The aim of this study was to assess the effect of eugenol on the in vitro production of ovine embryos. Oocytes were aspirated and taken for in vitro maturation (IVM), where they were divided into 4 groups: the CON (control), in which the oocytes were immersed in medium without an antioxidant; in the EU10, EU20, EU40 groups, the same medium as in the COM group was used, supplemented with 10, 20, and 40 µM of eugenol, respectively. The degree of expansion of cumulus cells was evaluated. Subsequently, the oocytes underwent in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture, and at the end of this process, the rate of cleaved structures was assessed. Regarding the expansion rate of cumulus cells, the CON group exhibited higher rates compared to the groups supplemented with eugenol. Evaluating oocytes with fully expanded cumulus cells, only the EU40 group showed a lower rate when compared to the rest of the treatment groups. Whereas observing oocytes with partially expanded cumulus cells, the EU40 group showed higher expansion percentages compared to the other treatments. Concerning the presence of the first polar body in the oocytes, it was observed that there was no statistical difference between the treatment groups. Lastly, concerning the cleaved structures, the CON and EU10 groups showed the highest rates compared to the EU20 and EU40 groups. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the use of 10 µM of eugenol in the IVM of ovine oocytes proved to be the optimal concentration of this substance.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del eugenol en la producción in vitro de embriones ovinos. Los ovocitos fueron aspirados y llevados para la maduración in vitro (MIV), donde se dividieron en 4 grupos: el CON (control), en el cual los ovocitos fueron sumergidos en medio sin antioxidantes; en los grupos EU10, EU20, EU40 se utilizó el mismo medio que en el grupo CON, pero con la adición de 10, 20 y 40 µM de eugenol, respectivamente. Se evaluó el grado de expansión de las células del cúmulo. Después de esto, los ovocitos fueron sometidos a la fecundación in vitro y al cultivo in vitro, y al final de este proceso se evaluó la tasa de estructuras clivadas. En cuanto a la tasa de expansión de las células del cúmulo, el grupo CON mostró tasas más altas en comparación con los grupos suplementados con eugenol. Al evaluar los ovocitos con células del cúmulo totalmente expandidas, solo el grupo EU40 mostró una tasa más baja en comparación con el resto de los grupos de tratamiento. Mientras que al observar los ovocitos con células del cúmulo parcialmente expandidas, el grupo EU40 mostró porcentajes de expansión más altos en comparación con los otros tratamientos. Respecto a la presencia del primer corpúsculo polar en los ovocitos, se observó que no hubo diferencia estadística entre los grupos de tratamiento. Por último, en relación con las estructuras clivadas, los grupos CON y EU10 mostraron las tasas más altas en comparación con los grupos EU20 y EU40. Por lo tanto, se pudo concluir que el uso de 10 µM de eugenol en la MIV de ovocitos ovinos resultó ser la concentración óptima de esta sustância.

Objetivando avaliar o efeito do eugenol na produção in vitro de embriões ovinos. Os oócitos, foram aspirados e levados para a maturação in vitro (MIV), onde foram divididos em 4 grupos: o CON (controle), no qual os oócitos foram imersos em meio, sem antioxidante, já nos grupos EU10, EU20, EU40 foi utilizado o mesmo meio do grupo CON, acrescido de 10, 20 e 40 µM de eugenol, respectivamente. Foi avaliado o grau de expansão das células do cumulus. Após isso, os oócitos seguiram para a fecundação in vitro e cultivo in vitro, sendo, ao final desse processo, avaliada a taxa de estruturas clivadas. Em relação à taxa de expansão das células do cumulus, o grupo CON apresentou maiores taxas, quando comparado aos grupos adicionados de eugenol. Avaliando os oócitos com células do cumulus totalmente expandidas, somente o grupo EU40, apresentou-se menor, quando comparado ao restante dos grupos de tratamento. Já observando os oócitos com células do cumulus parcialmente expandidas, o grupo EU40, apresentou maiores percentuais de expansão, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos. Sobre a presença do primeiro corpúsculo polar nos oócitos, observou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos de tratamentos. E, por último, em relação às estruturas clivadas, os grupos CON e EU10 apresentaram as maiores taxas, quando comparado aos grupos EU20 e EU40. Dessa maneira, foi possível concluir que a utilização de 10 µM de eugenol na MIV de oócitos ovinos apresentou ser a melhor concentração dessa substância.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of quercetin on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and the subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) of ovine embryos. For this purpose, oocytes were collected and divided into the following treatment groups: control group, containing CON medium (control); and groups Q2, Q4, and Q8, with control medium supplemented with 2, 4, and 8 µM of quercetin, respectively. After IVM, the degree of cumulus cells expansion, presence of the first polar body (PB), and the other part of the oocytes proceeded to in vitro fertilization (IVF), where oocytes were incubated with spermatozoa for a period of 20 hours. Subsequently, the presumptive zygotes underwent in vitro culture (IVC) for 48 hours, and at the end of the process, the rate of cleaved structures was evaluated. The results were expressed in percentage and compared using the Chi-square test, with a significant difference considered when P<0.05. Evaluating the expansion of cumulus cells, the CON and Q2 groups showed the best expansion rates compared to the Q4 and Q8 groups. Regarding the presence of the 1st PB, it was observed that only the Q8 group exhibited lower rates compared to the control group. When evaluating the rate of cleaved structures, it was observed that the Q2 group showed a higher number compared to the Q8 group. Quercetin does not influence the maturation of ovine oocytes.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la quercetina en la maduración in vitro (MIV) de ovocitos y la posterior fertilización in vitro (FIV) de embriones ovinos. Para ello, se recolectaron y seleccionaron ovocitos divididos en los siguientes grupos de tratamiento: grupo control, que contenía medio CON (control); y los grupos Q2, Q4 y Q8, con medio control al que se le añadieron 2, 4 y 8 µM de quercetina, respectivamente. Tras la MIV se evaluó el grado de expansión de las células del cúmulo, la presencia del primer corpúsculo polar (CP) y la otra parte de los ovocitos se utilizó para la fecundación in vitro (FIV), donde los ovocitos fueron incubados con espermatozoides durante un período de 20 horas. Posteriormente, los presuntos cigotos pasaron a cultivo in vitro (CIV) durante 48 horas y, al final del proceso, se evaluó la tasa de estructuras clivadas. Los resultados se expresaron en porcentaje y se compararon utilizando la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, considerando una diferencia significativa cuando P<0,05. Al evaluar la expansión de las células del cúmulo, los grupos CON y Q2 mostraron las mejores tasas de expansión en comparación con los grupos Q4 y Q8. En cuanto a la presencia del 1er CP, se observó que solo el grupo Q8 mostró tasas más bajas en comparación con el grupo control. Al evaluar la tasa de estructuras clivadas, se observó que el grupo Q2 mostró un número mayor en comparación con el grupo Q8. La quercetina no influye en la maduración de ovocitos ovinos.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da quercetina na MIV de oócitos e na subsequente PIV de embriões ovinos. Para isso, foram colhidos e selecionados oócitos divididos nos seguintes grupos de tratamento: grupo controle, contendo meio CON (controle); e grupos Q2, Q4 e Q8, com meio controle, acrescido de 2, 4 e 8 µM de quercetina, respectivamente. Após a MIV foi avaliado o grau de expansão das células do cumulus, presença do primeiro corpúsculo polar (CP) e a outra parte dos oócitos seguiu para a fecundação in vitro (FIV), onde os oócitos foram incubados com os espermatozoides, por um período de 20 h. Em seguida, os presumíveis zigotos seguiram para o cultivo in vitro (CIV), por um período de 48 h e, ao final do processo, foi avaliada a taxa de estruturas clivadas. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagem e comparados, usando o Teste do Qui-quadrado e foi considerada diferença significativa quando P<0,05. Avaliando a expansão das células do cumulus, os grupos CON e Q2 apresentaram as melhores taxas de expansão, quando comparadas aos grupos Q4 e Q8. Quanto à presença do 1º CP, foi possível observar que somente o grupo Q8 apresentou taxas menores, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Já avaliando a taxa de estruturas clivadas, foi possível observar que o grupo Q2 apresentou maior número quando comparado ao grupo Q8. A quercetina não influencia na maturação de oócitos ovinos.

Abstract Hydrogels are used for wound treatment, as they may contain one or more active components and protect the wound bed. Papain is one of the active substances that have been used with this purpose, alongside urea. In this paper, carboxypolymethylene hydrogels containing papain (2% and 10% concentrations) and urea (5% concentration) were produced. Physical-chemical stability was performed at 0, 7, 15 and 30 days at 2-8ºC, 25ºC and 40ºC, as well as the rheological aspects and proteolytic activity of papain by gel electrophoresis. Clinical efficacy of the formulations in patients with lower limb ulcers was also evaluated in a prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind and comparative clinical trial. The results showed 7-day stability for the formulations under 25ºC, in addition to approximately 100% and 15% of protein activity for 10% and 2% papain hydrogel, respectively. The rheological profile was non-Newtonian for the 10% papain hydrogel tested. There were no significant differences regarding the mean time for healing of the lesions, although 10% papain presented a better approach to be used in all types of tissue present in the wound bed.

ABSTRACT Background: The wood heat treatment results in the partial degradation of its chemical constituents, mainly cellulose and hemicellulose, reducing the hygroscopicity of the material. This process improves the dimensional stability and resistance to biodeterioration and worsens the mechanical resistance. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the physical, anatomical, chemical, and mechanical properties of Fraxinus excelsior wood. In untreated and heat-treated wood, the pH, buffering capacity, basic density, equilibrium moisture content, shrinkage, wood anatomy, thermogravimetric behavior, and chemistry by conventional and FTIR methods were determined. Results: Heat treated wood had lower pH (5.50), equilibrium moisture content (6.26%), shrinkage (7,29%), holocellulose contents (55,96%) and higher buffering capacity (0,479 mmol/L), extractives (8,25%), and lignin contents (35,78%). Heat treatment reduced the pH and increased the buffering capacity of the wood, reduced the holocellulose content, and increased the lignin content, leaving the wood less hygroscopic and reducing its volumetric and linear variation. The process did not change the basic density and fiber length, but it reduced their width, lumen diameter, and wall thickness. The FTIR analysis confirmed the degradation of holocellulose and division of aliphatic side chains in lignin. The maximum dredging range of untreated and heat-treated wood occurred at 350 ºC, and the heat-treated wood had a higher residual mass when subjected to 500 ºC. Conclusion: Heat-treated wood can be indicated for products used in external environments, such as floors, fences, coatings, door and window structures.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of Vaccination Coverage (VC) in children from 0 to 12 months of age. This is an ecological time series study of VC in children aged 0 to 12 months, Piauí, from 2013 to 2020, using data from the National Immunization Program Information System. The Prais-Winsten autoregressive model was used to estimate the VC trend for eight immunobiologicals. Trends were categorized as decreasing, increasing, or stationary. There was a reduction in the VC of all immunobiologicals. There was a decreasing trend in the VC of Hepatitis B (annual percentgage change [APC] = -4.5; 95%CI: -7.3; -1.6), Meningococcal C (APC = -1.7; 95%CI: -3.1; -0.2), Pentavalent (APC = -4.2; 95%CI: -7.0; -1.3) and Yellow Fever (APC = -3.2; 95%CI: -5.9; -0.5); and stationary values for BCG (APC = -2.5; 95%CI: -5.7; 0.9), Human Rotavirus (APC = -1.5; 95%CI: -3.2; 0.2), Pneumococcal (APC -0.7; 95%CI: -2.7; 1.3); and Poliomyelitis (APC = -2.1; 95%CI: -5.3; 1.1). It was concluded that with the decreasing and stationary trends of VC, it is necessary to develop public policies to clarify and recruit the population about vaccination in children from 0 to 12 months of age.

RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a tendência temporal da Cobertura Vacinal (CV) em crianças de zero a 12 meses de idade. Trata-se de estudo ecológico de série temporal da CV em crianças de zero a 12 meses de idade, Piauí, de 2013 a 2020, utilizando dados do Sistema de Informações do Programa Nacional de Imunizações. Empregou-se o modelo autorregressivo de Prais-Winsten para estimar a tendência da CV para oito imunobiológicos. As tendências foram categorizadas em decrescente, crescente ou estacionária. Verificou-se redução na CV de todos os imunobiológicos. Observou-se tendência decrescente na CV de Hepatite B (Variação Percentual Anual [VPA] = -4,5; IC95%: -7,3; -1,6), Meningocócica C (VPA = -1,7; IC95%: -3,1; -0,2), Pentavalente (VPA = -4,2; IC95%: -7,0; -1,3) e Febre Amarela (VPA = -3,2; IC95%: -5,9; -0,5); e estacionária para BCG (VPA = -2,5; IC95%: -5,7; 0,9), Rotavírus Humano (VPA = -1,5; IC95%: -3,2; 0,2), Pneumocócica (VPA -0,7; IC95%: -2,7; 1,3) e Poliomielite (VPA = -2,1; IC95%: -5,3; 1,1). Concluiu-se que, com as tendências decrescentes e estacionárias das CV, é necessário o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para esclarecimento e recrutamento da população acerca da vacinação em crianças de zero a 12 meses de idade.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of Vaccination Coverage (VC) in children from 0 to 12 months of age. This is an ecological time series study of VC in children aged 0 to 12 months, Piauí, from 2013 to 2020, using data from the National Immunization Program Information System. The Prais-Winsten autoregressive model was used to estimate the VC trend for eight immunobiologicals. Trends were categorized as decreasing, increasing, or stationary. There was a reduction in the VC of all immunobiologicals. There was a decreasing trend in the VC of Hepatitis B (annual percentgage change [APC] = -4.5; 95%CI: -7.3; -1.6), Meningococcal C (APC = -1.7; 95%CI: -3.1; -0.2), Pentavalent (APC = -4.2; 95%CI: -7.0; -1.3) and Yellow Fever (APC = -3.2; 95%CI: -5.9; -0.5); and stationary values for BCG (APC = -2.5; 95%CI: -5.7; 0.9), Human Rotavirus (APC = -1.5; 95%CI: -3.2; 0.2), Pneumococcal (APC -0.7; 95%CI: -2.7; 1.3); and Poliomyelitis (APC = -2.1; 95%CI: -5.3; 1.1). It was concluded that with the decreasing and stationary trends of VC, it is necessary to develop public policies to clarify and recruit the population about vaccination in children from 0 to 12 months of age.

RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a tendência temporal da Cobertura Vacinal (CV) em crianças de zero a 12 meses de idade. Trata-se de estudo ecológico de série temporal da CV em crianças de zero a 12 meses de idade, Piauí, de 2013 a 2020, utilizando dados do Sistema de Informações do Programa Nacional de Imunizações. Empregou-se o modelo autorregressivo de Prais-Winsten para estimar a tendência da CV para oito imunobiológicos. As tendências foram categorizadas em decrescente, crescente ou estacionária. Verificou-se redução na CV de todos os imunobiológicos. Observou-se tendência decrescente na CV de Hepatite B (Variação Percentual Anual [VPA] = -4,5; IC95%: -7,3; -1,6), Meningocócica C (VPA = -1,7; IC95%: -3,1; -0,2), Pentavalente (VPA = -4,2; IC95%: -7,0; -1,3) e Febre Amarela (VPA = -3,2; IC95%: -5,9; -0,5); e estacionária para BCG (VPA = -2,5; IC95%: -5,7; 0,9), Rotavírus Humano (VPA = -1,5; IC95%: -3,2; 0,2), Pneumocócica (VPA -0,7; IC95%: -2,7; 1,3) e Poliomielite (VPA = -2,1; IC95%: -5,3; 1,1). Concluiu-se que, com as tendências decrescentes e estacionárias das CV, é necessário o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para esclarecimento e recrutamento da população acerca da vacinação em crianças de zero a 12 meses de idade.

Resumo Os óleos essenciais (OE) de Illicium verum e Pelargonium graveolens foram avaliados quanto à letalidade, inibição do desenvolvimento e eficácia residual contra a pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis. Sua composição química foi caracterizada por meio de cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chama e espectrometria de massas. A mortalidade entre os diferentes estágios imaturos e pulgas adultas foi avaliada por meio de testes in vitro em papel filtro, contendo diferentes concentrações de OEs. A caracterização química do óleo volátil de I. verum mostrou que o E-anetol (79,96%) foi o constituinte majoritário, enquanto os principais compostos de P. graveolens foram citronelol (29,67%) e geraniol (14,85%). Foi observada atividade inseticida contra os estágios imaturos e adulto da pulga. O OE de I. verum teve atividade inseticida por aproximadamente 18 dias, enquanto o de P. graveolens durou 13 dias. A atividade pulicida de I. verum permaneceu acima de 70% até o 9º dia, enquanto a atividade de P. graveolens foi de 41,7% até o 2º dia. Os óleos essenciais, principalmente de I. verum, apresentam atividade inseticida para o controle de pulgas em diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida e têm potencial para o desenvolvimento de ectoparasiticidas (biopesticidas) de uso veterinário.

Abstract The essential oils (EOs) of Illicium verum and Pelargonium graveolens were evaluated for lethality, inhibition of development and residual efficacy against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. Their chemical composition was characterized by means of gas chromatography with a flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection. Mortality at different immature stages and among adult fleas was measured through in vitro filter paper tests at different concentrations of EOs. The chemical characterization of I. verum volatile oil showed that E-anethole (79.96%) was the major constituent, while the major compounds in P. graveolens were citronellol (29.67%) and geraniol (14.85%). Insecticidal activity against both immature and adult flea stages were observed. The EO of I. verum had insecticidal activity for approximately 18 days, while the EO activity of P. graveolens lasted for 13 days. The pulicidal activity of I. verum remained above 70% for up to 9 days, while the activity of P. graveolens was 41.7% for up to 2 days. Essential oils, especially that of I. verum, showed insecticidal activity for flea control at different life cycle stages and have potential for the development of ectoparasiticides (biopesticides) for veterinary use.

Abstract: Thermal treatments have the effect of reducing the hygroscopicity and improving the resistance to microbiological attack of wood by the degradation of its chemical constituents. During the treatments, the mass of the wood is reduced, a factor that can affect the quality of the materials according to their use. The objective was to verify the effect of the thermal treatment variables on the thermogravimetric properties and the chemical composition of Eucalyptus grandis. The treatments were carried out in a vacuum oven with three atmosphere conditions - vacuum; N2; vacuum+N2 at temperatures of 140, 180 and 220 °C for 6 hours. It was observed that the mass loss during treatments differed only according to the temperatures used. The extractive content, total lignin and holocellulose presented significant changes only at 220°C in all three atmospheres. In the thermogravimetric analysis, the greatest value of residual mass was found in the treatment that used nitrogen and 220 °C, thus demonstrating that this treatment was more invasive, leading to the conclusion that the vacuum application can help to reduce the degradation of the constituents of the eucalypt wood. Wood, which can lead to the production of thermally treated wood without great losses in the mechanical properties.

Resumo Com a determinação do quanto de biomassa florestal é gerada após as intervenções culturais é possível definir as áreas passíveis de exploração. Com isso, o objetivo do trabalho foi quantificar e estimar a oferta de biomassa de Pinus taeda L. disponível após as intervenções culturais. O experimento foi realizado em reflorestamentos nos municípios dos estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina, com idades de 3 anos (primeira desrama), 5 anos (segunda desrama), 7 anos (terceira desrama), 11 anos (primeiro desbaste) 19 anos (segundo desbaste), 23 e 33 anos (cortes rasos). Para cada idade foram amostradas 10 árvores e quantificados os componentes acículas, galhos, ponteira e casca. Após o corte raso, aos 23 anos houve maior disponibilidade de biomassa individual (372,6 kg.árv-1) e por unidade de área (144,4 t.ha-1), sendo composto principalmente por galhos (69,3%), seguido das acículas (17,9%), casca (11,0%) e ponteira (1,8%) por unidade de área. A correlação entre a massa dos componentes da biomassa por árvore e as variáveis independentes foi significativa e superior a 0,52. A menor correlação foi observada entre estas e a quantidade ofertada de ponteiras. Os modelos de regressão selecionados para estimar a massa de biomassa em função das variáveis independentes tiveram R2aju superiores a 83%, baixos desvios padrões e coeficientes de variação.

Abstract Along with the determination of how much of forest biomass is generated after the cultural interventions, it is possible to define areas that can be exploited. Thus, the objective of this work was to quantify and estimate the biomass supply of Pinus taeda L. available after cultural interventions. The experiment was carried out in populations in the cities of Paraná and Santa Catarina states, with ages of 3 years (first pruning), 5 years (second pruning), 7 years (third pruning), 11 years (first thinning), 19 years (second thinning), 23 and 33 years (harvesting). For each age, 10 trees were sampled and the components of the leaves, twigs, canopy and bark were quantified. After harvesting at 23 years old there was greater availability of individual biomass (372.6 kg. tree-1) and per unit area (144.4 t.ha-1), being composed mainly of twigs (69.3%), followed by leaves (17.9%), bark (11.0%) and canopy (1.8%) per unit area. The correlation between the mass of the components of the biomass per tree and the independent variables was significant and higher to 0.52. The lower correlation was observed between these and the mass of canopy. The regression models selected to estimate the mass of biomass from the independent variables had R2adju higher than 83%, low standard deviations and low coefficients of variation.

Objetivo analisar a tendência e a distribuição espacial de algumas doenças de notificação compulsória em gestantes. Método estudo ecológico, com dados do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação, das incidências das seis doenças de notificação mais frequentes em gestantes. O modelo de Prais-Winsten foi utilizado para a análise da tendência classificada em estável, decrescente e crescente, segundo macrorregiões. Para a análise espacial, foram calculadas as incidências distribuídas em percentis, em mapas coropléticos, por Regiões de Saúde. Resultados as infecções mais frequentes foram sífilis, dengue, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, influenza, hepatites e toxoplasmose. A incidência para sífilis, toxoplasmose, dengue e Human Immunodeficiency Virus aumentou 30,8%, 30,4%, 15,4% e 2,6% ao ano, em média, respectivamente. Em média, ao ano, a incidência de sífilis aumentou 40,5% na Macrorregional Norte e 38% na Macrorregional Noroeste. A análise espacial mostrou, no último quadriênio, incidência elevada para dengue, sífilis e infecção pelo Human Immunodeficiency Virus que chegaram, respectivamente, a 180,2, 141,7 e 100,8 casos por 10.000 nascidos vivos. Conclusão houve aumento da incidência de infecção em gestantes por sífilis, toxoplasmose e Human Immunodeficiency Virus, com diferenças em sua distribuição espacial, indicando que esses agravos devem ser prioridade no atendimento à gestante em regiões mais acometidas.

Objective to analyze the trend and spatial distribution of some diseases that require compulsory notification in pregnant women. Method ecological study, with data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, of the incidence of the six most frequent diseases that, require compulsory notification, in pregnant women. The Prais-Winsten model was used to analyze the trend classified as stable, decreasing and increasing, according to macro-regions. For the spatial analysis, the incidences distributed in percentiles, in choropleth maps, by Health Regions were calculated. Results the most frequent infections were syphilis, dengue, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, influenza, hepatitis and toxoplasmosis. Incidence increased by 30.8%, 30.4%, 15.4% and 2.6%, on average, for syphilis, toxoplasmosis, dengue and Human Immunodeficiency Virus, respectively. On average, the incidence of syphilis increased by 40.5% in Macro-regional North and 38% in Macro-regional Northwest. The spatial analysis showed, in the last four years, high incidence of dengue, syphilis and infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which reached 180.2, 141.7 and 100.8 cases per 10,000 live births, respectively. Conclusion there were increased incidences of infection in pregnant women due to syphilis, toxoplasmosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus, with differences in their spatial distribution, indicating that these diseases should be a priority in the care of pregnant women in more affected regions.

Objetivo analizar la tendencia y la distribución espacial de algunas enfermedades de notificación obligatoria en gestantes. Método estudio ecológico, con datos del Sistema Nacional de Agravios de Notificación, de las incidencias de las seis enfermedades de notificación más frecuentes en gestantes. El modelo de Prais-Winsten fue utilizado para el análisis de la tendencia clasificada en estable, decreciente y creciente, según macrorregiones. Para el análisis espacial, se calcularon las incidencias, distribuidas en percentiles, en mapas coropléticos, por Regiones de Salud. Resultados las infecciones más frecuentes fueron sífilis, dengue, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, influenza, hepatitis y toxoplasmosis. Hubo aumento de la incidencia para sífilis, toxoplasmosis, dengue y Human Immunodeficiency Virus de 30,8%, 30,4%, 15,4% y 2,6% al año, en promedio, respectivamente. En promedio, al año, la incidencia de sífilis aumentaron un 40,5% en la Macrorregional Norte y un 38% en el Noroeste. El análisis espacial mostró, en el último cuadrienio, incidencias elevadas para dengue, sífilis e infección por el Human Immunodeficiency Virus que llegaron, respectivamente, a 180,2, 141,7 y 100,8 casos por 10.000 nacidos vivos. Conclusión hubo aumento de la incidencia de infección en gestantes por sífilis, toxoplasmosis y Human Immunodeficiency Virus, con diferencias en su distribución espacial, indicando que esos agravios deben ser prioridad en la atención a la gestante en regiones más acometidas.

Objective to analyze the trend and spatial distribution of some diseases that require compulsory notification in pregnant women. Method ecological study, with data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, of the incidence of the six most frequent diseases that, require compulsory notification, in pregnant women. The Prais-Winsten model was used to analyze the trend classified as stable, decreasing and increasing, according to macro-regions. For the spatial analysis, the incidences distributed in percentiles, in choropleth maps, by Health Regions were calculated. Results the most frequent infections were syphilis, dengue, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, influenza, hepatitis and toxoplasmosis. Incidence increased by 30.8%, 30.4%, 15.4% and 2.6%, on average, for syphilis, toxoplasmosis, dengue and Human Immunodeficiency Virus, respectively. On average, the incidence of syphilis increased by 40.5% in Macro-regional North and 38% in Macro-regional Northwest. The spatial analysis showed, in the last four years, high incidence of dengue, syphilis and infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which reached 180.2, 141.7 and 100.8 cases per 10,000 live births, respectively. Conclusion there were increased incidences of infection in pregnant women due to syphilis, toxoplasmosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus, with differences in their spatial distribution, indicating that these diseases should be a priority in the care of pregnant women in more affected regions.

Objetivo analizar la tendencia y la distribución espacial de algunas enfermedades de notificación obligatoria en gestantes. Método estudio ecológico, con datos del Sistema Nacional de Agravios de Notificación, de las incidencias de las seis enfermedades de notificación más frecuentes en gestantes. El modelo de Prais-Winsten fue utilizado para el análisis de la tendencia clasificada en estable, decreciente y creciente, según macrorregiones. Para el análisis espacial, se calcularon las incidencias, distribuidas en percentiles, en mapas coropléticos, por Regiones de Salud. Resultados las infecciones más frecuentes fueron sífilis, dengue, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, influenza, hepatitis y toxoplasmosis. Hubo aumento de la incidencia para sífilis, toxoplasmosis, dengue y Human Immunodeficiency Virus de 30,8%, 30,4%, 15,4% y 2,6% al año, en promedio, respectivamente. En promedio, al año, la incidencia de sífilis aumentaron un 40,5% en la Macrorregional Norte y un 38% en el Noroeste. El análisis espacial mostró, en el último cuadrienio, incidencias elevadas para dengue, sífilis e infección por el Human Immunodeficiency Virus que llegaron, respectivamente, a 180,2, 141,7 y 100,8 casos por 10.000 nacidos vivos. Conclusión hubo aumento de la incidencia de infección en gestantes por sífilis, toxoplasmosis y Human Immunodeficiency Virus, con diferencias en su distribución espacial, indicando que esos agravios deben ser prioridad en la atención a la gestante en regiones más acometidas.

Objetivo analisar a tendência e a distribuição espacial de algumas doenças de notificação compulsória em gestantes. Método estudo ecológico, com dados do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação, das incidências das seis doenças de notificação mais frequentes em gestantes. O modelo de Prais-Winsten foi utilizado para a análise da tendência classificada em estável, decrescente e crescente, segundo macrorregiões. Para a análise espacial, foram calculadas as incidências distribuídas em percentis, em mapas coropléticos, por Regiões de Saúde. Resultados as infecções mais frequentes foram sífilis, dengue, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, influenza, hepatites e toxoplasmose. A incidência para sífilis, toxoplasmose, dengue e Human Immunodeficiency Virus aumentou 30,8%, 30,4%, 15,4% e 2,6% ao ano, em média, respectivamente. Em média, ao ano, a incidência de sífilis aumentou 40,5% na Macrorregional Norte e 38% na Macrorregional Noroeste. A análise espacial mostrou, no último quadriênio, incidência elevada para dengue, sífilis e infecção pelo Human Immunodeficiency Virus que chegaram, respectivamente, a 180,2, 141,7 e 100,8 casos por 10.000 nascidos vivos. Conclusão houve aumento da incidência de infecção em gestantes por sífilis, toxoplasmose e Human Immunodeficiency Virus, com diferenças em sua distribuição espacial, indicando que esses agravos devem ser prioridade no atendimento à gestante em regiões mais acometidas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate environmental effect on growth, wood basic density and anatomical characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones for pulp production. The studied clones were from 6.5-year-old plantations of Fibria Celulose company, located in two places: Nova Almeida (ES) and Posto da Mata (BA). The total and commercial heights, diameter at breast height (DBH), wood and bark volume (dendrometric characteristics), heartwood and sapwood percentages, wood basic density and wood fibers and vessels were evaluated. The heartwood and sapwood percentage and vessel frequency were the only characteristics not influenced by the growth site among the studied parameters. On the other hand, tree height (total and commercial) was considered the most influenced by the environment.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the moisture content in the mass and energy balance of Eucalyptus wood during the pyrolysis process in a macro-lab scale. Two cylindrical specimens of 30 cm length, 12 cm diameter, and two pre-established moisture contents of 0.83% and 13%, were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in an electric oven, heating rate of 5oC.min-1 and final temperature of 500oC were the process conditions. Mass and energetic potentials of the non-condensable gases flow, were estimated from the data provided by the software Macro Thermogravimetric. The moisture content did not influence significantly in charcoal yields (30.2 e 30.4%). The highest energetic value of the non-condensable gases (2.549 MJ) during wood pyrolysis at 0.83% moisture content, was achieve. Water presence on wood decrease the concentration of the energetic compounds. The total energy concentrated in the charcoal and sub-products was 53% and 47%, respectively. The significant amount of sub-products suggests to consider the mass balance and flow energy compounds in further researches for integration and optimization technologies in both, production and gas burning processes, aiming to generate new industrial mechanisms to improve yield and quality of the products.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the environmental effect on the wood chemical composition of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla clones for pulp production. Seven clones of 6.5 years old were evaluated. The clones were planted in two growing sites, Nova Almeida - Espírito Santo and Posto da Mata - Bahia, established in 3 x 3 m spacing. Five trees were selected from each clone and discs were removed from five different positions equidistant from the trunk and at diameter at breast height (DBH) height. Two wedge from opposite sides were obtained from the discs. A chemical analysis was performed with a sample composed of all the wedges of each tree in order to determine extractive contents, lignin, holocellulose, carbohydrates and the ratio among syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) lignin substructures (S/G) per tree. The S/G ratio was considered to be the most stable characteristic to environmental change, followed by the holloceluloose content, which was considered the second least characteristic influenced by the growth site. Most of the studied clones presented a statistical difference between the growing site for the wood extractive content, in contrast to the total carbohydrates content that was highlighted by presenting values which were little influenced by the genetic material and the growth site.