900 ^M. In conclusion, elicitation with SA is an adequate method to increase oil content in castor bean seeds. The locality of El Marqués has good potential for the production of castor oil.

Resumo: Objetivo: Objetivo: Validar a adaptação transcultural da versão inglesa do “The Young Spine Questionnaire” (YSQ), para a língua portuguesa. O questionário permite avaliar, em crianças, a taxa de prevalência e a frequência de dor na coluna, as restrições de atividade, o comportamento de procura de cuidados e a influência que pode ter a dor de coluna manifestada pelos pais. Método: A pesquisa foi realizada em contexto escolar, com uma amostra de 128 crianças dos 9 aos 12 anos (63 do sexo masculino e 65 do sexo feminino). O questionário foi preenchido em dois momentos distintos. Para avaliar o seu grau de reprodutibilidade utilizou-se o Teste-Reteste, estimando-se o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) entre os dois conjuntos de valores observados, para p<0,05. Também se recorreu ao coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, para encontrar o grau de confiabilidade (consistência interna) do questionário. Resultados: Na maioria das questões o intervalo do ICC situou-se entre 0,527 e 0,870, correspondente a uma correlação situada entre razoável a excelente para índice de reprodutibilidade. A exceção foram dois dos itens c) das três primeiras questões, em que o ICC apresentou valores inferiores (0,149 e 0,277). O valor do cálculo do Alfa de Cronbach resultou em 0,8, apresentando elevada consistência interna. Conclusão: Ficou demonstrado que a adaptação transcultural do YSQ tem validade de conteúdo e é bem compreendida para ser utilizada em estudos com crianças portuguesas dos 9 aos 12 anos de idade. Nível de evidência II; Desenvolvimento de critérios de diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the cross-cultural adaptation of the English version of theYoung Spine Questionnaire (YSQ) to Portuguese. The questionnaire enables the evaluation, in children, of back pain prevalence and frequency, restrictions on activity, care-seeking behavior, and the influence that the parents’ manifestations of back pain can have. Method: The research was conducted in a school setting, with a sample of 128 children aged 9 to 12 years (63 males and 65 females). The questionnaire was completed at two different moments. Test-retest reliability was used to evaluate the degree of reproducibility, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two sets of observed values was estimated for p<0.05. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the degree of reliability (internal consistency) of the questionnaire. Results: For most of questions, the ICC ranged between 0.527 and 0.870, with reasonable to excellent correlation to the reproducibility index. The exceptions were foritem c) in two of the first three questions, where the ICC values (0.149 and 0.277) were lower. The value of Cronbach’s alpha calculation was 0.8, indicating high internal consistency. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that the cross-cultural adaptation of the YSQ had content validity, was well-understood, and suitable for use in studies with Portuguese children between 9 and 12 years of age. Level of evidence II; Development of diagnostic criteria.

Resumen: Objetivo: Validar la adaptación transcultural de la versión inglesa del “The Young Spine Questionnaire” (YSQ) al portugués. El cuestionario permite evaluar, en los niños, la tasa de prevalencia y frecuencia del dolor de espalda , las restricciones de actividad, el comportamiento de búsqueda de atención y la influencia que puede tener el dolor de espalda manifestado por los padres. Método: La investigación se llevó a cabo en un entorno escolar, con una muestra de 128 niños de 9 a 12 años (63 niños y 65 niñas). El cuestionario se completó en dos momentos diferentes. Para evaluar su grado de reproducibilidad, se utilizó el “Test-Retest”, estimando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) entre los dos conjuntos de valores observados, para p <0,05. También se utilizó el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, para conocer el grado de confiabilidad (consistencia interna) del cuestionario. Resultados: En la mayoría de las preguntas, el CCI osciló entre 0,527 y 0,870, lo que corresponde a una correlación situada entre razonable y excelente para el índice de reproducibilidad. Las excepciones fueron dos de los ítems c) de las tres primeras preguntas, donde el ICC mostró valores más bajos (0,149 y 0,277). El valor del cálculo del Alfa de Cronbach dio como resultado 0,8, lo que demuestra una alta consistencia interna. Conclusión: Se demostró que la adaptación transcultural del YSQ tiene validez de contenido y es adecuada para ser utilizada en estudios con niños portugueses de entre 9 y 12 años. Nivel de evidencia II; Desarrollo de criterios diagnósticos.

Abstract Riparian soils are recognized as important regions of long-term carbon storage. However, different hydromorphological factors along riparian gradients, as well as land use, can influence the distribution and concentration of soil organic carbon (SOC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of SOC in catenas of riparian soils and to characterize soil organic matter (SOM) at the micromorphological level in three riparian ecosystems of Iztaccihuatl volcano (grasslands, forests, and agricultural zone). At each site, disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected in soil profiles along a catenary perpendicular to the stream. In the laboratory, COS was determined in the fine soil fraction and soil organic matter (SOM) micromorphology was described in thin sections. COS varied according to vegetation and land use (grassland 38.95 kg m-2 > forest 34.40 kg m-2 > agricultural zone 17.77 kg m-2). The highest values in COS occur in soils closer to the stream up to 68.92 kg m-2. SOM presents different organic residues and stages of decomposition and with higher abundance in the riparian subsoil where hydromorphism conditions limit its mineralization. Riparian soils have a greater potential to accumulate carbon (halophytic and autochthonous) than adjacent uplands. Likewise, degradation of these ecosystems has an impact on carbon storage and their role in climate change mitigation.

Resumen Los suelos ribereños se reconocen como regiones importantes de almacenamiento de carbono. Sin embargo, los diferentes factores hidromorfológicos de los gradientes ribereños, así como el uso del suelo, pueden influir en la distribución y concentración de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las concentraciones de COS en catenas de suelos ribereños y caracterizar la materia orgánica del suelo (MOS) a escala micromorfológica en tres ecosistemas ribereños del volcán Iztaccíhuatl (pastizales, bosques y zona agrícola). En cada sitio se colectaron muestras alteradas e inalteradas en perfiles de suelos en una catena perpendicular a la corriente. En el laboratorio se determinó el COS en la fracción de tierra fina y se describió la micromorfología de la MOS en secciones delgadas. El COS varió de acuerdo con la vegetación y el uso de suelo (pastizal 38.95 kg m-2 > bosque 34.40 kg m-2 > zona agrícola 17.77 kg m-2). Los valores más altos de COS ocurren en los suelos más cercanos a la corriente hasta 68.92 kg m-2. La MOS presenta diferentes residuos orgánicos y etapas de descomposición y con mayor abundancia en el subsuelo ribereño donde las condiciones de hidromorfismo limitan su mineralización. Los suelos ribereños tienen un mayor potencial para acumular carbono (halóctono y autóctono) que las tierras altas adyacentes. Asimismo, la degradación de estos ecosistemas repercute en el almacenamiento de carbono y en su papel en la mitigación del cambio climático.

Resumo: Introdução: A educação médica no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19 enfrentou dificuldades e mudanças no processo de ensino-aprendizado. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender os desafios do ensino remoto na formação médica durante a pandemia da Covid-19 em uma universidade federal do Sul do país. Método: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, em que os participantes foram 46 estudantes de dois cursos de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, dos campi de Florianópolis e Araranguá, durante o ano de 2021. A técnica utilizada para a coleta de dados foi o grupo focal on-line, totalizando sete encontros. Investigaram-se os dados coletados por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultado: Observou-se prejuízo nas relações entre estudantes de Medicina e comunidade, principalmente em razão da restrita inserção de conhecimentos sobre a pandemia nos currículos formais dos cursos, da diminuição do convívio com pacientes, da dissolução do elemento teórico-prático no ensino remoto pela ausência de atividades práticas e do engessamento do currículo formal. Durante a formação acadêmica, houve sofrimento psicológico dos estudantes decorrente do distanciamento social e da exaustiva carga horária teórica. Conclusão: A construção do conhecimento médico e a oferta de cuidados coerentes às necessidades da população foram afetadas pela Covid-19. Tornam-se indispensáveis o reconhecimento de tal descompasso e a necessidade da constituição de estratégias para solucionar as problemáticas relacionadas às dificuldades encontradas pelos estudantes, com base em seus aprendizados, na resposta aos anseios da população e na necessidade de adaptações na educação médica diante da pandemia da Covid-19 para o processo de formação médica.

Abstract: Introduction: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical education has faced changes in the teaching-learning process. Objective: To understand the challenges of remote teaching in medical training during the COVID-19 pandemic at a Federal University in the south of Brazil. Method: This is a study with a qualitative approach, whose subjects comprised students from two medical courses at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis campus and Araranguá campus, during 2021. The technique used for data collection was the online focus group, totaling seven meetings. Forty-six students participated. The collected data were investigated through Thematic Content Analysis. Results: Deterioration in the relationship between medical students and the community was observed, mainly due to the restricted inclusion of knowledge about the pandemic in the formal curricula of the courses, reduced contact with patients, dissolution of the theoretical-practical element in remote teaching due to the absence of practical activities and the inflexible nature of the formal curriculum. During academic training, there was psychological overload on students due to social distancing and exhaustive theoretical workload. Conclusions: The construction of medical knowledge and the provision of care consistent with the population’s needs was affected by COVID-19. It is essential to recognize such a mismatch and the need to establish strategies to solve the problems related to the difficulties encountered by students, based on their learning, in response to the population’s aspirations and the need for adaptations in medical education in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic for the medical education process.

Resumen La nutria neotropical Lontra longicaudis es uno de los mamíferos menos estudiados en la península de Yucatán y su presencia en algunos cuerpos de agua de esta región es cuestionable. La laguna de Bacalar es el mayor cuerpo de agua dulce de la península de Yucatán y enfrenta varios problemas de conservación debido a su alto potencial de desarrollo turístico. Confirmamos la presencia de L. longicaudis en la laguna de Bacalar mediante entrevistas con los residentes locales y la búsqueda de evidencias directas (avistamientos) e indirectas (p. ej. huellas) de presencia de la especie en 2013. Incluimos observaciones directas recientes (2019-2020). Clasificamos la información por niveles de certeza, según el tipo de evidencia que la respalda (fotografías, videos). Obtuvimos 9 registros de nutria neotropical a través de entrevistas (nivel 3); 3 avistamientos y 4 huellas (nivel 1), y 4 avistamientos (3 con nivel 2 y 1 con nivel 3 de certeza). Es necesario incrementar los esfuerzos de investigación para determinar el estado de conservación y la distribución de la nutria neotropical en la laguna. Recomendamos realizar esfuerzos en cuanto a la socialización y a la educación para facilitar la conservación de esta especie y su hábitat en la laguna de Bacalar.

Abstract The Neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis is one of the least studied mammals of the Yucatán Peninsula and its presence in some water bodies of this region is questionable. Laguna Bacalar is the largest freshwater body located in the Yucatán Peninsula and faces several conservation problems due to its high potential for tourism development. We confirmed the presence of L. longicaudis in Laguna Bacalar by conducting interviews with residents, and the search for direct (sightings) and indirect (e.g., footprints) evidence of the species in 2013. We also include recent direct and indirect evidence (2019-2020). We classified the records into levels of certainty, according to the type of evidence (photographs, videos). We obtained 9 records of Neotropical otter through interviews (level 3), 3 sightings and 4 footprints (level 1), and 4 sightings (3 of these with level 2 and 1 with level 3 of certainty). It is necessary to increase the research effort to determine the conservation status and distribution of the Neotropical otter in the lagoon. We recommend making efforts in terms of socialization and education to facilitate the conservation of the Neotropical otters and their habitat in Laguna Bacalar.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between the polymorphism rs2291166 of TJP1 gene, with the urine-excreted levels of GAGS as a marker of early stages of nephropathy. Methods: A 600 urine samples from newly diagnosed subjects with type 2 diabetes were analyzed, of which 203 were included. The GAGS detection in direct urine (corresponding to the first urine of the morning), was performed by albumin turbidity test and precipitation with cetylpyridinium (CPC). Results: The present study shows that 26.64% of diabetic patients are in early stages of nephropathy, corresponding to patients with a positive GAG test, being those with the highest GAGS excretion, heterozygous for the polymorphism. Conclusion: We suggest that the TJP1 polymorphism rs2291166 influences mucopolysacchariduria in type 2 diabetic patients of the Mexican population, which could be used as a valid genetic/biochemical marker for the early stages of diabetic nephropathy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre el polimorfismo rs2291166 del gen TJP1 con los niveles de glucosaminoglucanos (GAGS) excretados en orina como marcador de las primeras etapas de la nefropatía. Material y métodos: Se analizaron 600 muestras de orina de sujetos recién diagnosticados con diabetes tipo 2, de las cuales se incluyeron 203. La detección de GAGS en orina directa se realizó mediante prueba de turbidez de albúmina ácida y precipitación con cetilpiridinio (CPC). Resultados: El 26,64% de los pacientes diabéticos se encuentran en estadios tempranos de nefropatía, lo que corresponde a pacientes con prueba GAG positiva, siendo los que tienen mayor excreción de GAGS, heterocigotos para el polimorfismo. Conclusión:Sugerimos que el polimorfismo de TJP1 rs2291166 influye en la mucopolisacariduria en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 de la población mexicana; que podría usarse como un marcador genético/ bioquímico válido para las primeras etapas de la nefropatía diabética.