ABSTRACT The autoimmune bullous diseases (ASD) comprise a heterogeneous group of pathologies with a low frequency of presentation that presents a chronic evolution, with remissions, exacerbations and an important morbidity and mortality even with early and adequate treatment. There are few epidemiological studies in our population that include the entire spectrum of bullous diseases. Objectives : To determine the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of AAS, describe treatments performed, control time of disease activity and time from treatment initiation to complete remission. Determine relapses of the studied pathologies, evaluating if there is a relationship between them and some recognized factor. Materials and methods : Retrospective and descriptive study. All patients with clinical, histopathological and immunofluorescence diagnosis of the AAS who had followed up for at least one year in the dermatology service of the HPUC, from January 2008 to November 2018 were included. Results: 53 were included. patients of which 50.9% had Bullous Pemphigoid (BP), 22.6% Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and 17% Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV). The age of the patients was between 21 and 90 years. Tense blistering forms and erosions were the most common forms of presentation. Systemic treatments were performed in 74% of the cases. We recorded relapses in 63% of the cases and two cases of death during the treatment. More frequency of cardiovascular disease was established in patients with BP. Conclusions : It is the first retrospective work on EAA in our environment. Our findings allow determining an important frequency of PA in the dermatological consultation and DH, fact this last, not reported in other studies with similar populations.

RESUMEN Las enfermedades ampollares autoinmunes (EAA) comprenden un conjunto heterogéneo de patologías de baja frecuencia de presentación con evolución crónica, remisiones, exacerbaciones y una importante morbimortalidad aun con tratamiento temprano y adecuado. Existen pocos estudios epidemiológicos en nuestra población que incluyan todo el espectro de enfermedades ampollares. Objetivos : Determinar las características clínico-epidemiológicas de las EAA, describir tratamientos realizados, tiempo de control de actividad de la enfermedad y tiempo desde iniciado el tratamiento hasta la remisión completa. Determinar recaídas de las patologías estudiadas, evaluando si existe relación entre las mismas y algún factor reconocido. Materiales y métodos : Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico clínico, histopatológico y de inmunofluorescencia de las EAA que hayan tenido seguimiento por al menos un año en el servicio de dermatología del HPUC, en el período de enero de 2008 hasta noviembre de 2018. Resultados : Se incluyeron 53 pacientes de los cuales el 50,9% tenía Penfigoide Ampollar (PA), 22,6% Dermatitis Herpetiforme (DH) y 17% de Pénfigo vulgar (PV). La edad de los pacientes se encontró entre 21 y 90 años. Las ampollas tensas y erosiones fueron las presentaciones más comunes. Los tratamientos sistémicos se realizaron en el 74% de los casos. Registramos recaídas en el 63% de los casos y dos casos de muerte durante el tratamiento. Se estableció más frecuencia de enfermedad cardiovascular en los pacientes con PA. Conclusiones : Es el primer trabajo retrospectivo sobre EAA en nuestro medio. Nuestros hallazgos permiten determinar una frecuencia importante de PA en la consulta dermatológica y de DH, hecho no reportado en otros estudios con poblaciones similares.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The percentage of melanomas associated with nevus (NM(+)) ranges from 20,6% to 53%. Some studies suggested that MN+ have the same or even better prognosis than those melanomas that are not nevus-associated. The latter are also called melanomas de novo (MN(-)). Objective: To compare clinical evolution and survival of patients with MN(-) and MN(+) at the University Private Hospital of Cordoba (Argentina), by analyzing sentinel lymph node status, disease-free survival at 1 and 5 years and 5-year melanoma specific mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective, transversal study of patients who were diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma from 2000 until 2015. The biopsy specimen was analyzed or revised by the hospital´s Department of Pathology. Results: Of 554 melanoma cases, 208 cutaneous melanomas were included in the study. The mean follow up was 2,44 (0,66- 5,35) years. MN(+) represented the 47,1% of cases and were significantly correlated with superficial spreading subtype, posterior trunk localization, regression, lower Breslow and Clark 2. 5-year disease-free survival was longer in patients with MN(+) and the absence of associated nevus was an independent risk factor. There were no differences in age, gender, tumor diameter, history of atypical mole syndrome, ulceration, mitosis, sentinel lymph node status, 1-year disease-free survival or 5-year melanoma specific mortality.

RESUMEN Introducción: El porcentaje de melanomas asociados histológicamente a nevos (MN(+)) varía del 20,6% al 53%. Distintos estudios demuestran que los MN(+) tienen igual o mejor pronóstico que aquellos melanomas que no se asocian a nevos, también llamados melanomas de novo (MN(-)). Objetivo: Comparar la evolución clínica y la supervivencia de MN(-) y MN(+) en el Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, analizando el estudio de ganglio centinela, la supervivencia libre de enfermedad al año y a 5 años y la mortalidad específica por melanoma a 5 años. Materiales y Métodos :Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de melanoma cutáneo realizado por el Servicio de Anatomía Patológica del hospital o con revisión del taco de biopsia en el hospital, desde enero del año 2000 hasta diciembre del 2015. Resultados: De 554 casos de melanoma, se incluyeron 208 melanomas cutáneos, con un seguimiento promedio de 2,44 (0,66 - 5, 35) años. El 47,1% de melanomas fueron MN(+). Los MN(+) se relacionaron de manera estadísticamente significativa con el tipo extensivo superficial, localización en tronco posterior, regresión, menor Breslow y Clark 2. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad a 5 años fue mayor en MN(+) y la ausencia de asociación a nevo fue un factor de riesgo independiente. No se observaron diferencias en edad, sexo, diámetro tumoral, antecedentes de síndrome de nevo displásico, ulceración, mitosis, resultado del estudio de ganglio centinela, supervivencia libre de enfermedad al año, ni mortalidad por melanoma a 5 años.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between weight gain during pregnancy and perinatal complications: hypertensive pregnancy disease, gestational diabetes, emergency cesarean section and fetal macrosomia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nested case-control study in a cohort of patients who received prenatal care and delivery care at the Regional General Hospital of the Mexican Social Security Institute of Ciudad Obregon, Sonora. The odds were calculated according to perinatal complications, pregestational body mass index and total weight gain throughout pregnancy. RESULTS: A follow-up cohort of 714 patients was selected, of whom only 426 were studied, which in turn were divided into two groups of 213 each: cases and controls. In the group of cases the frequency of obesity was 17.6% (n=55) and 40.3% (n=126) of overweight. In the control group 6.7% (n=21) of obesity and 50.8% (n=159) in controls. Compared with patients with normal pregestational weight, no significant risk of perinatal complications was observed in pre-gestational overweight (OR=0.79, CI 95%: 0.57-1.11, p=0.189). A significant risk was observed in patients with pregestational obesity (OR=2.63, CI 95%: 1.51- 4.60, p=.001). CONCLUSIONS: Weight gain during pregnancy, higher than recommended, is a significant risk factor for perinatal complications, independent of pre-gestational weight.

Resumen OBJETIVO: evaluar la asociación entre la ganancia de peso durante el embarazo y las complicaciones perinatales: enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo, diabetes gestacional, cesárea de urgencia y macrosomía fetal. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio de casos y controles anidados en una cohorte de pacientes que recibieron control prenatal y atención del parto en el Hospital General Regional del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social de Ciudad Obregón, Sonora. Los momios se calcularon según las complicaciones perinatales, el índice de masa corporal pregestacional y la ganancia total de peso durante todo el embarazo. RESULTADOS: se seleccionó una cohorte de seguimiento de 714 pacientes de las que solo se estudió a 426 que, a su vez, se dividieron en dos grupos de 213 cada uno: de casos y controles. En el grupo de casos la frecuencia de obesidad fue de 17.6% (n = 55) y 40.3% (n=126) de sobrepeso. En el grupo control 6.7% (n=21) de obesidad y 50.8% (n=159) en los controles. En comparación con las pacientes con peso pregestacional normal, no se observó riesgo significativo de complicaciones perinatales en las pacientes con sobrepeso previo a la gestación (RM=0.79, IC 95%: 0.57-1.11, p=0.189). En las pacientes con obesidad pregestacional se observó un riesgo significativo (RM=2.63, IC 95%: 1.51- 4.60, p=.001). CONCLUSIONES: la ganancia de peso a lo largo del embarazo, superior a la recomendada, es un factor riesgo significativo de complicaciones perinatales, independiente del peso previo a la gestación.

Introducción y objetivo: Desde el punto de vista etiológico, el hábito del tabaquismo se asocia con diversas enfermedades del sistema respiratorio, hecho que ocasiona una disminución acelerada de la función ventilatoria y la condición física. Sin embargo, esta relación ha sido poco explorada en población militar. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la aptitud aeróbica en hombres jóvenes fumadores, aparentemente sanos, pertenecientes a la Escuela de Cadetes José María Córdova. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en 43 hombres militares aparentemente sanos; 21 fumadores activos (12 meses de exposición) y 22 no fumadores, con edad promedio de 19 ± 1,1 años. La aptitud aeróbica fue estimada mediante el test de Course-Navette (test de Leger), como indicador del consumo de oxígeno máximo indirecto (VO2). Se analizó la respuesta cronotrópica en ambos grupos. Resultados: Se observaron menores valores en la aptitud aeróbica en el grupo de fumadores frente al grupo de no fumadores (44,1 ± 6,6 mL/kg-1/min-1vs. 56,6 ± 3,5 mL/kg-1/min-1; p = 0,001). Asimismo, el grupo de no fumadores presentó mayor respuesta cronotrópica respecto al grupo de fumadores (167 ± 18 lpm vs. 155 ± 20 lpm; p = 0,05). Conclusiones: La aptitud aeróbica en jóvenes fumadores militares fue significativamente menor que en el grupo de no fumadores. Su identificación temprana podría traer beneficios en la prevención de enfermedades respiratorias, que actualmente cursan con carácter de epidemia en Colombia.

Background and objective: The habit of smoking is etiologically associated with different diseases of the respiratory system. It causes an accelerated decline of the ventilatory function and fitness. However, this relationship has been little explored in military population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the aerobic fitness in young male smokers, apparently healthy belonging to the Cadet School José María Córdova. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive and transversal study was performed. 43 military subjects, apparently healthy, participated in the study: 21 participants were active smokers (12 months of exposition), and 22 subjects were no-smokers; mean age 19 ± 1.1 years. Aerobic fitness was calculated using the Course Navette test (Leger's test), as an indirect indicator of the maximal oxygen intake (VO2max). Chronotropic response was analyzed in both groups. Results: Lower values of aerobic fitness were found in the smokers in relation to the non-smokers (44.1 ± 6.6 mL·kg-1·min-1vs. 56.6 ± 3.5 mL·kg-1·min-1; P = .0001). Non-smokers group showed a higher chronotropic response against the S group (167 ± 18 bpm vs. 155 ± 20 bpm; P = .05). Conclusion: Aerobic fitness in young military smokers was significantly lower than in the non-smokers group. Its early identification could bring benefits in the prevention of respiratory diseases, which are currently present in Colombia and are qualify as epidemic.

An experiment was carried out to study the production and nutrient content of ten sorghum varieties grown in a humid warm region of the state of Puebla, Mexico. A randomised block design was used, 10 sorghum varieties were planted in 1.5 ha plots, and the concentration of starch, ruminal degradable starch, neutral detergent fiber (FDN), protein, ash and tannins were evaluated. The production of grains and nutrients per hectare was also estimated. Differences (p < 0.05) where found in the concentration of starch, degradable starch, FDN, ashes and tannins among the varieties. The ranges of nutrient concentration (%) varied from: 63.8 to 73.8 in starch (Mean 71.02, SEM 1.35), 41.8 to 52.4 in degradable starch (Mean 48.34, SEM 1.44), 9.15 to 22.4 in FDN (Mean 13.45, SEM 0.61), 1.18 to 1.84 in ashes (Mean 1.55, SEM 0.11), and from 1.25 to 4.95 in tannins (Mean 1.71, SEM 0.06). Protein content was not different (p > 0.05). There were no differences (p > 0.05) in the yields (t ha-1) of starch (range form 3.16 to 4.45) and degradable starch (range 2.12 to 2.98). Neither where there in the yields (kg ha-1) of protein (range 297 to 517), ashes (range 57.5 to 107.5) and tannins (range 60 to 290). The yield of FDN (kg ha-1) was different (range 440 to 1295). Despite there being differences in the concentration of nutrients among the varieties, the yield of nutrients per hectare was similar.

Se realizó un experimento para conocer la producción y el contenido de nutrimentos de diez variedades de sorgo cultivadas en una región cálida húmeda del estado de Puebla, México. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques al azar, se sembraron 10 variedades de sorgo en parcelas de 1.5 ha y se evaluó la concentración de almidón, almidón digestible en rumen, fibra detergente neutro (FDN), proteína, cenizas y taninos; la producción de grano y de nutrientes por ha también fue estimada. Se encontraron diferencias (p < 0.05) en la concentración de almidón, almidón digestible, FDN, cenizas y taninos entre las variedades. Los rangos de concentración de nutrientes (%) variaron entre: 63.8 a 73.8 de almidón (Media 71.02, EEM 1.35); 41.8 a 52.4 almidón digestible (Media 48.34, EEM 1.44); 9.15 a 22.4 FDN (Media 13.45, EEM 0.61); 1.18 a 1.84 cenizas (Media 1.55, EEM 0.11); y de 1.25 a 4.95 de taninos (Media 1.71, EEM 0.06). El contenido de proteína no fue diferente (p > 0.05). No hubo diferencias (p > 0.05) en los rendimientos (t ha-1 ) de almidón (rango de 3.16 a 4.45) y almidón digestible (rango 2.12 a 2.98). Tampoco en el rendimiento (kg ha-1 ) de proteína (rango 297 a 517), cenizas (rango 57.5 a 107.5) y taninos (rango 60 a 290). El rendimiento de FDN (kg ha-1) fue diferente (rango de 440 a 1295). A pesar de que hubo diferencias en la concentración de nutrimentos entre variedades, el rendimiento de nutrientes por hectárea fue similar.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the incidence of damage by the leafworm Alabama argillacea (Hübner) on yields of cotton grown under rows spaced 0.38 m and 0.76 m at the irrigation area of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. The period evaluated was extended from first flower to first open boll. Treatments were T1 - without control of larvae, T2 - with control of larvae, T3 - control since first flower to the end of effective blooming, and T4 - with larval control since the end of effective blooming to first open boll. The effect of injuries on the crop was evaluated trough boll cotton yield. Larvae were sampled in a weekly basis and insects were present from the first flower until harvest. Populations of A. argillacea decreased crop yields in the two distances tested, by decreasing the weight or number of open bolls.

Con el objetivo de cuantificar la interacción genotipo-ambiente (IGA) y la estabilidad fenotípica en una población bovina multirracial del noreste colombiano, se usaron registros de 16 rebaños localizados en tres regiones agroecológicas del trópico bajo: bosque húmedo subtropical (R1), bosque húmedo tropical (R2) y bosque seco tropical (R3), entre los años 1995 y 2007. Los pesos fueron evaluados a los 12 (P12), 18 (P18) y 24 meses (P24), con 1806, 1455 y 1197 datos, y 14, 11 y 10 grupos genéticos, respectivamente. Fueron usados animales puros y cruzados entre las razas Angus (A), Blanco Orejinegro (B), Cebú (C), Holstein (H), Romosinuano (R) y Senepol (S). Se utilizó un modelo mixto, en el que los efectos fijos de grupo contemporáneo y la edad presentaron efecto significativo (p<0.001) sobre las tres características. Los efectos aleatorios fueron región, grupo genético (raza o cruce) e IGA, la que presentó efecto significativo (p<0.05). Para el análisis de estabilidad fenotípica se utilizó la varianza de Shukla mediante metodología bayesiana. Los resultados indican que los grupos genéticos con altas proporciones de Cebú fueron asociados con R2 y los grupos genéticos con altos niveles de Romosinuano fueron asociados con R3. Las razas Holstein y Blanco Orejinegro tendieron a dar mayor estabilidad fenotípica a los grupos donde estas razas fueron usadas.

With the aim of quantifying the genotype-environment interaction (GEI) and the phenotypic stability in multibreed bovine population of the Colombian Northwest, registries from 16 herds located in three agroecological regions (E1, E2, E3) from low tropic systems (humid subtropic forest, humid tropic forest and dry tropic forest, were collected from 1995 to 2007. Weight at 12-mo (W12), weight at 18-mo (W18), and weight at 24-mo (W24), were evaluated with 1806, 1455, and 1197 data, 14, 11, and 10 genetic groups respectively; animals of the breeds and crossbred between Angus (A), Blanco Orejinegro (B), Zebu (Z), Holstein (H), Romosinuano (R), and Senepoll (S) were used. In a mixed model, the fixed effects of contemporary group (year-season-sex) and the age covariate were used, which showed a significant effect (p<0.001) on the three traits. Random effects were region, genetic group (breed or crosses), and GEI, but the last one (GEI) showed significant effect (p<0.05) for this last one. The Shukla's variance in Bayesian methodology was used for the phenotypic stability analysis. The results indicated that the groups with high proportion of Zebu were associated with E2 and groups with greater levels of Romosinuano were associated with E3. Holstein and Blanco Orejinegro tended to give greater phenotypic stability than the groups that used these breeds.

Com o propósito de quantificar a interação genótipo ambiente (IGA) e estabilidade fenotípica em populações bovinas multiraciais no trópico baixo colombiano foram utilizados registros desde 1995 até 2007 de 16 fazendas localizadas em três regiões agroecológicas: bosque subtropical úmido (E1) bosque tropical úmido (E2) e bosque tropical seco (E3). Foram avaliadas o peso aos 12, 18 e 24 meses, com 1806, 1455 e 1197 registros, respectivamente de 10 grupos genéticos das raças Angus, Blanco Orejinegro, Zebu, Holandês, Romosinuano e Senepol. O Modelo mixto utilizado incluiu os efeitos fixos de grupo contemporâneo (ano, época e sexo) e a idade como covariavel, os quais foram significativos (p<0.001) nas três características. Foram considerados os efeitos aleatórios de regiao, grupo genético e a interação (GEI), onde este último foi significativo. A analise de estabilidade fenotípica foi realizada utilizando a variância de Shukla por metodologia Bayesiana. Os resultados indicaram que os grupos com maior proporção de Zebu foram associados com E2 e os grupos com maior proporção de Romosinuano foram associados com E3. Os animais que tinham composição racial de Holandês e Blanco Orejinegro tiveram maior estabilidade fenotípica que os outros grupos raciais.

Introduction: Survival of patients with congenital heart defects has improved in recent years thanks to improved diagnostic, surgical, anesthetic, and extracorporeal circulation techniques, and the arrival of new and more selective cardioactive drugs. Objectives: To describe perioperative care and postoperative progress of patients following surgery performed in the department of cardiac surgery and pediatrics department of the Centro Materno Infantil (CMI) of the national university's school of medical sciences over a period of 18 months, and its relationship to the type of surgery performed (elective or emergency) and the patient's pre-surgical physical status classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA-PS). Materials and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, observational study with an analytical component using the medical records of patients operated on in the department of cardiac surgery between January 2007 and June 2008. Results:Of the 91 patients undergoing surgery, 38 (42%) were male, and 53 (58%) were female, with ages ranging from 2 days to 18 years. Uncomplicated heart disease was found in 54 patients (59.3%), and complications confirmed by color Doppler echocardiography were found in 37 (40.7%). Cardiac catheters were needed before surgery by 3 patients (3.3%). All surgeries (100%) were performed under balanced general anesthesia. Of the 91 patients operated on, 42 (46.2%) received extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and 49 (53.8%) did not. Of the 42 patients who received ECC, all involved corrective surgery, with 40 (96.2%) of those being elective, and 2 (4.8%) emergency surgery, while 3 (7.1%) were reoperated and 2 (4.8%) died. Complications appeared in 16 patients (38.1%), with 39 (92.9%) requiring mechanically assisted ventilation (MAV) for less than 24 hours, and 3 (7.1%) who received MAV for more than 24 hours. Aortic clamping time ranged from 13 to 167 minutes (mean 49.1 min.) and ECC times from 20 to 253 minutes (mean 71.9 min.). Plasma ultrafiltration (pUF) was done in all (100%) of patients operated on who received ECC, all of whom also received prophylactic aprotinin for bleeding. Of the 49 patients operated on without ECC, 30 (61.2%) were corrective surgeries, 19 (38.8%) were palliative, 31 (63.3%) were elective, 18 (36.7%) were emergency surgery, 1 (2.1%) was a reoperation, and 10 (16.3%) died. Complications appeared in 18 patients (36.7%), with 39 (79.6%) requiring MAV for less than 24 hours, and 10 (20.4%) receiving MAV for more than 24 hours. Of the patients operated on, 34 developed complications, 28% in elective surgeries and 65% in emergency surgeries; by type these were 50% were hemodynamic; 35.3% respiratory, 23.5% neurological, 14.7% infectious, 14.7% metabolic, 11.8% hematological, and 11.8% renal. Conclusions: Morbidity and mortality were directly related to two factors: being emergency surgery, and the pre--surgical physical status classification of the patient as per the ASA-PS. There were no deaths in the elective surgeries, and the patients who died had an ASA4 preoperative physical status classification. Intraoperative use of pUF and aprotinin contributed to the favorable progress of the patients operated on with use of ECC.

Introducción: La sobrevida de los pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas ha mejorado en los últimos años gracias al perfeccionamiento en las técnicas diagnósticas, quirúrgicas, anestésicas y de perfusión, así como al advenimiento de nuevas y más selectivas drogas cardiológicas. Objetivos: Describir el manejo perioperatorio y la evolución postoperatoria de las cirugías realizadas en el Departamento de Cardiocirugía de la Cátedra y Servicio de Pediatría del Centro Materno Infantil (CMI), FCM-UNA en 18 meses de atención y su relación con el carácter de la cirugía (electiva o de urgencia), y el estado físico preoperatorio del paciente, definido por los criterios de la American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo, con componente analítico; se utilizaron fichas clínicas de pacientes operados en el Departamento de Cardiocirugía de enero de 2007 a junio de 2008. Resultados: Fueron operados 91 pacientes, 38 de sexo masculino (42%) y 53 de sexo femenino (58%), con edades comprendidas entre 2 días y 18 años. Las cardiopatías fueron 54/91 (59,3%) patologías simples y 37/91 (40,7%) patologías complejas, todas con confirmación diagnóstica preoperatoria por ecocardiografía Doppler color. Precisaron cateterismo cardiaco preoperatorio 3/91 pacientes (3,3%). El 100% de las cirugías se realizaron con anestesia general balanceada. De los 91 pacientes operados, 42 (46,2%) fueron sometidos a circulación extracorpórea (CEC) y 49 (53,8%) sin CEC. De los 42 pacientes operados con CEC, todas fueron cirugías correctivas, 40 (95,2%) electivas, 2 (4,8%) de urgencia, 3 (7,1%) reintervenciones y 2 (4,8%) fallecieron. Presentaron complicaciones 16 pacientes (38,1%), 39 (92,9%) requirieron Asistencia Respiratoria Mecánica (ARM) menos de 24 horas y 3 (7,1%) más de 24 horas. Los tiempos de clampado aórtico variaron de 13 a 167 minutos (media 49,1) y los tiempos de CEC de 20 a 253 minutos (media 71,9). Se realizó ultrafiltrado plasmático (UFP) en el 100% de los pacientes operados con CEC, y todos ellos recibieron aprotinina para profilaxis del sangrado. De los 49 pacientes operados sin CEC, 30 (61,2%) fueron cirugías correctivas, 19 (38,8%) paliativas, 31 (63,3%) electivas, 18 (36,7%) urgencias, 1 (2,1%) reintervención y 10 (16,3%) fallecieron. Presentaron complicaciones 18 pacientes (36,7%), 39 (79,6%) precisaron ARM menos de 24 horas y 10 (20,4%) más de 24 horas. Del total de pacientes operados, 34 presentaron alguna complicación, el 50% fue de tipo hemodinámico, 35,3% respiratorio, 23,5% neurológico, 14,7% infeccioso, 14,7% metabólico, 11,8% hematológico y 11,8% renal. El 28% de las complicaciones se presentaron en las cirugías electivas y el 65% en las urgencias. Conclusiones: La morbimortalidad de los pacientes estuvo directamente relacionada con dos factores: el carácter urgente de la cirugía y el estado físico preoperatorio del paciente (evaluado según criterio de la American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA). No hubo mortalidad en las cirugías electivas y los pacientes fallecidos correspondieron a un estado físico preoperatorio ASA 4. La utilización intraoperatoria de UFP y aprotinina contribuyó para la buena evolución de las cirugías con CEC.

Aortic coarctation is a congenital heart defect that presents with early congestive heart failure, especially during the neonatal stage, and which if not opportunely diagnosed progresses with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. When patients survive the barrier of early childhood, they continue having such problems as systemic arterial hypertension, and run risks of outcomes such as fatal or incapacitating cerebrovascular accident. We emphasize the importance of a careful and detailed clinical cardiovascular examination, to include adequate taking of the peripheral pulses and measurement of systemic blood pressure, since this always presents with hypertension in the upper limbs and an absence of pulses in the legs. Treated adequately, it presents little risk of complications or mortality.

La coartación de Aorta es una cardiopatía congénita que se presenta con insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva precozmente sobre todo en la edad neonatal y que, de no ser diagnosticada oportunamente evoluciona con elevadísima morbi-mortalidad. Cuando sobrevive a la barrera de la primera infancia, cursa con hipertensión arterial sistémica, pudiendo debutar incluso con un accidente cerebrovascular, con resultado fatal para el paciente, ó dejarlo con incapacidades como secuela. Resaltamos la importancia del correcto y detallado examen clínico cardiovascular, que incluya la palpación adecuada de los pulsos periféricos así como la medición de la presión arterial sistémica, debido a que siempre cursa con hipertensión arterial en los miembros superiores y ausencia de pulsos en los miembros inferiores. Tratado correctamente presenta bajo riesgo de complicaciones y de mortalidad.

The Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) fishery in the southwestern Gulf of California was analyzed with an age-structured simulation model. In addition to natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F), the model incorporates juvenile by-catch mortality (f caused by the shrimp fishery in the zone. Four simulated scenarios were tested in which different levels of mortality were combined. Contrary to what is established in the National Fishing Charter, simulation outputs showed that the Pacific red snapper fishery cannot be developed if both F and f are kept unregulated as presently occurs. According to the model, the fishery could only be developed with an effective regulation of these mortality sources, which implies control measures for both the artisanal fleet and the shrimp fleet.

Se analizó la pesquería del huachinango (Lutjanus peru) en la región suroeste del Golfo de California con un modelo de simulación estructurado por edades. Además de la mortalidad natural (M) y la mortalidad por pesca (F), el modelo incorpora la mortalidad incidental de juveniles (f) que se da por la pesca de camarón en la zona. Se probaron cuatro escenarios de simulación en donde se combinaron diferentes niveles de mortalidad. Contrario a lo que señala la Carta Nacional Pesquera, los resultados del modelo mostraron que la pesquería no tiene posibilidades de desarrollarse si F y f continúan sin ser reguladas como hasta ahora. De acuerdo al modelo, la pesquería podría desarrollarse mediante una regulación efectiva de ambas fuentes de mortalidad, lo que implica medidas de control tanto para la flota artesanal, como para la flota camaronera.

Espécies de eucalipto e acácia são amplamente utilizadas em plantios agroflorestais e reflorestamentos. Com o intuito de comparar a reconstituição das camadas orgânicas do solo, i.e., dos horizontes húmicos, estabelecendo-se uma relação com propriedades edáficas, sob plantações de Acacia mangium e Eucalyptus grandis, foram feitas coletas dos horizontes holorgânicos e hemiorgânicos do solo. Os referidos plantios encontravam-se na região de Tabuleiros Terciários no norte do estado do Espírito Santo e pertenciam à Reserva Natural da Vale do Rio Doce. As coletas foram feitas quando os plantios tinham sete anos de idade, em quatro estações. Acacia mangium apresentou maior estoque de folhiço (10 t ha-1, em média), tanto na camada L, de folhas inteiras, como na camada F, de folhas fragmentadas, do que Eucalyptus grandis (5 t ha-1, em média). O material foliar em acácia apresentou menor relação C/N que o de eucalipto, cerca da metade, decorrente dos maiores teores de nitrogênio. Quanto às análises químicas de carbono e nutrientes, no solo sob Acacia mangium, foram observadas, de modo geral, maiores quantidades destes elementos que no solo sob Eucalyptus grandis (e.g., carbono: 1,74 dag kg-1 vs 1,23 dag kg-1 e cálcio: 3,34 cmol c kg-1 vs 2,75 cmol c kg-1). O conjunto destes resultados evidencia que os aportes orgânicos sob Acacia mangium em relação a Eucalyptus grandis foram responsáveis pela maior incorporação de matéria orgânica e nutrientes ao solo. Estes dados, no entanto, comparados aos obtidos em estudos na floresta primária, mostraram que o carbono e os nutrientes do solo, em ambas as plantações, são menores que na floresta, evidenciando que, após sete anos de plantio, os teores de fertilidade e matéria orgânica do subhorizonte A11 não estavam restabelecidos.

Eucalyptus and acacia species are widely used in agrosilviculture and reforestry practices. In order to evaluate the reconstitution of organic soil layers - i.e. the humic horizons -and establish relationships to the soil properties, the holorganic and hemiorganic horizons were sampled under Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis plantations. These plantations lie in the tertiary tableland region in the North of Espírito Santo State, Brazil, and are part of the Natural reservation Area of the Vale do Rio Doce Company. Samples were collected in seven-year-old plantations in four seasons. Acacia mangium presented a higher litter stock (mean of 10 t ha-1) in both the L (undecomposed leaves) and the F layer (fragmented leaves) than Eucalyptus grandis (mean of 5 t ha-1). The foliar material of Acacia also presented smaller C/N ratios than Eucalyptus, almost half as small, due to higher nitrogen contents. In regard to the chemical analyses of carbon and nutrients, higher quantities of the elements were observed in the soil under Acacia mangium than under Eucalyptus grandis (e.g., carbon: 1.74 vs 1.23 dag kg-1 and calcium: 3.34 vs 2.75 cmol c kg-1). This set of results suggests that the organic contribution of Acacia mangium was responsible for higher organic matter and nutrient inputs in the soil than Eucalyptus grandis. However, when these data were compared to those found in studies of primary forest, carbon and nutrient soil contents in both plantations were smaller than in the forest, indicating that after seven years fertility and organic matter of the A11 horizon had not been reestablished in the plantations.