OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of alveolar bone loss (BL) in healthy children treated at private pediatric dentistry clinics in Brasília, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research included 7,436 sites present in 885 radiographs from 450 children. The BL prevalence was estimated by measuring the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar bone crest (ABC). Data were divided in groups: (I) No BL: distance from CEJ to ABC is <2 mm; (II) questionable BL (QBL): distance from CEJ to ABC is >2 and <3 mm; (III) definite BL (DBL): distance from CEJ to ABC >3 mm. Data were treated by the chi-square nonparametric test and Fisher's exact test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Among males, 89.31% were classified in group I, 9.82% were classified in group II and 0.85% in group III. Among females, 93.05%, 6.48% and 0.46% patients were classified in Group I, II and III, respectively. The differences between genders were not statistically significant (Chi-square test, p = 0.375). Group composition according to patients' age showed that 91.11% of individuals were classified as group I, 8.22% in group II and 0.67% in group III. The differences among the age ranges were not statistically significant (Chi-square test, p = 0.418). The mesial and distal sites showed a higher prevalence of BL in the jaw, QBL (89.80%) and DBL (79.40%), and no significant difference was observed in the distribution of QBL (Fisher's exact test p = 0.311) and DBL (Fisher's exact test p = 0.672) in the dental arches. The distal sites exhibited higher prevalence of both QBL (77.56%) and DBL (58.82%). CONCLUSIONS: The periodontal status of children should never be underestimated because BL occurs even in healthy populations, although in a lower frequency.

Apresentam-se, neste trabalho, os resultados (i) da caracterização da água de lavagem de filtros (ALF) da estação de tratamento de água da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (ETA- UFV); (ii) de ensaios de clarificação da ALF em colunas de sedimentação, com e sem uso de polímeros; (iii) de ensaios de recirculação de ALF em ETA piloto (EP), sob condições variadas de razão de recirculação (5 a 20% de incremento de vazão) e de turbidez da mistura de água bruta (AB) com ALF (12,1 a 257,3 uT). Na ALF foram encontradas concentrações em ordem de grandeza de 10¹ cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. por litro. Os resultados dos ensaios em coluna de sedimentação e de recirculação na EP demonstraram que a clarificação da ALF com uso de polímeros contribui para a minimização de perigos associados à introdução de cistos de Giardia e oocistos de Cryptosporidium.

This paper presents the results of (i) the characterization of the filter backwash water (FBW) of Viçosa University water treatment plant; (ii) trials of FBW clarification in sedimentation columns, with and without polymer application; (iii) trials of FBW recycling in a pilot plant, under variable conditions of recycling flow rates (5 to 20% of the raw water flow - RW) and of the influent water (RW + FBW) turbidity (12.1 to 257.3 uT). Around 10¹ Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts per liter were found in the FBW. The results of sedimentation columns and recycling trials demonstrated that FBW clarification using polymers contributes to minimize hazards related to the introduction of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade do perímetro de dupla frequência (FDP) quando comparada ao perímetro Humphrey (padrão- ouro). MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco pacientes glaucomatosos (90 olhos) e 31 pacientes (62 olhos) normais foram submetidos, por meio de estudo prospectivo, a perimetria de dupla freqüência (FDP programa N-30) e perimetria Humphrey (programa "all threshold"). Os olhos glaucomatosos foram classificados quanto ao dano glaucomatoso em dano leve (desvio médio < -6dB), dano moderado (desvio médio > -6dB e < -12dB) e dano avançado (desvio médio > -12dB). Sensibilidade e especificidade foram calculadas. RESULTADOS: Cento e cinqüenta e dois olhos foram submetidos aos dois testes. A média de tempo para a realização do perímetro de dupla freqüência foi de 5,33 minutos ± D.P. e para o Humphrey de 16,53minutos ± D.P. A sensibilidade e especificidade encontrada para o perímetro de dupla freqüência quando não foi levado em consideração o dano glaucomatoso foi de 92% e 71%. Quando os pacientes foram classificados quanto ao dano glaucomatoso, obteve-se sensibilidade e especificidade de 76% e74% para dano leve, 86% e 79% para dano moderado e 93% e 80% para dano avançado. CONCLUSÃO: O perímetro de dupla freqüência apresentou alta sensibilidade e especificidade na detecção de defeitos perimétricos, especialmente em olhos com dano glaucomatoso avançado.

PURPOSE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of frequency doubling perimetry (FDP) with Humphrey visual field testing used as the gold standard. METHODS: In a prospective study, 45 glaucomatous patients (90 eyes) and 31 normal patients (62 eyes) underwent frequency doubling perimetry and Humphrey visual field testing (24-2). Glaucomatous visual field loss was classified as early (mean deviation no worse than -6dB), moderate (mean deviation between -6 and -12dB) or advanced (mean deviation greater or equal to -12dB). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty two eyes underwent both tests. The average time for the frequency doubling perimetry was 5.23 minutes and 16.53 for Humphrey 24-2. The frequency doubling perimetry had a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 71% irrespective of visual field loss. For early visual field loss, FDP achieved a sensibility of 76% and especificity of 74%. For moderate and advanced visual field loss sensitivity and specificity were 86% and 79%; 93% and 80%. CONCLUSION: Frequency doubling perimetry had a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting glaucomatous visual field defects especially in those eyes with severe visual field defects.