Abstract Background Myocardial bridges (MB) are anatomical anomalies with possible clinical repercussions; hence, their understanding deserves attention. Objective To determinate the prevalence and characterize MB in human hearts from the state of Ceará. Methods: Fifty hearts of adult human cadavers from the Medicine School of Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. The hearts were dissected to identify MBs that pass over part of the coronary artery. The segment of the artery (proximal, middle, and distal) with a bridge was identified. The external diameter of the artery at the proximal and distal points of the MB was measured. The length and thickness of the MB were also measured with an electronic caliper. The muscle index (MMI) of the MB was calculated as the product of length and thickness expressed in millimeters. The significance level adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. Results MB was confirmed in 40% of sample. Approximately one third of the sample had only 1 MB. MB was most frequently found over the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery (59.25%, p=0.02), and its prevalence in other branches was much lower (22.23%). The most affected segments of arteries were the superior (44.44%) and medium (40.74%). The mean diameter of arteries proximal to the MB was 2.38±0.97mm (range=0.78-5.15mm), and the diameter distal to the MB was 1.71±0.75mm (range=0.42-3.58mm). The length was measured as mean=8.55±5.27mm, while the mean thickness was 0.89±0.33mm. Conclusion A high prevalence of MB is more likely to affect the left coronary artery system with larger MMI than other affected branches.

Resumo Fundamento As pontes miocárdicas (PM) são anomalias anatômicas com possíveis repercussões clínicas, e, portanto, seu entendimento merece atenção. Objetivo Para determinar a prevalência e caracterizar a PM em corações humanos do estado do Ceará. Métodos: Foram usados cinquenta corações de cadáveres humanos adultos da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brasil. Os corações foram dissecados para identificar PMs que passam sobre parte da artéria coronária. O segmento da artéria (proximal, médio e distal) com a ponte foi identificado. O diâmetro externo da artéria nos pontos proximal e distal da PM foi medido. O comprimento e a espessura da PM também foram medidos com um calibre eletrônico. O índice de massa muscular (IMM) da PM foi calculado como o produto do comprimento pela espessura expresso em milímetros. O nível de significância adotado para a análise estatística foi 5%. Resultados A PM foi confirmada em 40% da amostra. Aproximadamente um terço da amostra tinha apenas 1 PM. A PM foi encontrada mais frequentemente sobre o ramo interventricular anterior da artéria coronária esquerda (59,25%, p = 0,02), e sua prevalência em outros ramos foi muito mais baixa (22,23%). Os segmentos das artérias mais afetados foram o superior (44,44%) e o médio (40,74%). O diâmetro médio das artérias proximais em relação à PM foi de 2,38 ± 0,97 mm (intervalo = 0,78 - 5,15 mm), e o diâmetro distal da PM foi de 1,71 ± 0,75 mm (intervalo = 0,42 - 3,58 mm). O comprimento foi medido como média = 8,55 ± 5,27 mm, e a espessura média foi de 0,89 ± 0,33 mm. Conclusão A alta prevalência de PM tem mais probabilidade de afetar o sistema da artéria coronária esquerda com IMM maior do que outros ramos afetados.

Abstract Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) have been previously studied as predictors of survival in different malignancies. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of these hematologic inflammatory biomarkers for patients with brain metastases (BM). Methods We reviewed a consecutive cohort of patients at Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP-FMUSP) from 2011 to 2016 with ≥ 1 BM treated primarily by surgical resection. The primary outcome was 1-year survival. We optimized the NLR, MLR, PLR, and RDW cutoff values, preserving robustness and avoiding overestimation of effect size. Results A total of 200 patients (mean age 56.1 years; 55.0% female) met inclusion criteria. Gross-total resection was achieved in 89.0%. The median (quartiles) preoperative and postoperative KPS scores were 60 (50-80) and 80 (60-90), respectively. Preoperative NLR was significantly associated with survival (HR 2.66, 95% CI: 1.17-6.01, p = 0.019). A NLR cutoff value of 3.83 displayed the most significant survival curve split. Conclusions Preoperative NLR is an independent predictor of survival in newly diagnosed BM. We propose a cutoff value of 3.83 for preoperative NLR testing may be clinically useful as predictor of poor survival in this population. The wide accessibility of the NLR favors its inclusion in clinical decision-making processes for BM management.

Resumo Antecedentes Os neutrófilos para linfócitos (NLR), monócitos para linfócitos (MLR), proporção de plaquetas para linfócitos (PLR) e largura de distribuição de glóbulos vermelhos (RDW) foram previamente estudados como preditores de sobrevivência em diferentes malignidades. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o valor preditivo desses biomarcadores inflamatórios hematológicos para pacientes com metástases cerebrais (MB). Métodos Nós revisamos uma coorte consecutiva de pacientes no Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP-FMUSP) de 2011 a 2016 com ≥ 1 MB tratados principalmente por ressecção cirúrgica. O desfecho primário foi a sobrevida em 1 ano. Otimizamos os valores de corte de NLR, MLR, PLR e RDW, preservando a robustez e evitando superestimação do tamanho do efeito. Resultados Um total de 200 pacientes (idade média de 56,1 anos; 55,0% mulheres) preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A ressecção grosseira total foi obtida em 89,0%. A mediana (quartis) dos escores KPS pré-operatório e pós-operatório foram 60 (50–80) e 80 (60–90), respectivamente. O NLR pré-operatório foi significativamente associado à sobrevida (HR 2,66, IC 95%: 1,17–6,01, p = 0,019). Um valor de corte de NLR de 3,83 exibiu a divisão da curva de sobrevivência mais significativa. Conclusões O NLR pré-operatório é um preditor independente de sobrevida em MBs recém-diagnosticados. Propomos que um valor de corte de 3,83 para o teste de NLR pré-operatório pode ser clinicamente útil como preditor de baixa sobrevida nesta população. A ampla acessibilidade do NLR favorece sua inclusão nos processos de tomada de decisão clínica para o gerenciamento de BM.

Forming semiconductor heterojunction is promising for improved photocatalytic performance due to synergistic combination of the best properties of each material. The present study reports a simple hydrothermal strategy to form n-n heterojunction of Ta2O5 nanotubes and BiVO4 microstructures. The Ta2O5/BiVO4 heterojunctions were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, UV Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by hydrogen production and photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous medium under AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm2) condition. The heterojunctions have optical absorption in the visible region (200 500 nm) with crystal structures defined as monoclinic for BiVO4 and orthogonal for Ta2O5. For MB photodegradation, the Ta2O5/BiVO4 obtained via hydrothermal route showed a photodegradation of 72.3%, compared to 28.3% presented by the sample produced through the mechanical mixture, with the maintenance of 86.4% of its photocatalytic performance after 3 cycles of photodegradation. For H2 production, hydrothermally prepared Ta2O5/BiVO4 generated 10.2 μmol g-1 of H2 in 3 h; while Ta2O5 nanotubes and mechanical Ta2O5/BiVO4 mixture shows 6.82 and 2.80 μmol g-1, respectively. The results suggest that Ta2O5/BiVO4 is a promising material for applications in photocatalysis, promoting sustainable energy production through hydrogen and for the treatment of effluents containing cationic dyes.

O manejo clínico de pacientes com hanseníase apresenta um desafio particular que são as reações. O objetivo deste estudo de coorte não concorrente foi analisar o tempo e fatores associados à ocorrência da primeira reação durante e após o tratamento da poliquimioterapia (PQT). Avaliou-se 1.621 pacientes paucibacilares (PB = 8,9%) e multibacilares (MB = 91,1%) de 2008 a 2016 notificados no Sistema de Estados Reacionais em Hanseníase/Rondônia (SisReação/RO). Prevaleceu a ocorrência durante o tratamento da PQT = 997 (61,5%), e 624 (38,5%) somente após o PQT. A precocidade da reação, a partir do diagnóstico, foi analisada por meio de curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier e comparadas entre os grupos PB e MB, usando o teste de log-rank de Mantel-Cox; e foram construídos modelos de regressão de Cox univariada e multivariada para identificar os fatores associados à ocorrência da reação (hazard ratio) e os correspondentes IC95%. No modelo multivariado foram incluídas variáveis com valores de p < 0,2 na análise univariada. Os PB desenvolveram reação de forma mais precoce do que os MB. Outras características associaram-se à reação em menor tempo: sexo feminino e baciloscopia negativa. No período agregado (durante e após a PQT), os pacientes PB apresentaram risco 24% maior de reação do que os MB e aqueles com baciloscopia negativa aumentaram este risco em 40% comparado à baciloscopia positiva. Durante e após a PQT, os PB apresentaram 1,3 e 1,6 vezes maior risco de ocorrência da reação dos pacientes MB. Dessa forma, recomendamos priorizar ações de vigilância para reações hansênicas durante e após a PQT como medidas de prevenção de incapacidades físicas e de melhoria na qualidade de vida das pessoas acometidas pela hanseníase.

The clinical management of leprosy patients poses a specific challenge, namely lepra reactions. This non-concurrent cohort study aimed to analyze the timing of the first lepra reaction during and after polychemotherapy (PCT) and associated factors. A total of 1,621 patients were assessed (PB = 8.9% and MB = 91.1%) from 2008 to 2016, reported to the System of Reaction States in Leprosy (SisReação/RO) database. Reactions occurred predominantly during PCT (997; 61.5%) and less frequently only after PCT (624; 38.5%). Earliness of the reaction after diagnosis was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves, with comparison between the PB and MB groups using the Mantel-Cox log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with occurrence of lepra reactions (hazard ratio) and the corresponding 95%CI. The multivariate model included variables with p-values < 0.20 in the univariate analysis. PB patients developed reactions earlier than MB patients. Other characteristics were associated with earlier reactions: female gender and negative smear microscopy. In the aggregate period (during and after PCT), PB presented 24% higher risk of lepra reaction than MB patients, and negative smear microscopy increased this risk by 40% compared to positive smear microscopy. During and after PCT, PB presented 1.3 and 1.6 times the risk, respectively, of reactions when compared to MB patients. We thus recommend prioritizing surveillance of lepra reactions during and after PCT as measures to prevent physical disabilities and to improve quality of life for persons with leprosy.

La gestión clínica de pacientes con hanseniasis presenta un desafío particular que son las reacciones. El objetivo de este estudio de cohorte no concurrente fue analizar el tiempo y factores asociados a la ocurrencia de la primera reacción durante y tras el tratamiento de la poliquimioterapia (PQT). Se evaluó a 1621 pacientes (PB = 8,9% y MB = 91,1%) de 2008 a 2016, notificados en el Sistema de Estados Reaccionarios en Lepra (SisReação/RO). Prevaleció la ocurrencia durante la PQT = 997 (61,5%), y 624 (38,5%) solamente tras la PQT. La precocidad de la reacción a partir del diagnóstico se analizó mediante curvas de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier y se compararon entre los grupos PB y MB, usando el test de log-rank de Mantel-Cox; asimismo, se construyeron modelos de regresión univariada y multivariada de Cox para identificar los factores asociados con la ocurrencia de la reacción (cociente de riesgos) y los correspondientes IC95%. En el modelo multivariado se incluyeron las variables con valores de p < 0,2 en el análisis univariado. Los PB desarrollaron una reacción de forma más precoz que los MB. Otras características se asociaron a la reacción en menor tiempo: sexo femenino y baciloscopia negativa. En el período agregado (durante y tras PQT), los PB presentaron un riesgo un 24% mayor de reacción que los multibacilares y la baciloscopia negativa aumentó este riesgo en un 40%, comparado con la baciloscopia positiva. Durante y tras el tratamiento PQT, los PB presentaron 1,3 y 1,6 veces el riesgo de ocurrencia de la reacción de los pacientes MB. De esa forma, recomendamos priorizar acciones de vigilancia para reacciones hansénicas durante y tras PQT, como medidas de prevención de discapacidades físicas, así como de mejoría en la calidad de vida de personas afectadas por la hanseniasis.

O manejo clínico de pacientes com hanseníase apresenta um desafio particular que são as reações. O objetivo deste estudo de coorte não concorrente foi analisar o tempo e fatores associados à ocorrência da primeira reação durante e após o tratamento da poliquimioterapia (PQT). Avaliou-se 1.621 pacientes paucibacilares (PB = 8,9%) e multibacilares (MB = 91,1%) de 2008 a 2016 notificados no Sistema de Estados Reacionais em Hanseníase/Rondônia (SisReação/RO). Prevaleceu a ocorrência durante o tratamento da PQT = 997 (61,5%), e 624 (38,5%) somente após o PQT. A precocidade da reação, a partir do diagnóstico, foi analisada por meio de curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier e comparadas entre os grupos PB e MB, usando o teste de log-rank de Mantel-Cox; e foram construídos modelos de regressão de Cox univariada e multivariada para identificar os fatores associados à ocorrência da reação (hazard ratio) e os correspondentes IC95%. No modelo multivariado foram incluídas variáveis com valores de p < 0,2 na análise univariada. Os PB desenvolveram reação de forma mais precoce do que os MB. Outras características associaram-se à reação em menor tempo: sexo feminino e baciloscopia negativa. No período agregado (durante e após a PQT), os pacientes PB apresentaram risco 24% maior de reação do que os MB e aqueles com baciloscopia negativa aumentaram este risco em 40% comparado à baciloscopia positiva. Durante e após a PQT, os PB apresentaram 1,3 e 1,6 vezes maior risco de ocorrência da reação dos pacientes MB. Dessa forma, recomendamos priorizar ações de vigilância para reações hansênicas durante e após a PQT como medidas de prevenção de incapacidades físicas e de melhoria na qualidade de vida das pessoas acometidas pela hanseníase.

The clinical management of leprosy patients poses a specific challenge, namely lepra reactions. This non-concurrent cohort study aimed to analyze the timing of the first lepra reaction during and after polychemotherapy (PCT) and associated factors. A total of 1,621 patients were assessed (PB = 8.9% and MB = 91.1%) from 2008 to 2016, reported to the System of Reaction States in Leprosy (SisReação/RO) database. Reactions occurred predominantly during PCT (997; 61.5%) and less frequently only after PCT (624; 38.5%). Earliness of the reaction after diagnosis was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves, with comparison between the PB and MB groups using the Mantel-Cox log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with occurrence of lepra reactions (hazard ratio) and the corresponding 95%CI. The multivariate model included variables with p-values < 0.20 in the univariate analysis. PB patients developed reactions earlier than MB patients. Other characteristics were associated with earlier reactions: female gender and negative smear microscopy. In the aggregate period (during and after PCT), PB presented 24% higher risk of lepra reaction than MB patients, and negative smear microscopy increased this risk by 40% compared to positive smear microscopy. During and after PCT, PB presented 1.3 and 1.6 times the risk, respectively, of reactions when compared to MB patients. We thus recommend prioritizing surveillance of lepra reactions during and after PCT as measures to prevent physical disabilities and to improve quality of life for persons with leprosy.

La gestión clínica de pacientes con hanseniasis presenta un desafío particular que son las reacciones. El objetivo de este estudio de cohorte no concurrente fue analizar el tiempo y factores asociados a la ocurrencia de la primera reacción durante y tras el tratamiento de la poliquimioterapia (PQT). Se evaluó a 1621 pacientes (PB = 8,9% y MB = 91,1%) de 2008 a 2016, notificados en el Sistema de Estados Reaccionarios en Lepra (SisReação/RO). Prevaleció la ocurrencia durante la PQT = 997 (61,5%), y 624 (38,5%) solamente tras la PQT. La precocidad de la reacción a partir del diagnóstico se analizó mediante curvas de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier y se compararon entre los grupos PB y MB, usando el test de log-rank de Mantel-Cox; asimismo, se construyeron modelos de regresión univariada y multivariada de Cox para identificar los factores asociados con la ocurrencia de la reacción (cociente de riesgos) y los correspondientes IC95%. En el modelo multivariado se incluyeron las variables con valores de p < 0,2 en el análisis univariado. Los PB desarrollaron una reacción de forma más precoz que los MB. Otras características se asociaron a la reacción en menor tiempo: sexo femenino y baciloscopia negativa. En el período agregado (durante y tras PQT), los PB presentaron un riesgo un 24% mayor de reacción que los multibacilares y la baciloscopia negativa aumentó este riesgo en un 40%, comparado con la baciloscopia positiva. Durante y tras el tratamiento PQT, los PB presentaron 1,3 y 1,6 veces el riesgo de ocurrencia de la reacción de los pacientes MB. De esa forma, recomendamos priorizar acciones de vigilancia para reacciones hansénicas durante y tras PQT, como medidas de prevención de discapacidades físicas, así como de mejoría en la calidad de vida de personas afectadas por la hanseniasis.

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the internal configuration of the maxillary molars of a population from the Northeast region of Brazil. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams from 512 patients (1501 teeth) were evaluated regarding the anatomical configuration of the root canal system, according to Vertucci’s classification. The images were obtained using a Prexion 3D scanner operating at 90 kVp and 4 mA. The voxel size was 0.125 mm and the cut thickness was 1 mm. The images were then analyzed in the Prexion 3D Viewer software. The data were analyzed statistically by Pearson’s chi-square test, with 5% of significance. The first and second molars presented three roots in 99.14% and 87.27% of the cases, respectively. In relation to the number of canals, the first and second molars had a significantly higher frequency of three and four root canals respectively, presenting a higher prevalence of types I and II (p < 0.001). The second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) was observed in 48.21% and 22.72% of the first and second molars, respectively (p < 0.001). The identification of the MB2 canal was greater in young and adult patients (p < 0.001), presenting a higher prevalence in male patients (p < 0.001). The internal configuration of the MB root was influenced by gender and by age, presenting a higher prevalence of the MB2 in male patients younger than 50 years of age.

The mesoporous material Al-Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (Al-MCM-41) was successfully obtained from kaolin, a low cost raw material, by means of hydrothermal route. The process of synthesis of Al-MCM-41 was based on calcination of kaolin, dealumination by acid treatment, hydrothermal synthesis in alkaline medium and surfactant extraction. The characterization of the obtained mesoporous material was carried out by techniques such as: X-ray diffraction, infrared vibrational spectroscopy, 29Si and 27Al solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption. The X-ray diffraction at low angles allowed the determination of the cell parameter, which was 4.02 nm. The analyses of scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed important morphological properties of the synthesized material. N2 adsorption/desorption showed a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area of 1,303 m2 g-1, pore volume of 1.23 cm3 g-1 and average diameter of 2.45 nm. The mesoporous material presented a maximum adsorption capacity of 316 mg g-1 for the cationic dye methylene blue (MB) in a concentration typical of industrial effluents, which makes it a potential adsorbent for MB removal from wastewaters.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary addition of different levels of glycerin on the performance, litter moisture, pododermatitis incidence, and carcass and parts yield of broilers. In total, 1,610 broilers were reared in 35 pens with 46 birds each. A completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments with seven replicates was applied. The experimental treatments were: T1: control diet; T2: dietary inclusion of 5% glycerin from 1-42 days of age; T3: dietary inclusion of 10% glycerin from 1-42 days of age; T4: dietary inclusion of 5% glycerin from 7-42 days of age; T5: dietary inclusion of 10% glycerin from 7-42 days of age. The diets containing glycerin fed since the pre-starter period improved broiler weight gain and feed conversion ratio, but did not influence feed intake or livability. At the end of the experiment, the production efficiency index of the broilers fed 10% glycerin during the entire rearing period was significantly reduced compared with the other treatments. Litter moisture in the pens of broilers fed 10% glycerin during the entire rearing period was higher compared to the other treatments since day 21.Diets containing 10% glycerin, both for the entire rearing period (1-42 days) or only after the pre-starter phase (7-42 days), influenced broiler performance and incidence of severe pododermatitis, reducing the production efficiency indexes at 42 days. Glycerin may be added up to 5% in broiler´s diets with no effect on performance, litter moisture and carcass yield, indicating that this co-product of the biodiesel industry can be used as an alternative feedstuff for broilers.

Leprosy inflammatory episodes [type 1 (T1R) and type 2 (T2R) reactions] represent the major cause of irreversible nerve damage. Leprosy serology is known to be influenced by the patient’s bacterial index (BI) with higher positivity in multibacillary patients (MB) and specific multidrug therapy (MDT) reduces antibody production. This study evaluated by ELISA antibody responses to leprosy Infectious Disease Research Institute diagnostic-1 (LID-1) fusion protein and phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) in 100 paired serum samples of 50 MB patients collected in the presence/absence of reactions and in nonreactional patients before/after MDT. Patients who presented T2R had a median BI of 3+, while MB patients with T1R and nonreactional patients had median BI of 2.5+ (p > 0.05). Anti-LID-1 and anti-PGL-I antibodies declined in patients diagnosed during T1R (p < 0.05). Anti-LID-1 levels waned in MB with T2R at diagnosis and nonreactional MB patients (p < 0.05). Higher anti-LID-1 levels were seen in patients with T2R at diagnosis (vs. patients with T1R at diagnosis, p = 0.008; vs. nonreactional patients, p = 0.020) and in patients with T2R during MDT (vs. nonreactional MB, p = 0.020). In MB patients, high and persistent anti-LID-1 antibody levels might be a useful tool for clinicians to predict which patients are more susceptible to develop leprosy T2R.

<title>Resumo</title><p>Os marcadores cardíacos, sobretudo a CK-MB massa e a cTnI, tem demonstrado um papel essencial seja em cardiologia clínica ou cirúrgica veterinária e humana, permitindo um diagnóstico mais preciso e acurado nas lesões miocárdicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mensurar os marcadores cardíacos em tela na Medicina Veterinária, aprimorar sua utilização e obter informações sobre estes métodos laboratoriais não invasivos que permitem o monitoramento da integridade da célula miocárdica. A quantificação dos parâmetros foi feita do soro de cães saudáveis atendidos na rotina do setor de Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. O kit de ensaio imunométrico por quimioluminescência turbo (IMMULITE Turbo, Siemens®) humano mostrou-se eficaz na avaliação na espécie canina, tanto para CK-MB massa quanto cTnI. Além disso, os valores encontrados para CK-MB massa e cTnI contribuirão significativamente para a rotina clínica ou para os trabalhos experimentais em cães.</p>

<title>Abstract</title><p>Cardiac markers, especially CK-MB mass and cTnI, have an essential role in both human and veterinary clinical and surgical cardiology, allowing a more precise and accurate diagnosis in myocardial lesions. The goal of this work was to measure these cardiac markers in veterinary medicine, improve their use and provide information about these laboratory methods that allow non-invasive health monitoring of the myocardial cell. Parameters quantification was obtained from sera of healthy dogs examined during routine procedures at the Small Animal Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. The human chemiluminescence essay turbo kit (IMMULITE Turbo, Siemens ®) test proved to be effective in canine species for both CK-MB mass and cTnI. In addition, the values found for CK-MB will significantly contribute to clinical routine or experimental work with dogs.</p>

Este estudo avaliou a eficiência do azul de metileno (AM) e do verde malaquita (VM) na inativação fotodinâmica (IFD) de Escherichia coli. Os fotossensibilizadores (FS) azul de metileno (1000 (mol L-1) e verde malaquita (250 (mol L-1) foram ativados com lâmpada de luz LED vermelha ((max = 636 nm). Suspensões bacterianas contendo 106 UFC mL-1 foram irradiadas por 5, 10 e 15 minutos (densidade de energia = 111,9 J cm-2, 223,9 J cm-2 e 335,8 J cm-2, respectivamente). As seguintes condições experimentais foram utilizadas para ambos os fotossensibilizadores: sem luz ou sem fotossensibilizador, somente luz, somente fotossensibilizador ou luz na presença do fotossensibilizador. Em seguida, diluições seriadas foram preparadas e semeadas em placas com meio PCA para determinação do número de UFC mL-1. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste Tukey (P<0.05). A inativação fotodinâmica usando AM e VM foi efetiva na redução do crescimento de E. coli. A fotossensibilização do VM (250 µmol L-1) foi capaz de reduzir acima de 89% a contagem de células viáveis após 15 min de irradiação e o AM (1000 µmol L-1), no mesmo tempo de exposição, mostrou uma taxa de inibição de 94,6%. A lâmpada de LED vermelha utilizada se mostrou efetiva na fotossensibilização dos corantes e mostrou ser uma boa alternativa a fontes de luz convencional como o laser.

This study assessed the effectiveness of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) on photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Escherichia coli. The photosensitizers methylene blue (1000 (mol L-1) and malachite green (250 (mol L-1) were activated with a red light-emitting diode (LED) lamp ((max = 636 nm). Bacterial suspensions containing 106 CFU mL-1 were irradiated for 5, 10 and 15 minutes (energy density = 119.9 J cm-2, 223.9 J cm-2 and 335.8 J cm-2, respectively). The following experimental conditions were performed for each photosensitizer: no light irradiation or photosensitizer, irradiation only, photosensitizer only or irradiation in the presence of a photosensitizer. Next, serial dilutions were prepared and seeded onto PCA medium for the determination of the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU mL-1). The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (P<0.05). Photodynamic inactivation using MB and MG was effective in reducing the number of E. coli. Malachite green (250 µmol L-1) photosensitization was able to achieve reductions of over 89% in the viable counts after 15 min of irradiation and methylene blue (1000 µmol L-1), at the same conditions of irradiation, showed a rate growth inhibition of 94.6%. The red LED light used has proven to be effective in the photosensitizing dyes and proved a good alternative to conventional light sources such as laser.

This study evaluated the metabolic response of broilers fed diets containing increasing crude glycerine levels in two bioassays. Birds were house in metabolic cages, and were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments of 4 replicates each (1st assay: 5 birds/ cage; 2nd assay: 1-20 days = 8 birds/ cage, and 21-42 days = 4 birds/cage). Treatments consisted of a control diet based on corn and soybean meal, and four other diets containing 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% glycerine derived from biodiesel. In experiment I, there was no effect (p>0.05) of glycerol level on liver weight or blood parameters. Serum blood glycerol levels of the birds fed 10% crude glycerine increased during the first nine days of diet intake (p<0.05). In experiment II, water intake increased (p<0.05) in the birds fed 7.5 and 10.0% crude glycerine at 4 and 8 days of age. Feed intake increased (p<0.05) on days 8 and 12 in birds fed 2.5 and 7.5% glycerine. Fecal moisture increased (p<0.05) in birds fed diets with 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% crude glycerine on days 16 and 20. Ileal content moisture was not different (p>0.05) among treatments when birds were 42 days old. High dietary glycerine levels may induce metabolic change in broilers, such as increased blood glycerol level, water intake and fecal moisture.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o perfil das enzimas creatinoquinase (CK), creatinoquinase-MB (CK-MB) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH) em ratos Wistar infectados com 250 (GI, n = 24) ou 1000 (GII, n = 24) ovos de Toxocara canis. Os animais foram avaliados nos dias 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 180 pós-infecção (DPI). Observou-se que apenas os animais do GI apresentaram aumento da atividade de CK e CK-MB aos 15 e 30 DPI, respectivamente. Anticorpos anti-T. canis foram detectados por ELISA nos animais infectados. Apesar da presença de infiltrado eosinofílico em três animais infectados, nenhuma larva foi recuperada do coração pela digestão ácida ou pela técnica de Baermann. Eosinofilia foi observada em todos os momentos em GI e GII, sem diferença significativa entre os grupos (p = 0,2239). Pode-se considerar que as lesões cardíacas foram um achado eventual no modelo murino para toxocaríase.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Wistar rats infected with 250 (GI, n = 24) or 1000 (GII, n = 24) Toxocara canis eggs. Animals were evaluated on days 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 post-infection (DPI). Only the GI rats showed an increase in CK and CK-MB, at 15 and 30 DPI, respectively. Anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies were detected by ELISA in infected animals. Despite of the presence of eosinophilic infiltrate in the heart of three infected animals, none larva was recovered from the organ neither by acid digestion nor by Baermann procedure. Eosinophilia was observed in both groups but there was no significant difference in the eosinophil counts between GI and GII (p = 0.2239). It is possible to consider that cardiac lesion is an eventual finding in murine model for toxocariasis.

Uma nova classe de inseticida derivado da fermentação de Sacharopolyspora spinosa - espinosade - tem sido indicada como uma alternativa natural de baixa toxicidade aos agrotóxicos clássicos. A fim de elucidar diversos aspectos relacionados às mudanças morfofisiológicas induzidas por espinosade Artibeus lituratus, os efeitos da administração durante sete dias sobre a glicose plasmática, proteína de glicogênio, e as concentrações de lipídios foram avaliados, assim como possíveis alterações nas células do fígado foram examinadas por análise histológica. Os animais foram alimentados com frutas contaminadas com espinosade por meio de imersão em uma solução. Os dados sobre o metabolismo revelaram um decréscimo na concentração de lipídios dos músculos das patas posteriores dos animais do grupo tratado. A análise morfológica indicou um aumento significativo no diâmetro das células do fígado dos animais tratados em relação ao controle. Este estudo indica que o espinosade, utilizado na dose recomendada, não afeta o metabolismo energético em geral de A. lituratus, mas pode afetar algumas características ultraestruturais das células hepáticas.

A new class of insecticide derived from fermentation of Sacharopolyspora spinosa - spinosad, has been indicated as being of low toxicity and a natural alternative to classical pesticides. In order to elucidate several aspects related to the morphophysiological changes induced by spinosad in Artibeus lituratus, the effects of a seven-day administration on plasma glucose, glycogen, protein and lipid concentrations were evaluated, and possible changes in liver cells were examined by histological analysis. Animals were fed with spinosyn-contaminated fruit through immersion in a solution. Data reporting on metabolism revealed a decrease in hind limb muscle lipid concentration in the treated group. Morphological analysis indicated a significant increase in liver cell diameter in treated animals compared to the control group. This study indicates that spinosyn, used at its recommended dose, does not affect general energy metabolism in A. lituratus but may affect some ultrastructural characteristics of liver cells.

A fragmentação florestal associada à expansão do desenvolvimento humano é um fenômeno que ocorre em todo o mundo. Estudos revelam que vêm ocorrendo tanto uma diminuição da diversidade de espécies quanto uma diminuição no tamanho das populações de morcegos neotropicais em função da perda de habitat. Com o objetivo de comparar o armazenamento das reservas energéticas em duas áreas com diferentes graus de conservação, morcegos frugívoros da espécie Artibeus lituratus foram coletados durante o outono de 2009 em duas áreas no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram determinadas as concentrações de glicose plasmática e de glicogênio, proteína e lipídio hepáticos e musculares, além das concentrações lipídicas do tecido adiposo e ácidos graxos totais da carcaça. As reservas lipídicas apresentaram concentrações significativamente menores na maior parte dos tecidos testados (músculo das patas posteriores, músculo peitoral, tecido adiposo e carcaça) nos animais coletados na região menos preservada. Os outros parâmetros não apresentaram diferenças significativas nos grupos coletados nos diferentes locais. Em conclusão, pode-se inferir que a ação humana sobre os ambientes pode estar afetando o armazenamento de reservas energéticas corporais lipídicas de machos dessa espécie, particularmente em áreas da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte-MG, Brasil, durante o outono.

Forest fragmentation associated with the expansion of human development is a phenomenon that occurs worldwide. Studies reveal that there have been both a decline in species diversity and a decrease in Neotropical bat population size because of habitat loss. The aim of this study was to investigate whether human action has been affecting the food availability to wildlife species, which could impact the storage of body energy reserves. For this purpose, fruit-eating bats (Artibeus lituratus) were collected in two areas in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The concentrations of plasma glucose, as well as glycogen, lipids and protein in liver in muscles were performed, in addition to adipose tissue weight and carcass fatty acids. Our results indicate that fat reserves were significantly lower in most tested tissues (muscle of the hindlimbs, breast muscles, adipose tissue and carcass) in animals collected in the region with a higher degree of human disturbance. The other parameters showed no significant differences in the groups collected at different locations. In conclusion, we suggest that human action on the environment may be affecting the storage of body fat energy reserves of this species during the autumn, particularly in metropolitan region areas of Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil, requiring special attention to the species conservation.