RESUMO Objetivo: Calcular a taxa de recorrência de tuberculose, estimar seu tempo médio e identificar seus fatores associados no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva com dados de linkage do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Incluímos pessoas diagnosticadas com tuberculose em 2015, com foco naquelas que tiveram sua primeira recorrência em 6,5 anos. Estimamos o risco relativo (RR) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), assim como a fração atribuível populacional (FAP) ou a fração prevenível populacional (FPP) dos fatores associados. Resultados: No período de 6,5 anos, 3.253 indivíduos (6,5%) tiveram recorrência de tuberculose, com tempo médio de 2,2 anos. Fatores positivamente associados incluíram: sexo masculino (RR: 1,4; IC95% 1,3–1,5; FAP: 22,9%), idade de 30 a 59 anos (RR: 3,0; IC95% 1,6–5,7; FAP: 36,0%), raça/cor preta (RR: 1,3; IC95% 1,2–1,5; FAP: 3,5%) ou raça/cor parda (RR: 1,3; IC95% 1,2–1,4; FAP: 10,6%), privação de liberdade (RR: 1,9; IC95% 1,7–2,1; FAP: 9,1%), forma clínica pulmonar/mista (RR: 1,7; IC95% 1,4–1,9; FAP: 37,1%), diagnóstico de síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (RR: 1,8; IC95% 1,5–1,9; FAP: 4,3%) e uso de álcool (RR: 1,2; IC95% 1,1–1,3; FAP: 2,9%). Fatores negativamente associados foram: 12 ou mais anos de estudo (RR: 0,5; IC95% 0,4–0,6; FPP: 3,3%) e tratamento supervisionado (RR: 0,9; IC95% 0,8–0,9; FPP: 4,4%). Conclusão: Revelamos taxas elevadas de recorrência de tuberculose no Brasil, com fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e sociais influenciando na recorrência da doença.

ABSTRACT Objective: To calculate the rate of tuberculosis recurrence, estimate its average time until recurrence, and identify factors associated with recurrence in Brazil. Methods: Retrospective cohort study with a linked database from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The study included individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2015, focusing on those who experienced their first recurrence within 6.5 years. We estimated the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI), as well as the population attributable fraction (PAF) or the population preventable fraction (PPF) of associated factors. Results: Within a 6.5-year period, 3,253 individuals (6.5%) experienced tuberculosis recurrence, with a median time of 2.2 years. Positively associated factors included: male sex (RR: 1.4; 95%CI 1.3–1.5; PAF: 22.9%), age 30 to 59 years (RR: 3.0; 95%CI 1.6–5.7; PAF: 36.0%), black race (RR: 1.3; 95%CI 1.2–1.5; PAF: 3.5%), mixed race (RR: 1.3; 95%CI 1.2–1.4; PAF: 10.6%), deprivation of liberty (RR: 1.9; 95%CI 1.7–2.1; PAF: 9.1%), pulmonary/mixed clinical form (RR: 1.7; 95%CI 1.4–1.9; PAF: 37.1%), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis (RR: 1.8; 95%CI 1.5–1.9; PAF: 4.3%), and alcohol use (RR: 1.2; 95%CI 1.1–1.3; PAF: 2.9%). Negatively associated factors were: 12 or more years of schooling (RR: 0.5; 95%CI 0.4–0.6; PPF: 3.3%) and supervised treatment (RR: 0.9; 95%CI 0.8–0.9; PPF: 4.4%). Conclusion: This study revealed high tuberculosis recurrence rates in Brazil, influenced by sociodemographic, compartmental, and social factors, both positively and negatively impacting disease recurrence.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a geoespacialização da coinfecção tuberculose-HIV no Brasil, de 2010 a 2021, e a correlação com indicadores socioeconômicos, habitacionais e sanitários. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico dos municípios e estados brasileiros, com dados dos sistemas de informação do HIV e da tuberculose, previamente relacionados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Foram calculados os coeficientes brutos e suavizados pelo método bayesiano empírico local de incidência da coinfecção, por 100 mil habitantes, na população entre 18 e 59 anos. Empregaram-se os índices de Moran univariado (identificação de clusters) e bivariado (correlação com 20 indicadores). RESULTADOS Foram registrados 122.223 casos de coinfecção no Brasil, de 2010 a 2021, com coeficiente médio de 8,30/100 mil. As regiões Sul (11,44/100 mil) e Norte (9,93/100 mil) concentraram a maior carga das infecções. Houve queda dos coeficientes no Brasil, em todas as regiões, nos anos de covid-19 (2020 e 2021). Os maiores coeficientes foram visualizados nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, do Mato Grosso do Sul e do Amazonas, com aglomerados alto-alto nas capitais, em regiões de fronteira e no litoral do país. Os municípios pertencentes aos estados de Minas Gerais, da Bahia, do Paraná e do Piauí apresentaram clusters baixo-baixo. Houve correlação direta com os índices de desenvolvimento humano e as taxas de aids, bem como indireta com a proporção de pobres ou vulneráveis à pobreza e o índice de Gini. CONCLUSÕES A análise espacial da coinfecção tuberculose-HIV demonstrou heterogeneidade no território brasileiro e comportamento constante ao longo do período, revelando clusters com municípios de alta carga, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos e nos estados com ocorrência elevada do HIV e/ou da tuberculose. Esses achados, além de trazerem um alerta para os efeitos da pandemia da covid-19, podem incorporar o planejamento estratégico para o controle da coinfecção, visando à eliminação dessas infecções como problemas de saúde pública até 2030.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the geospatialization of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in Brazil, from 2010 to 2021, and the correlation with socioeconomic, housing, and health indicators. METHODS An ecological study of Brazilian municipalities and states, with data from HIV and tuberculosis information systems, previously reported by the Ministry of Health. The crude and smoothed coefficients were calculated by the local empirical Bayesian method of incidence of coinfection per 100,000 inhabitants in the population aged between 18 and 59 years. Univariate (identification of clusters) and bivariate (correlation with 20 indicators) Moran’s indices were used. RESULTS A total of 122,223 cases of coinfection were registered in Brazil from 2010 to 2021, with a mean coefficient of 8.30/100,000. The South (11.44/100,000) and North (9.93/100,000) regions concentrated the highest burden of infections. The coefficients dropped in Brazil, in all regions, in the years of covid-19 (2020 and 2021). The highest coefficients were observed in the municipalities of the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Amazonas, with high-high clusters in the capitals, border regions, coast of the country. The municipalities belonging to the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, Paraná, and Piauí showed low-low clusters. There was a direct correlation with human development indices and aids rates, as well as an indirect correlation with the proportion of poor or of those vulnerable to poverty and the Gini index. CONCLUSIONS The spatial analysis of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection showed heterogeneity in the Brazilian territory and constant behavior throughout the period, revealing clusters with high-burden municipalities, especially in large urban centers and in states with a high occurrence of HIV and/or tuberculosis. These findings, in addition to alerting to the effects of the covid-19 pandemic, can incorporate strategic planning for the control of coinfection, aiming to eliminate these infections as public health problems by 2030.

Abstract This study characterized the beverage of passion fruit and whey protein added with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). The acidity, pH, soluble solids, protein, phenolic compounds, and color of the sample did not differ during the 28 days at 5°C. The LGG counts in the beverage remained >7.70 log CFU/mL during the evaluation period. However, the LGG count was significantly reduced after the in vitro simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) evaluation (reduction of 5 logarithmic cycles after processing). On the other hand, the LGG resistance to GIT increased during the shelf-life of the beverage (LGG count of ~ 4.0 log CFU/mL after 28 days). In addition, the LGG count after GIT increased by approximately 2.0 logarithmic cycles when microencapsulation and fermentation technologies were used in beverage processing. Thus, the product has the potential to be commercialized, due to high viability of LGG use to increase the resistance of LGG to GIT.

ABSTRACT: Thoracoscopy is replacing open lung biopsies because it is less invasive, usually the technique is done using three portals and intracorporeal suture technique. This study described the feasibility and efficacy of a novel pre tied loop ligature and to propose a thoracoscopic access strategy with two portals to perform lung biopsy in patients under 5 kg. Ten rabbits were positioned in dorsal recumbency. Total thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed using a combined transdiaphragmatic approach and a right intercostal approach. A pre tied loop ligature was placed to perform a caudal lung lobe biopsy. Insufflation of the thoracic cavity was not performed. The total surgery time was 41.4 ± 14.5 min. The procedure was carried out free of complications that prevented slippage or tightening the knot or that made it come loose after the lung biopsy; there was no serious complication during the surgical procedure. The samples obtained averaged 1x0.64x0.45 cm (Length, Width, Depth) and were considered satisfactory according to the histopathologic evaluation. Thorax radiographs taken before and after the surgeries were compared and showed no pneumothorax or hemothorax. Necropsy confirmed no knot failure occurred at the biopsy site. The use of the novel pre tied loop ligature is a safe and effective technique, avoiding problems with the limited size of the thoracic cavity in small patients.

RESUMO: A toracoscopia está substituindo as biópsias pulmonares abertas por ser menos invasiva. Usualmente a técnica é feita utilizando três portais e ligaduras feitas intra corporalmente. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a viabilidade e eficácia de uma nova ligadura com alça pré-amarrada e propor uma estratégia de acesso toracoscópico com dois portais para realizar biópsia pulmonar em pacientes com menos de 5kg. Dez coelhos foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal. A biópsia pulmonar por toracoscopia total foi feita pela abordagem combinada transdiafragmática e abordagem intercostal direita. Uma nova ligadura pré-amarrada foi colocada para realizar uma biópsia do lobo pulmonar caudal. Não foi realizada insuflação da cavidade torácica. O tempo total de cirurgia foi de 41,4 ± 14,5 min. Os procedimentos foram realizados sem complicações que impedissem o escorregamento ou aperto do nó ou que o soltassem após a biópsia pulmonar; não houve nenhuma intercorrência grave durante o procedimento cirúrgico. As amostras coletadas tinham tamanho médio 1x0,64x0,45 cm e foram consideradas satisfatórias de acordo com a avaliação histopatológica. As radiografias de tórax feitas antes e depois das cirurgias foram comparadas e não mostraram pneumotórax ou hemotórax. A necropsia confirmou que não ocorreu falha do nó no local da biópsia. Conclui-se que uso da nova ligadura com alça pré-amarrada é uma técnica segura e eficaz, evitando problemas com o tamanho limitado da cavidade torácica em pacientes pequenos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and analyze content and face validity evidence of a board game to promote healthy lifestyle habits for patients with coronary artery disease. Method: this is a psychometric study of development and validity of a board game for health education. Data collection was carried out between October 2021 and January 2022. Initially, the game rules were described and, sequentially, themes related to cardiovascular prevention were identified, used as a basis for card development. The game was submitted to assessment by 14 experts in terms of clarity, theoretical relevance, practical relevance, image visibility and relationship between image and text, through a Likert scale score. The content validity coefficient was calculated for each round, with a coefficient greater than 0.57 being considered valid. New assessment rounds were performed until the appropriate coefficient was reached. Results: the board game was built containing images of anthropomorphized hearts alluding to healthy lifestyle habits and 45 spaces. A total of 69 cards were developed containing the themes of healthy eating, physical activity and the importance of smoking and alcohol cessation. In the first round of assessment, three cards did not reach the minimum content validity coefficient. They were reformulated and sent to a second round of assessment, and was considered validated in this new round. Conclusion: the game, its rules and its content showed adequate content validity evidence after the second round. Further studies to analyze its effect on lifestyle modification should be carried out.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar y analizar evidencias de validez de contenido y apariencia de un juego de mesa para promover hábitos de vida saludables en pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria. Método: estudio psicométrico de desarrollo y validación de un juego de mesa para educación en salud. Os dados se recopilaron desde octubre de 2021 hasta noviembre de 2022. Inicialmente, se describieron las reglas del juego y, en forma secuencial, se identificaron temas relacionados con la prevención cardiovascular, utilizado como base para el desarrollo de gráficos. El juego fue sometido a la evaluación de 14 especialistas en términos de claridad, pertinencia teórica, pertinencia práctica, nitidez de las imágenes y relación entre la imagen y el texto, a través de la puntuación de la escala Likert. Se calculó el coeficiente de validez de contenido para cada ronda, considerándose válido un coeficiente superior a 0,57. Se realizaron nuevas rondas de evaluación hasta alcanzar el coeficiente adecuado. Resultados: se construyó el juego de mesa que contenía imágenes de corazones antropomorfizados alusivos a hábitos de vida saludables y 45 casas. Se desarrollaron 69 cartas que contenían los temas de alimentación saludable, actividad física y la importancia de dejar de fumar y de beber alcohol. En la primera ronda de evaluación, tres letras no alcanzaron el coeficiente mínimo de validez de contenido. Fueron reformulados y enviados a la segunda ronda de evaluación, considerándose validados en esta nueva ronda. Conclusión: el juego, sus reglas y su contenido mostraron evidencia adecuada de validez de contenido después de la segunda ronda. Se deben realizar más estudios para analizar su efecto en la modificación del estilo de vida.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver e analisar evidências de validade de conteúdo e de face de um jogo de tabuleiro para promoção de hábitos saudáveis de vida para pacientes com doença arterial coronariana. Método: estudo psicométrico de desenvolvimento e validação de um jogo de tabuleiro para educação em saúde A coleta de dados foi realizada entre os meses de outubro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022. Inicialmente, foram descritas as regras do jogo e sequencialmente foram identificados temas relacionados à prevenção cardiovascular, usados como base para o desenvolvimento de cartas. O jogo foi submetido à avaliação de 14 especialistas em relação à clareza, relevância teórica, pertinência prática, nitidez das imagens e relação da imagem com o texto, por meio da pontuação em escala de Likert. Foi calculado o coeficiente de validade de conteúdo para cada rodada, sendo considerado válido um coeficiente superior a 0,57. Novas rodadas de avaliação foram realizadas até que o coeficiente adequado fosse atingido. Resultados: o jogo de tabuleiro foi construído contendo imagens de corações antropomorfizados aludindo a hábitos saudáveis de vida e 45 casas. Foram desenvolvidas 69 cartas contendo as temáticas de alimentação saudável, atividade física e a importância da cessação do tabagismo e do álcool. Na primeira rodada de avaliação, três cartas não atingiram o coeficiente de validade de conteúdo mínimo. Foram reformuladas e enviadas para a segunda rodada de avaliação, sendo consideradas validadas nessa nova rodada. Conclusão: o jogo, suas regras e seu conteúdo apresentaram adequadas evidências de validade de conteúdo após a segunda rodada. Estudos posteriores para análise do seu efeito na modificação do estilo de vida devem ser realizados.

Abstract Brazil is among the largest apple producers in the world (Malus domestica Bork, Rosaceae), with production concentrated mainly in the southern of the country. Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) have economic importance in apple and, recently, Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Eriophyidae), was reported in Brazil. This review aims to delineate the distribution of the acarofauna associated to apple, with emphasis on the main groups of economic importance and their potential natural enemies and highlight the problems related to phytophagous species and management possibilities. Searches were carried out in databases, and the principal keywords were Aculus schlechtendali, Malus domestica and Panonychus ulmi. After the exclusion criteria resulted 166 publications. The social and economic importance of the apple has been increasing on the world, however, due to environmental imbalance, phytophagous mites are increasing their populations and acquiring resistance against acaricides. Panonychus ulmi has been reported in America for decades, being of economic importance for Brazil and the record of A. schlechtendali alerts to the possibility of damage in orchards in the country. Therefore, it is important that the literature be evaluated, that the mite species are identified and that forms of conscious management are developed. Prioritizing the human and animal health and environmental balance.

Abstract GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) and GPS (Global Positioning System) are the pioneer satellite navigation systems. The combined use of GPS and GLONASS data initially aroused interest, but research investigating both signals declined greatly in the late nineties due to the fast degradation that GLONASS suffered. However, after a plan to re-establish the system, in 2011 GLONASS returned to a complete constellation and global coverage. In addition to the reestablishment, the system also went through a modernization process, with new generations of satellites being developed, refinements of the time and reference systems and new control stations being installed. Besides the use of combined data, other factors that influence the positioning quality are the methods employed and the errors to which the transmitted signals are subject. Regarding errors, the ionosphere is an important source, especially for users of simple frequency receivers. Considering this scenario, the present work aimed to conduct a study of the GLONASS system, as well as to analyze the improvements presented in the positioning using its data combined with GPS data in different positioning methods, considering different ionospheric conditions. In general, it was possible to verify the viability of using GLONASS data combined with GPS in all the positioning methods evaluated. In general, it was possible to verify the viability of using GLONASS data combined with GPS in all the positioning methods evaluated, with improvement in more than 97% of the cases analyzed for point positioning and around 70% of the cases with relative positioning.

Resumo O GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) e o GPS (Global Positioning System) são os sistemas pioneiros de navegação global por satélite. A utilização combinada de dados GPS e GLONASS despertou interesse inicialmente, mas as pesquisas com investigação de ambos os sinais diminuíram muito no final da década de noventa devido à rápida degradação que o GLONASS sofreu. Porém, após um plano de restabelecimento do sistema, em 2011 o GLONASS voltou a contar com constelação completa e cobertura global. Além do restabelecimento, o sistema passou ainda por um processo de modernização, com novas gerações de satélites desenvolvidas, refinamentos dos sistemas de tempo e referência e novas estações de controle instaladas. Além do uso de dados combinados, outros fatores que influenciam a qualidade do posicionamento são os métodos empregados e os erros aos quais os sinais transmitidos estão sujeitos. Em relação aos erros, a ionosfera é uma importante fonte, especialmente para usuários de receptores de simples frequência. Com este cenário, o presente trabalho buscou realizar um estudo sobre o sistema GLONASS, bem como analisar as melhorias apresentadas no posicionamento utilizando seus dados combinados aos dados GPS em diferentes métodos de posicionamento, considerando diferentes condições ionosféricas. De modo geral, foi possível verificar a viabilidade do uso de dados GLONASS combinados ao GPS em todos os métodos de posicionamento avaliados, com melhoria em mais de 97% dos casos analisados para o posicionamento por ponto e em torno de 70% dos casos com posicionamento relativo.

Abstract High-temperature cyclic oxidation is governed by various cycle parameters (maximum temperature, cooling and heating rates, exposure time at high temperature) and atmosphere (composition, temperature, and pressure), complicating the evaluation of the effect of each parameter by itself. This study used a factorial design to evaluate three influential parameters in cyclic oxidation: alloy composition, upper dwell time (UDT), and surface finish. The method requires fewer experiments than ones previously used and can identify interactions between parameter effects. Two alloys, a ferritic Fe-5.9Si-3.9Cr-4.5Ni-0.8C (FeSiCr) alloy and conventional austenitic stainless steel AISI 310 were exposed to air at 950 °C for 100 h. Two different surface finishes (#220 and #600 SiC sandpaper) and two UDTs (30 and 60 minutes) were used. Mass variation data from eight different exposure times and metal/oxide interface roughness were analyzed. The FeSiCr alloy oxide layer was also characterized to complement the statistical analysis results. It was observed that different test stages were governed by different parameters. The surface finish was relevant at the beginning of the test, whereas UDT was relevant at the end. Interactions were irrelevant thorough the test. FeSiCr presented a promising behavior, with similar mass variation and higher oxide spallation resistance than AISI 310.

ABSTRACT Anthidiini comprise a large, diversified, and widely distributed tribe of megachiline bees. Recently, morphological and molecular analyses recovered five major monophyletic groups within the tribe. For this reason, we review the current classification of the tribe, giving status of subtribe to these lineages. A new subtribe, Epanthidiina (type genus: Epanthidium Moure), is proposed for a large group restricted to the Neotropical region. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses support the taxonomic limits of the new subtribe. We also propose a new genus, Urbanthidium (type species: Anthodioctes gracilis Urban), in order to accommodate results from a previous study in which Anthodioctes Holmberg came out paraphyletic. Two species are transferred to the new genus: Urbanthidium gracile (Urban) comb. n., Urbanthidium psaenythioides (Holmberg) comb. n.

Abstract: The ionospheric scintillation associated to small-scale irregularities in the ionospheric layer can lead to performance degradation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals, and the reduction of positioning accuracy. The influence of the ionospheric layer on the GNSS systems is expected to be different for each signal since it is transmitted on different carrier frequencies. This paper presents the results of a quantitative analysis of the scintillation amplitude of GPS (Global Positioning System) signals at L1, L2 and L5 frequencies, aiming to evaluate the impact of the ionospheric scintillation effects on the GPS frequencies. As the ionospheric scintillation may impact positioning accuracy, we also present an assessment of GPS point positioning using those frequencies. The GPS sample data were collected for 30 days between November and December 2014 at SJCE station located in São José dos Campos (SP), Brazil. Such a region is subjected to the equatorial anomaly effects being characterized by the occurrence of strong ionosphere scintillation. Considering the quantitative analysis, during the different levels of ionospheric scintillation presented a similar behavior, the magnitude of scintillations is small for the L1 signal and larger for L5. In general, the results confirmed that lower frequencies (L2 and L5) suffer more impact from intense scintillation than L1. Regarding the positioning assessment, the multi-frequency positioning was more accurate than single frequency. Considering dual-frequency positioning, results with L1-L2 were more accurate than those with L1-L5 signals. With single-frequency positioning, the L1 signal was more accurate compared to the L2 frequency.

The brewing waste, also known as trub, is an abundant by-product of the brewing industry. Such material presents high levels of phenolic compounds, which promote antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal effects, turning the trub economically attractive. In this study, the trub’s phenolic compounds were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology. Such experiments were conducted according to a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), with the evaluated parameters being ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature. Response surface methodology (RSM) described the effect of process’ variables through second order polynomial models, adjusted appropriately for such analysis, and optimized the operating conditions, aiming to obtain the maximum extraction of phenolic compounds through the proposed technique. The extraction’s optimal conditions for the evaluated variables were ethanol concentration of 58%, solid-liquid ratio of 1 g per 32 mL, and extraction temperature of 36 ºC, during a 30 minute process. Considering such experimental conditions, the total amount of phenolic compounds was equal to 7.23 mg of gallic acid g-1 trub, indicating that a great concentration of phenolic compounds can be extracted from this material through the proposed technique. Thus, this indicates that trub might be a promising by-product that can be used in different industrial fields.

Resumo No presente artigo, analisa-se o efeito da orientação solar no comportamento térmico e de percepção do usuário em dois ambientes de uma câmara bioclimática de baixo custo (CBBC), testados com orientações solares opostas da fachada com janela. Foram utilizadas técnicas de avaliação pós-ocupação (APO) e medições in loco, Zona Bioclimática 1, Curitiba/PR, Brasil. As sessões de avaliação do ambiente pelo usuário ocorreram no inverno de 2018, levantando-se variáveis subjetivas de 136 participantes voluntários. Do ponto de vista térmico, os resultados das medições objetivas foram corroborados pela percepção dos usuários, comprovando-se a contribuição térmica de fachadas com janela voltada para norte durante o inverno. A orientação da janela (norte/sul) levou a alterações na temperatura do ar e das superfícies internas, com efeitos no perfil vertical de temperatura e nos níveis de desempenho, mesmo para condições de uso de persiana, ou seja, sem ganhos de calor solar diretos no ambiente. A discrepância da temperatura do ar nos ambientes aumentou com aporte solar direto, chegando a uma diferença de 5,9 °C.

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the effect of solar orientation in terms of thermal performance and occupant perception in two indoor environments of a Cost-Effective Building Bioclimatic Chamber (CBBC), with window facades in two opposite solar orientations. This study employed Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) techniques and temperature measurements at CBBC in Bioclimatic Zone 1, Curitiba/PR, Brazil. The users’ evaluation sessions took place in the winter of 2018, with subjective evaluations by 136 voluntary participants. The results of the objective measurements were corroborated by the perceptions of users, proving the thermal contribution of north-facing window façades in winter. Window orientation (north/south) led to changes in air- and internal surface temperatures, with effects on the vertical profile of the temperature and on thermal performance levels, even for window configurations with closed shutters, i.e., without direct solar heat gains in the environment. The internal air temperature discrepancy increased with direct solar heat, reaching a difference of 5.9 °C.

Resumo Introdução A compra institucional para a alimentação escolar é uma oportunidade de incentivo a novas cadeias de abastecimento, sobretudo em nível local. Objetivo Avaliar a gestão municipal do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) relacionada ao fomento e aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar. Método Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico de estudos avaliativos no âmbito do PNAE para seleção dos indicadores e medidas pertinentes ao objeto e desenvolvido um modelo avaliativo. O modelo avaliativo foi pactuado após submissão a oficinas de consenso. Foi elaborado um questionário e enviado por meio eletrônico a 18 municípios de Santa Catarina. A amostra foi definida de forma intencional, e os municípios selecionados por meio de sorteio. Para avaliar as ações da gestão municipal do PNAE destinadas ao fomento e aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar, foram utilizados 5 indicadores, 9 medidas e suas respectivas questões. Resultados A avaliação dos municípios foi predominantemente “regular” (88%; n=14). Conclusão A avaliação apontou fragilidades da gestão municipal em relação ao desconhecimento da legislação e não aplicabilidade dos critérios previstos em normativa, especialmente quanto ao Planejamento de Cardápios, realização de Chamada Pública e seleção dos Projetos de Venda.

Abstract Background The institutional purchase for school feeding is an opportunity to encourage new supply chains, especially at the local level. Objective To evaluate the municipal management of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) related to the promotion and acquisition of food from family agriculture. Method A bibliographic survey of evaluative studies was carried out within the scope of the PNAE to select indicators and measures pertinent to the object and develop an evaluation model. The evaluative model was agreed after submission to consensus workshops. A questionnaire was developed and sent electronically to 18 municipalities of Santa Catarina. The sample was intentionally defined and the municipalities selected by lot. In order to evaluate the actions of municipal management of the PNAE for the promotion and acquisition of food from family agriculture, five indicators, 9 measures and their respective issues were used. Results The evaluation of municipalities was predominantly “regular” (88%, n = 14). Conclusion The evaluation pointed to fragilities of municipal management in relation to the lack of knowledge of the legislation and non-applicability of the criteria set forth in regulations, especially regarding menu planning, public call and selection of sales projects.

Resumo Justificativa: A medida da concentração de hemoglobina (Hb)por co-oximetria é uma técnica inovadora que oferece eficiência e agilidade no processamento das informações referentes à medida da concentração de hemoglobina obtida por meio de monitorização contínua, não-invasiva e rápida. Por conta desse atributo, evita exposições desnecessárias do paciente a procedimentos invasivos ao possibilitar redução da quantidade de amostras sanguíneas para avaliação e de outras terapêuticas desnecessárias. Além disso, auxilia a tomada de decisões quanto à necessidade de transfusão e quanto ao manejo da mesma. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho oferecido para a obtenção dos valores de concentração de hemoglobina entre medida não invasiva da Hb e a ferramenta padrão ouro (exame laboratorial). Conteúdo: O estudo corresponde a uma revisão sistemática seguida de metanálise que incluiu ensaios clínicos devidamente registrados com texto completo, publicados a partir de 1990 até 2018. Foram investigadas as bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, Embase e Web Of Science. A diferença média global encontrada entre os métodos não invasivo e invasivo de monitorização da hemoglobina foi de 0,23 (95% IC -0,16; 0,62), ou seja, não apresentou significância estatística (p = 0,250). Os resultados da análise de heterogeneidade dentro e entre os estudos, apontou níveis elevados de inconsistência (Q = 461,63, p< 0,0001, I2 = 98%). Conclusão: Embora a diferença média entre as medidas não invasivas da Hb e o método padrão ouro sejam pequenas, o co-oxímetro pode ser utilizado como um monitor não invasivo de “tendência” na detecção de alterações inesperadas nos níveis de Hb.

Abstract Background and objectives: The measurement of hemoglobin concentration (Hb) by co-oximetry is an innovative technique that offers efficiency and agility in the processing of information regarding the measurement of Hb obtained through continuous, non-invasive and rapid monitoring. Because of this attribute, it avoids unnecessary exposures of the patient to invasive procedures by allowing a reduction in the number of blood samples for evaluation and other unnecessary therapies. It also helps to make decisions about the need for transfusion and how to handle it. The objective of this study is to compare the performance offered to obtain Hb values between the Masimo Corporation (Irvine, CA, USA) instrument and the standard gold tool (laboratory examination). Contents: The study corresponds to a systematic review followed by meta-analysis, which included fully registered full-text clinical trials published from 1990 to 2018. PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases were investigated. The mean overall difference found between the non-invasive and invasive methods of hemoglobin monitoring was 0.23 (95% CI -0.16, 0.62), that is, it did not present statistical significance (p = 0.250). The results of the analysis of heterogeneity within and between the studies indicated high levels of inconsistency (Q = 461.63, p < 0.0001, I2 = 98%), method for Hb values. Conclusions: Although the mean difference between noninvasive measurements of Hb and the gold standard method is small, the co-oximeter can be used as a non-invasive “trend” monitor in detecting unexpected responses at Hb levels.

RESUMO Este é o primeiro estudo a investigar a contaminação por mercúrio (Hg) em espécies de felinos na Amazônia brasileira. Foram coletadas 26 amostras de pelo de felinos selvagens de quatro espécies (Puma concolor, Panthera onca, Leopardus pardalis e Leopardus wiedii) ocorrendo nas reservas de desenvolvimento sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã, no estado do Amazonas. As amostras foram coletadas de espécimes de museu, exceto cinco amostras de P. onca obtidas de indivíduos capturados em vida livre. As concentrações de Hg variaram de 0,12 a 48,1 µg g-1. Não houve diferença significativa entre a concentração de Hg no pelo de espécimes de museu e de indivíduos vivos de P. onca. Houve variação significativa entre espécies, sendo que P. onca e L. pardalis tiveram concentrações significativamente mais altas, o que pode estar relacionado a fatores como dieta e hábitat.

ABSTRACT This is the first study to investigate mercury (Hg) contamination in felid species in the Brazilian Amazon. We collected 26 fur samples from wild felids of four species (Puma concolor, Panthera onca, Leopardus pardalis and Leopardus wiedii) occurring in the Mamirauá and Amanã sustainable development reserves, in the state of Amazonas. Samples were from museum specimens, except for five P. onca samples collected from free-living individuals. Total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 48.1 µg g-1. Concentrations of Hg did not differ significantly between museum specimens and live individuals of P. onca, but varied significantly among species, with significantly higher concentrations for P. onca and L. pardalis, which could be related to factors such as diet and habitat.