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Physico-chemical characteristics of meat after dietary supplementation of lambs with essential oils and calcium malate
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Ortiz-Heredia, M.A.

; Bárcena-Gama, J.R.

; Martínez-Hernández, P.A.

; Guerrero-Rodriguez, J de D.

; González-Munoz, S.S.

; Vázquez-Mendoza, O.V.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2023, Volume 53 Nº 4 Páginas 541 - 549

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a mixture of essential oils (EO), calcium malate (CM), or their combination (EO + CM) on the physico-chemical characteristics of lamb meat. A total of 36, two-month-old, 20 ± 3 kg live weight, male lambs were allocated to individual cages and randomly distributed into four treatment groups: 1, basal diet (BD); 2, BD + 150 g of EO ton-1; 3, BD + 2.5 kg of CM ton-1; and 4: BD + 150 g EO + 2.5 kg CM ton-1. Feed and fresh water were available ad libitum to the lambs during the 56-day experiment. There was no difference in the chemical composition of the lamb meat although collagen was higher in the EO + CM treatment. The percentage of omega-3 and eicosapentaenoic acid was higher in the OE + CM group, but there were no differences in the total percentage of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids. The shear strength of raw meat was higher in the BD group, but the shear strength of cooked meat was lower in the EO group than in the BD or CM groups. There was no difference in water retention in raw meat or in water loss in cooked meat between groups. The colour of the meat was not affected by treatment. The EO and EO + CM groups had an increase in meat tenderness and the concentration of some unsaturated fatty acids, but this did not affect the colour or chemical composition of the lamb meat.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i4.08

Local ecological knowledge of fishers from southern and southeastern Brazil about the franciscana dolphin Pontoporia blainvillei: Strategies for conservation
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ARAUJO, SAMANTA C. DE

; BENEDITTO, ANA PAULA M. DI

; GATTS, CARLOS EDUARDO N.

; MOREIRA, SÉRGIO C.

; DOMIT, CAMILA

; GAMA, RENATA M.

; MARTINS, AGNALDO S.

; ZAPPES, CAMILAH A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Nº 1 elocation e20201111

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study compares local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers from the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWAO), Brazil, related to the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei). We conducted 330 ethnographic interviews in ten fishing communities in southern and southeastern Brazil between 2012 and 2018. Boolean or Classic Logic was used to identify 95 fishers who were able to recognize the franciscana dolphin accordingly to the taxonomic entity P. blainvillei: 23 in northern Espírito Santo state, one in southern Espírito Santo, 20 in northern Rio de Janeiro state, and 51 in northern Paraná state. Among these 95 fishers, 87.4% (n = 83) reported incidental captures in fishing nets. Among these, 52 (54.7%) did not know any solution to this problem. Interviews revealed that the fishers usually discard carcasses in the sea after fat and muscle tissue are removed so that they can be used as bait for shark fishing or as food. In Southeastern Brazil, fishers LEK related to their ability to identify franciscana dolphin varied from ‘no identification’ and ‘extremely low identification’ to ‘partial’ and ‘good identification,’ while in southern Brazil, fishers mainly presented a ‘good identification’ of the dolphins. We propose comanagement actions to conserve the franciscana dolphin in the SWAO.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320201111

EFFECT OF pH ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF WOOD VINEGAR (PYROLIGNEOUS EXTRACT) FROM EUCALYPTUS
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Gama, Gil Sander Próspero

; Pimenta, Alexandre Santos

; Feijó, Francisco Marlon Carneiro

; Santos, Caio Sérgio dos

; Castro, Renato Vinicius de Oliveira

; Azevedo, Tatiane Kelly Barbosa de

; Medeiros, Lúcio César Dantas de

Revista Árvore

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e4711

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The study aimed to assess the effect of progressive neutralization on the antimicrobial properties against bacteria and yeasts of wood vinegar obtained from the pyrolysis of Eucalyptus urograndis (clone I144) wood. Wood samples were carbonized at a heating rate of 0.9 °C min-1 until a final temperature of 450 °C, totalizing 8 hours of carbonization. The raw pyrolysis liquids were left to settle, and the aqueous fraction was separated. Then, the aqueous fraction (raw wood vinegar - WV) was purified to yield the WV. WV samples were collected and neutralized from pH 2.5 until 7.5 (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5, by adding NaOH solution. Through the broth microdilution method, the antimicrobial effect of the neutralized samples at each pH was assessed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus agalactiae (CEPA CLINICA), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (and fungicidal) concentrations were determined through in vitro technics. Results were subjected to logarithmic regression analysis, and statistical models were fitted for each microorganism in the assessed pH range; as pH increased, a progressive decrease in the CIM increased, demanding higher concentrations of WV to inhibit microbial growth. The more resistant strains were S. aureus and S. agalactiae, which required an increase in WV concentration from a minimum of 6.25% at pH 2.5 to reaching 50% at pH 6.0. When at pH 7.0, both strains were not inhibited even at 50% (the highest concentration evaluated in the study). In contrast, C. albicans proved to be the most sensitive strain, starting from 3.12% EP at pH 2.5 and requiring only 25% for inhibition at pH 7.0. The behavior of P. aeruginosa and S. enteritidis followed the pattern of C. albicans, differing only at pH 7.0, where they required 50% of EP. As observed, even at neutral and slightly alkaline pH, the inhibitory activity of EP on microbial growth was maintained to some extent. Nevertheless, even when neutral and slightly alkaline pH values are reached, the inhibitory activity remains at a certain level. Higher pH values of the WV were associated with lower antimicrobial activity. However, its activity remained even at neutral and slightly alkaline pH values.

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da neutralização progressiva na atividade antimicrobiana do extrato pirolenhoso (EP) da madeira do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis (clone I144). Amostras de madeira foram carbonizadas a uma taxa de aquecimento de 0.9 °C min-1 até a temperatura final de 450 °C, perfazendo 8 horas de carbonização. Os líquidos brutos da carbonização foram deixados em repouso e a fração aquosa foi separada. A fração aquosa correspondente ao EP bruto foi destilada obtendo o EP purificado. Alíquotas de EP purificado foram progressivamente neutralizadas do pH 2.5 até 7.5, respectivamente, 2,5, 3,0, 3,5, 4,0, 4,5, 5,0, 5,5, 6,0, 6,5, 7,0, e 7,5, por meio da adição de NaOH. Com o método da micro-diluição em caldo, o efeito antimicrobiano das amostras neutralizadas em cada pH foi avaliado contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus agalactiae (CEPA CLINICA) e Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). As concentrações inibitórias mínimas e as concentrações bactericida e fungicida mínimas foram determinadas por técnicas in vitro. Os resultados foram analisados por regressão logarítmica e modelos estatísticos foram ajustados para cada microrganismo em cada pH. Na determinação da CIM, foi detectada uma perda progressiva da atividade antimicrobiana do EP com a neutralização, exigindo, conforme o pH caminhava para 7.0, concentrações mais elevadas de EP para resultar em inibição. As cepas que demonstraram maior resistência foram S. aureus e S. agalactiae. Esses microrganismos partiram da exigência de concentrações de 6.25% de EP, em pH inicial (2.5), e chegaram a requerer 50% em pH 6.0. Quando em pH 7.0, ambas as cepas não foram inibidas nem a 50% (maior concentração avaliada no estudo). Em contrapartida, C. albicans se mostrou a cepa mais sensível, partindo de 3.12% de EP, em pH de 2.5, e exigindo apenas 25% para inibição em pH 7.0. O comportamento de P. aeruginosa e S. enteritidis acompanhou o padrão da C. albicans, diferenciando-se apenas em pH 7.0, onde exigiram 50% de EP. Como observado, mesmo em pH neutro e ligeiramente alcalino, a atividade inibitória do EP ao crescimento microbiano se manteve em certa extensão.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820230000011

Vertical transmission of HIV to neonates in a reference hospital in Northeastern Brazil from 2013 to 2017
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Figueredo, Vaneça Santos Leal

; Monteiro, Denise Leite Maia

; Batista, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena

; Gama, Mônica Elinor Alves

; Campos, Aline Santos Furtado

; Pinto, Adna Gesarone Carvalho Ferreira

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2023, Volume 65 elocation e34

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of Mother-to-child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV to neonates in a reference university hospital in Sao Luis city, the capital of Maranhao State (MA), evaluating MTCT-associated factors. A retrospective cohort study based on data from the Notifiable Diseases Data System (SINAN) was carried out and included all HIV-exposed neonates notified from 2013 to 2017 by the university hospital. The study population comprised 725 HIV-exposed neonates, of whom 672 neonates were exposed and uninfected, and 53 were exposed and infected. The estimated rate of MTCT in the period of 2013 to 2017 was 7.3%. Most pregnant women were ≥ 20 years old (86.9%), reported ≥ 8 years of schooling (53.2%), reported full-time or independent paid work (46.9%) and were residents in other cities of the state (61.7%). Regarding healthcare, 86.3% received prenatal care, 74.6% received Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) as prophylaxis during pregnancy, 81.8% received ART prophylaxis during childbirth and 78.1% underwent cesarean section. Among the neonates, 92.8% received ART prophylaxis and 94.3% were not breastfed. Despite these variables, the 7.3% MTCT rate found in this study makes it clear that the interventions recommended by the Ministry of Health were not fully adopted.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202365034

Scientific diving in Brazil: history, present and perspectives
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Leite, Tatiana S.

; Pinheiro, Igor E.

; Berchez, Flávio

; Bertoncini, Áthila A.

; Cima, Oswaldo M. Del

; Demetrescu, Irene E.

; Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B.

; Kikuchi, Ruy K.P

; Machado, Arthur A.

; Maia-Nogueira, Rodrigo

; Martins, Flavio L.

; Mendes, Liana F.

; Rambelli, Gilson

; Sampaio, Claudio L.S.

; Segal, Barbara

; Aguiar, Aline A.

; Auler, Augusto S.

; Barroco-Neto, José

; Bonaldo, Roberta M.

; Buchmann, Francisco S.

; Calippo, Flavio

; Cesar, Augusto

; Gama, Matheus A.C.

; Ghilardi-Lopes, Natalia

; Leão, Zelinda M.A.N.

; Lessa, Guilherme C.

; Menegola, Carla

; Pinheiro, Hudson T.

; Rocha, Luiz A.

; Sabino, José

; Seoane, José C.S.

; Sestokas, Julia

; Tiago, Cláudio C.

; Wegner, Ewerton

; Lotufo, Tito

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 elocation e23045

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Scientific diving (SD) is defined as any diving activity that applies scientific procedures to produce subsidies for studies and technical works in underwater environments. The first report of an underwater scientific study in Brazil dates to the 19th century, in the Abrolhos reefs. Currently, in Brazil, scientific diving has been performed in various areas, from shallow coastal regions to remote and sometimes hard-to-reach places, such as oceanic islands, flooded caves, and icy areas like Antarctica. However, the regulation of SD in Brazil still lacks more concrete actions towards an effective and efficient self-regulation that offers physical safety to practitioners and institutional safeguards for organizations that use it in their research projects. Thus, this article aims to contribute to a better understanding of this critical issue in Brazil and to serve as a reference and incentive for the training of professionals and the development of these activities in the country. It includes: 1) a historical review of SD; 2) a diagnosis of the training and application of SD in Brazil; 3) the evolution of marine sciences in Brazil from the perspective of SD; 4) a review of the use of environmental assessment and underwater conservation techniques in oceans and internal waters; 5) an analysis of the evolution of scientific diver training in Brazil, including a diagnosis on training; 6) the history and updates of the rules, regulations, and safety of SD. Given all the potential of diving combined with specific techniques for research, monitoring, and marine and limnic science in Brazil, we aim to understand the evolution of scientific diving teaching and to outline perspectives in the country, as it is crucial for the training of qualified scientists capable of performing these underwater tasks. Finally, we present future plans for the development of this activity in Brazil from the point of view of research and the labor market.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.23036tsl

Ecophysiological aspects of the germination of Physalis angulata L. seeds
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Santiago, Willen R.

; Gama, Juliana S. N.

; Benedito, Clarisse P.

; Sousa, Emerson de M.

; Torres, Salvador B.

Revista Caatinga

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2023, Volume 36 Nº 4 Páginas 980 - 987

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae), known as ‘camapu’, has pharmacological and agroindustrial potentials, but information on the ecophysiological aspects that influence germination is scarce. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the expression of the physiological potential of P. angulata seeds as a function of the maturation stage, temperature, substrate and light condition. Four experiments were conducted: in the first, the maturation stages (green calyx + fruit, yellow calyx + fruit and light brown calyx + fruit) were evaluated at temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C, separately; in the second, the interaction between the temperatures of 35, 40 and 45 °C and types of substrate (on paper, between paper and between vermiculite) was tested in a 3x3 factorial scheme (temperatures as the first factor and types of substrates as the second factor); in the third experiment, the effect of light (absence of light, white light, red and far-red light) was evaluated; and, in the fourth, increasing values of photoperiods (0, 8, 12 and 16 hours) were used. In all experiments, the design was completely randomized with four replicates of 50 seeds. Analysis of the results showed that there was no interaction between the temperatures and the substrates tested, demonstrating the isolated action of the factors. P. angulata seeds expressed better physiological potential when the calyx and fruit are yellow. In the germination test, the seeds should be sown between paper towels, under temperature of 35 °C and absence of light.

RESUMO Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae), conhecida por camapu, possui potenciais farmacológico e agroindustrial, porém são escassas as informações sobre os aspectos ecofisiológicos que influenciam a germinação. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a expressão do potencial fisiológico de sementes de P. angulata em função do estádio de maturação, temperatura, substrato e condição luminosa. Para isso, conduziram-se quatro experimentos: no primeiro, avaliou-se os estádios de maturação (cálice + fruto verdes, cálice + fruto amarelos e cálice + fruto marrom-claros) nas temperaturas de 25; 30 e 35 °C, separadamente; no segundo, testouse a interação entre as temperaturas 35; 40 e 45°C e tipos de substrato (sobre papel, entre papel e entre vermiculita) em esquema fatorial 3x3 (sendo o primeiro fato as temperaturas e o segundo os tipos de substratos); no terceiro experimento, avaliou-se o efeito da luz (ausência de luz, luz branca, luz na frequência do vermelho e do vermelho-distante); e, no quarto, utilizaram-se valores crescentes de fotoperíodos (0; 8; 12 e 16 horas). Em todos os experimentos o delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Na análise dos resultados foi visto que não houve interação entre as temperaturas e os substratos testados, demonstrando a atuação isolada dos fatores. As sementes de P. angulata expressaram melhor potencial fisiológico quando o cálice e o fruto estão amarelos. No teste de germinação, as sementes devem ser semeadas entre papel toalha, sob a temperatura de 35 °C e ausência de luz.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n425rc

Clozapine prescription trends in Brazil in the last decade
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Massuda, Raffael

; Gama, Clarissa S.

; Belmonte-de-Abreu, Paulo

; Elkis, Helio

; de Lucena, David Freitas

; Bressan, Rodrigo

; Noto, Cristiano

; Gadelha, Ary

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Dez 2022, Volume 44 Nº 6 Páginas 635 - 638

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objective: Clozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic indicated for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Studies in several countries have shown a low rate of clozapine use despite the fact that approximately 30% of schizophrenia cases are treatment-resistant. In Brazil, few studies have addressed the frequency and variety of antipsychotic use in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (ICD F20). The objective of this study was to measure the rates of clozapine use in this population in the last decade using Brazilian Ministry of Health data. Methods: Prescriptions made between 2010 and 2020 in all 26 states and the Federal District registered at the Outpatient Information System Database from the Brazilian Health System (SIASUS) were evaluated. Results: A total of 25,143,524 prescriptions were recorded in this period, with clozapine representing 8.86% of all antipsychotics. The most frequently prescribed antipsychotic for patients with schizophrenia was olanzapine (35.8%), followed by quetiapine (27.5%). From 2010 to 2020, the rate of clozapine prescriptions in Brazil increased from 7.2% to 10.9%. Conclusions: Despite a slight increase in prescriptions in the last decade, clozapine is still underutilized in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2022-2572

Language of instruction: a critical aspect of epistemological access to higher education in South Africa
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Xulu-Gama, N.

; Hadebe, S.

South African Journal of Higher Education

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Nov 2022, Volume 36 Nº 5 Páginas 291 - 307

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The article discusses language as a critical aspect of epistemological access to higher education in South Africa through a critical analysis of students' views on language preferences and attitudes at Durban University of Technology (DUT). Language of instruction at higher education institutions is one amongst a plethora of challenges faced in providing equity in higher education in a socially divided post-apartheid South Africa. This discussion of language and access takes place within broader epistemological access challenges faced in South African higher education. The data generated by 45 semi-structured interviews with undergraduate students from six faculties was collected as part of an institution-wide "Who are our students?" research project. The phenomenological thematic analysis arose from the three research questions asked: what is your home language and what language would you prefer to be taught in and why? Some students did not provide an explanation for their choice as they felt it was self-evident, while some provided interesting reasons for their choices. A critical analysis of the findings using Morrow's epistemological access theory is conducted against the backdrop of the context of English dominance over indigenous languages; the history of South African higher education, current DUT and higher education policy as it pertains to language and the subsequent challenges around equitable access.

https://doi.org/10.20853/36-5-4788

Insecticidal activity of Piper aduncum oil: variation in dillapiole content and chemical and toxicological stability during storage
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FAZOLIN, Murilo

; MONTEIRO, André Fabio Medeiros

; BIZZO, Humberto Ribeiro

; GAMA, Paola Ervatti

; VIANA, Luana de Oliveira

; LIMA, Maria Érica Costa de

Acta Amazonica

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Set 2022, Volume 52 Nº 3 Páginas 179 - 188

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O efeito inseticida do óleo essencial de Piper aduncum (OEPA) e, particularmente, de seu constituinte dilapiol [1-alil-2,3-dimetoxi-4,5-(metilenodioxi) benzeno], está bem documentado na literatura e pode estar associado à sua interferência na desintoxicação enzimática em artrópodes. No entanto, não existem dados sobre a amplitude de teores de dilapiol associados à atividade inseticida, o que é necessário para estabelecer parâmetros de dose-atividade confiáveis para um produto formulado. A composição do óleo também pode sofrer alterações durante seu armazenamento após a destilação, principalmente devido a fatores ambientais como incidência de luz, oxigênio atmosférico e temperatura, que podem ser deletérios à qualidade do óleo. Neste estudo, durante quatro anos, OEPA submetido a diferentes condições de armazenamento e suas frações retificadas foram submetidos a bioensaios para avaliar seu efeito inseticida por contato tópico e contato residual contra Spodoptera frugiperda. Nossos objetivos foram determinar a relação entre o teor de dilapiol e a atividade inseticida do OEPA, e avaliar suas propriedades químicas e toxicológicas ao longo do tempo sob diferentes condições. Nossos resultados mostraram que o OEPA foi estável em relação ao teor de dilapiol e o efeito toxicológico contra S. frugiperda sob diferentes condições de armazenamento durante quatro anos. A composição química do OEPA não variou significativamente entre as condições de armazenamento. OEPA com teor de dilapiol entre 68% e 100% apresentou maior toxicidade inseticida por contato residual e tópico contra larvas de S. frugiperda.

ABSTRACT The insecticidal effect of the essential oil of Piper aduncum (EOPA), and of its constituent dillapiole [1-allyl-2,3-dimethoxy-4,5-(methylenedioxy) benzene] in particular, is well documented in the literature and can be associated with its interference with the enzymatic detoxification in arthropods. However, no data exist on the range of dillapiole content associated with insecticidal activity, which is necessary to establish reliable dose-activity parameters for a formulated product. The oil composition can also change during storage after distillation, mainly due to environmental factors such as light incidence, atmospheric oxygen and temperature, which can be deleterious to oil quality. In this study, EOPA subjected to different storage conditions over four years and its rectified fractions were submitted to bioassays to evaluate their insecticidal effect by topical contact and residual contact against Spodoptera frugiperda. Our objectives were to determine the relationship between dillapiole content and the insecticidal activity of EOPA, and to evaluate its chemical and toxicological properties over time under different conditions. Our results showed that EOPA was stable with respect to the dillapiole content and the toxicological effect against S. frugiperda under different storage conditions for four years. The overall chemical composition of the EOPA did not vary significantly among storage conditions. EOPA with dillapiole content ranging between 68% and 100% showed greater insecticidal toxicity by residual and topical contact against S. frugiperda larvae.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202102292

10.

Cascade Modeling of the Measuring System Used to Assess S-Parameters of Anchor Rods on Power Transmission Lines Guyed Towers
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Tarragô, V. L.

; Melo, M. T. de

; Novo, Lauro R. G. S. Lourenço

; Barbosa, Douglas C. P.

; Coutinho, Marcelo. S.

; de Medeiros, Luiz H. A.

; Alves, Marcelo M.

; dos Santos, Renan G. M.

; Lott Neto, Henrique B. D. T.

; Gama, Paulo H. R. P.

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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Mar 2022, Volume 21 Nº 1 Páginas 35 - 47

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The structural condition of the cable-stayed towers anchorage on power transmission lines requires constant monitoring. Maintenance routines must be able to identify faulty anchor rods and substitute them to avoid tower collapses and power delivery interruptions. Modern statistical diagnostic systems based on machine learning requires the generation of several distinct rod sample signals to be trained, which is a time-consuming process in typical electromagnetic solvers. Aiming to generate samples in a feasible time span, this paper presents a modeling strategy based on the cascade analysis of the transmission line composed by the anchor and the reference rods, interconnected by a dedicated high-frequency connector. Each distinct transmission line part is modeled by a quadrupole as a partial ABCD matrix. The complete response for each experimental setup is obtained from the cascaded-multiplying of the partial matrices. The proposed modeling proved to be accurate and provides a faster way to obtain the S-parameters from distinct faulty rods if compared to the traditional methodologies using electromagnetic tools.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742022v21i1253757

11.

Heterogeneous trajectories in schizophrenia: insights from neurodevelopment and neuroprogression models
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Reckziegel, Ramiro

; Czepielewski, Letícia S.

; Hasse-Sousa, Mathias

; Martins, Dayane S.

; de Britto, Maria J.

; Lapa, Clara de O.

; Schwartzhaupt, Alexandre W.

; Gama, Clarissa S.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Fev 2022, Volume 44 Nº 1 Páginas 74 - 80

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The notion that schizophrenia is a neuroprogressive disorder is based on clinical perception of cumulative impairments over time and is supported by neuroimaging and biomarker research. Nevertheless, increasing evidence has indicated that schizophrenia first emerges as a neurodevelopmental disorder that could follow various pathways, some of them neuroprogressive. The objective of this review is to revisit basic research on cognitive processes and neuroimaging findings in a search for candidate keys to the intricate connections between neurodevelopment and neuroprogression in schizophrenia. In the complete panorama, schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, possibly associated with an additional burden over the course of the disease through pathologically accelerated aging, and cognitive heterogeneity may explain the different trajectories of each patient.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1670

12.

Cannabinoid receptor gene polymorphisms and cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia and controls
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Ferretjans, Rodrigo

; de Souza, Renan P.

; Panizzutti, Bruna

; Ferrari, Pâmela

; Mantovani, Lucas

; de Campos-Carli, Salvina M.

; Santos, Rafael R.

; Guimarães, Fernanda C.

; Teixeira, Antonio L.

; Gama, Clarissa S.

; Salgado, João V.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Fev 2022, Volume 44 Nº 1 Páginas 26 - 34

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objective: To test the hypothesis that genetic variations of cannabinoid receptors contribute to the pathophysiology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Methods: In this genetic association case-control study, cannabinoid receptor polymorphisms CNR1 rs12720071 and CNR2 rs2229579 were tested for association with neurocognitive performance in 69 patients with schizophrenia and 45 healthy controls. Neurocognition was assessed by the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Results: We found a consistent association between CNR1 rs12720071 polymorphism and the cognitive performance of patients in several cognitive domains. Patients with C/C polymorphism presented significantly worse performance in motor speed, verbal fluency, attention/processing speed and reasoning/problem solving. Conclusion: Although limited, our data support the hypothesis that CNR1 variations may be associated with the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1650

13.

Risk of neutropenia among clozapine users and non-users: results from 5,847 patients
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Goldani, André Akira Sueno

; Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego

; Feiten, Jacson Gabriel

; Lobato, Maria Ines R.

; Belmonte-de-Abreu, Paulo S.

; Gama, Clarissa S.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Fev 2022, Volume 44 Nº 1 Páginas 21 - 25

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objective: Clozapine is underprescribed due to neutropenia risk. Blood tests every 3 months in those on continuous treatment for > 1 year who have never had an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 2,000/µL has been proposed as a monitoring strategy; however, there are no South American data to support this recommendation. This study sought to investigate whether clozapine use and other variables could explain the occurrence of ANC < 1,000/µL in patients with severe mental disorders. Methods: A total of 5,847 subjects were included, 1,038 on clozapine. We performed a Cox regression considering the outcome as ANC < 1,000/µL at any time point. Predictors were sex, age, ethnicity, clozapine use, ANC > 2,000/µL during the first year of blood monitoring, and presence of a severe medical condition. Results: In the Cox regression model, ethnicity (white) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.53; 95%CI 0.29-0.99, p < 0.05) and ANC > 2,000/µL (HR 0.04; 95%CI 0.01-0.10, p < 0.001) were protective factors, while presence of a severe medical condition (HR 69.35; 95%CI 37.45-128.44, p < 0.001) was a risk factor for ANC < 1,000/µL. Other variables were not significant, including clozapine use (HR 1.33; 95%CI 0.74-2.39, p > 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that clozapine does not increase the risk of neutropenia in subjects with ANC > 2,000/µL during the first year of use and in the absence of a severe medical condition. These results could help guide clinical and public-health decisions regarding clozapine blood monitoring guidelines.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2021-1765

14.

Temporal and vertical variation of phytoplankton and zooplankton in two tropical reservoirs with different trophic states
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DINIZ, ANAMARIA S.

; FILHO, SILVANO L.N.

; GAMA, WATSON A.

; MOURA, ARIADNE N.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Nº 2 elocation e20200624

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Abstract In tropical reservoirs, limnological factors are responsible for changes in plankton and vary at temporal and vertical scales. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of temporal and vertical variation of the water column on phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics in two tropical reservoirs (mesotrophic and supereutrophic) in Northeastern Brazil. Monthly collections from three depths in the limnetic region of the reservoirs were performed to analyze the phytoplankton, zooplankton, and limnological variables. The temporal and vertical variation of the physical and chemical water variables, including their interactions, influenced the phytoplankton and zooplankton community. In the supereutrophic reservoir, decreased nitrogen and increased phosphorus and temperature contributed to the dominance of Microcystis panniformis Komárek, Komárková-Legnerová, Sant’Anna, M.T.P.Azevedo & P.A.C.Senna. Conversely, Planktothrix agardhii (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek was dominant under high nitrogen concentrations and low temperatures. In the mesotrophic reservoir, the desmids were dominant and showed a positive relationship with nitrogen. Copepoda Calanoida was dominant and correlated to phytoplankton in both reservoirs. The results showed that nitrogen forms directly influenced phytoplankton, and the importance of nitrogen for management strategies of tropical reservoirs, as well as demonstrated the ability of Calanoida to adapt to different trophic conditions and phytoplankton compositions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220200624

15.

The methodology of the electrical conductivity test for Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds
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Silva, Ingrid M. H. de L. e

; Silva, Givanildo Z. da

; Coelho, Mirelle V.

; Gama, Gabriela F.

; Silva, Amalia A. S.

; Machado, Carla G.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Ago 2021, Volume 25 Nº 8 Páginas 553 - 559

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O teste de condutividade elétrica destaca-se por gerar respostas rápidas para diferenciação de lotes, no entanto, necessita-se de estudos visando o aprimoramento desta prática em sementes de cártamo. Objetivou-se verificar a eficiência e estabelecer metodologia do teste de condutividade elétrica para sementes de cártamo. Inicialmente, 12 lotes foram caracterizados quanto às propriedades físicas e potencial fisiológico. Para condutividade elétrica, o experimento foi efetuado em três etapas com os 12 lotes: primeiro determinou-se o período de embebição (2, 4, 6, 8, e 16 horas), em seguida avaliou-se o volume (50, 75, 100, 150 e 200 mL) e por fim determinou-se a quantidade de sementes (25 e 50). O teste de condutividade elétrica utilizando 25 sementes embebidas em 50 mL de água destilada no período de seis horas possibilita a diferenciação de lotes de sementes de cártamo. A análise multivariada dos componentes principais é eficiente na discriminação do vigor de lotes de sementes de cártamo.

ABSTRACT The electrical conductivity test stands out for generating quick responses for lot differentiation; however, studies are needed to improve this practice in safflower seeds. This study aimed to verify the efficiency and establish a methodology of the electrical conductivity test for safflower seeds. Initially, 12 lots were characterized regarding physical properties and physiological potential. For electrical conductivity, the experiment was carried out in three stages with the 12 lots: firstly, the soaking period was determined (2, 4, 6, 8, and 16 hours), then the volume was evaluated (50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 mL), and finally the number of seeds (25 and 50 seeds) was determined. The electrical conductivity test using 25 seeds in 50 mL of distilled water for six hours of soaking enables the differentiation of safflower seed lots. Multivariate analysis of principal components is efficient in discriminating the vigor of safflower seed lots.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n8p553-559 395 downloads

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