Resumen: Durante la adolescencia, las funciones ejecutivas frías y calientes aún se están desarrollando, lo que hace importante evaluar e intervenir si hay cambios. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar, a través de una revisión sistemática, qué intervenciones en funciones ejecutivas han sido estudiadas en adolescentes típicos, se incluyen funciones ejecutivas calientes y frías, y se busca identificar los efectos de estas intervenciones en dicha población. La búsqueda se realizó según el método PRISMA en la base de datos PubMed. De los 315 estudios hallados inicialmente, solo cinco artículos pasaron los criterios de exclusión y el análisis por parte de los jueces. Los estudios seleccionados revelaron un mayor efecto de las intervenciones sobre las funciones ejecutivas frías que sobre las calientes; lo que puede corroborar datos previos que sugieren que las funciones ejecutivas calientes tardan más en estimularse que las frías. Solo uno de los cinco estudios estimuló conjuntamente las funciones ejecutivas frías y calientes, lo que revela la necesidad de más investigación en el área. El pequeño número de artículos seleccionados, a pesar de limitar las conclusiones, refuerza la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones sobre la intervención en funciones ejecutivas frías y calientes en adolescentes con desarrollo típico.

Abstract: During adolescence, hot and cold executive functions are still developing, making it essential to assess and intervene if changes occur. The present study aims to identify, through a systematic review, which interventions in executive functions have been studied in typical adolescents, including hot and cold executive functions, seeking to determine the effects of these interventions in this segment. The search was conducted according to the PRISMA method in the PubMed database. Of the 315 articles initially located, five remained after applying exclusion criteria and analyzing by judges. The selected articles revealed a more significant effect of interventions on cold executive functions than hot ones, which may corroborate previous data suggesting that hot executive functions take longer to be stimulated than cold ones. Only one of the five articles jointly stimulated cold and hot executive functions, which reveals the need for more research in the area. The small number of articles selected, despite limiting the conclusions, reinforces the need to conduct more research on intervention in hot and cold executive functions in typically developing adolescents.

Resumo: Durante a adolescência, as funções executivas frias e quentes estão ainda em desenvolvimento, o que torna importante avaliar e intervir caso haja alterações. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, quais as intervenções em funções executivas vêm sendo estudadas em adolescentes típicos, incluindo funções executivas quentes e frias, buscando identificar os efeitos dessas intervenções nessa população. A busca foi conduzida de acordo com o método PRISMA na base PubMed. Dos 315 estudos inicialmente localizados, cinco artigos restaram após aplicação de critérios de exclusão e análise de juízes. Os estudos selecionados revelaram maior efeito das intervenções sobre funções executivas frias do que sobre as quentes, o que pode corroborar dados anteriores que sugerem que as funções executivas quentes demandam mais tempo para serem estimuladas do que as frias. Apenas um dos cinco estudos estimulou conjuntamente funções executivas frias e quentes, o que revela necessidade de mais pesquisas na área. O pequeno número de artigos selecionados, apesar de limitar as conclusões, reforça a necessidade de condução de mais pesquisas sobre intervenção em funções executivas quentes e frias em adolescentes com desenvolvimento típico.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of different vertical positions on lung aeration in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: An open-label randomized crossover clinical trial was conducted between January and July 2020. Adults receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for > 24 hours and < 7 days with hemodynamic, respiratory and neurological stability were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to the sitting position followed by passive orthostasis condition or the passive orthostasis followed by the sitting position condition. The primary outcome was lung aeration assessed using the lung ultrasound score (score ranges from 0 [better] to 36 [worse]). Results: A total of 186 subjects were screened; of these subjects, 19 were enrolled (57.8% male; mean age, 73.2 years). All participants were assigned to receive at least one verticalization protocol. Passive orthostasis resulted in mean lung ultrasound scores that did not differ significantly from the sitting position (11.0 versus 13.7; mean difference, -2.7; [95%CI -6.1 to 0.71; p = 0.11). Adverse events occurred in three subjects in the passive orthostasis group and in one in the sitting position group (p = 0.99). Conclusion: This analysis did not find significant differences in lung aeration between the sitting and passive orthostasis groups. A randomized crossover clinical trial assessing the impact of vertical positioning on lung aeration in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation is feasible. Unfortunately, the study was interrupted due to the need to treat COVID-19 patients. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04176445

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de diferentes posicionamentos verticais na aeração pulmonar em pacientes em ventilação mecânica invasiva. Métodos: Trata-se de ensaio clínico aberto, randomizado e transversal, realizado entre janeiro e julho de 2020. Adultos em ventilação mecânica invasiva por mais de 24 horas e menos de 7 dias com estabilidade hemodinâmica, respiratória e neurológica foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em uma proporção de 1:1 à postura sentada seguida da condição de ortostatismo passivo ou o ortostatismo passivo seguido de postura sentada. O desfecho primário foi a aeração pulmonar avaliada pelo lung ultrasound score. O escore varia de zero (melhor) a 36 (pior). Resultados: Foram selecionados 186 indivíduos; destes, 19 foram incluídos (57,8% do sexo masculino; média idade de 73,2 anos). Todos os participantes foram selecionados para receber pelo menos um protocolo de verticalização. O ortostatismo passivo resultou em escores médios de aeração pulmonar por ultrassonografia que não diferiram significativamente da postura sentada (11,0 versus 13,7; diferença média, -2,7; IC95% -6,1 a 0,71; p = 0,11). Ocorreram eventos adversos em três indivíduos no grupo ortostatismo passivo e em um no grupo postura sentada (p = 0,99). Conclusão: Esta análise não encontrou diferenças significativas na aeração pulmonar entre os grupos ortostatismo passivo e postura sentada. É factível conduzir um estudo clínico transversal randomizado para avaliar o impacto do posicionamento vertical na aeração pulmonar em pacientes em ventilação mecânica invasiva. Infelizmente, o estudo foi interrompido devido à necessidade de tratar pacientes com COVID-19. Registro ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04176445

Abstract Objective To evaluate the safety and reproducibility of the surgery for unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) through the modified Dunn technique in a single center cohort from Brazil. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients submitted to this procedure by a single surgeon who was a hip preservation specialist. Demographic data and radiographic angles were evaluated for the relative risk (RR) of avascular necrosis (AVN) using a log-binomial regression model with simple and random effects. Results Among the 30 patients (30 hips) with a mean age of 11.79 years at the time of the operation, there were 17 boys and 18 left hips, which were operated on in a mean of 11.5 days after the slip. The mean follow-up was of 38 months. The preoperative Southwick angle averaged 60.69° against 4.52° postoperatively (p< 0.001). A larger preoperative slip angle was associated with the development of AVN (RR: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.02–1.07; p< 0.01). The overall AVN rate was of 26.7%. Function was good or excellent in 86% of uncomplicated hips, and poor in 87.5% of the partients who developed AVN, as graded by the Harris Hip Score. There was no statistical relationship between epiphyseal bleeding and AVN development (p= 0.82). Conclusion The modified Dunn technique is associated with restoration of the femoral alignment and function after unstable SCFE, when uncomplicated. Moreover, it was shown to be reproducible in our population, with a rate of 26% of femoral head necrosis.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a segurança e a reprodutibilidade da cirurgia para escorregamento da epífise femoral proximal (EEPF) com instabilidade por meio da técnica de Dunn modificada em uma coorte unicêntrica no Brasil. Métodos Analisamos de forma retrospectiva uma coorte de pacientes submetidos a esse procedimento por um único cirurgião especialista em preservação do quadril. Avaliamos os dados demográficos e os ângulos radiográficos quanto ao risco relativo (RR) de necrose avascular (NAV) por meio do modelo de regressão log-binomial com efeitos simples e aleatórios. Resultados Entre os 30 pacientes (30 quadris) com idade média de 11,79 anos no momento da cirurgia, havia 17 meninos e 18 quadris esquerdos. O procedimento ocorreu em média 11,5 dias após o escorregamento. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 38 meses. O ângulo de Southwick pré-operatório foi, em média, de 60,69° contra 4,52° após o procedimento (p< 0,001). O maior ângulo de escorregamento pré-operatório foi associado ao desenvolvimento de NAV (RR: 1,05; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1,02–1,07; p< 0,01). A frequência geral de NAV foi de 26,7%. De acordo com a Escala de Quadril de Harris (Harris Hip Score), a função foi boa ou excelente em 86% dos quadris sem complicações, e ruim em 87,5% dos casos com NAV. Não houve relação estatística entre sangramento epifisário e desenvolvimento de NAV (p= 0,82). Conclusão A técnica de Dunn modificada restaura o alinhamento femoral e a função articular após o EEPF com instabilidade na ausência de complicações. Além disso, mostrou-se passível de reprodução em nossa população, com frequência de necrose da cabeça femoral de 26%.

Abstract To evaluate time evolution of receiving advice on healthy habits among Brazilians with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Cross-sectional study with data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Survey. We used linear regression weighted by least squares of variance to verify time evolution of the outcome estimating the annual percentage change (APC) presented according to sex, skin color, age group, and quintiles of wealth index. The analytical sample in 2013 was 11,129 individuals with hypertension and 3,182 individuals with diabetes, and in 2019 19,107 individuals with hypertension and 6,317 individuals with diabetes. For those with hypertension, there were statistically significant reductions in receiving advice for not smoking (APC: -1.49), not drinking excessive alcoholic beverages (APC: -1.48), ingesting less salt (APC: -0.56), and for all healthy habits (APC: -1.17). For those with diabetes, statistically significant reductions were observed only for not smoking (APC: -1.13) and not drinking excessive alcoholic beverages (APC: -1.11). The results suggest a reduction in all types of advice on healthy habits evaluated for hypertension and diabetes, with greater magnitude among individuals belonging to the richest quintiles.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a evolução temporal do recebimento de orientações sobre hábitos saudáveis entre brasileiros com hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus. Estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013 e 2019. Para verificar a evolução temporal das prevalências de orientações sobre hábitos saudáveis, realizadas por profissionais de saúde nos atendimentos para as morbidades, utilizou-se regressão linear ponderada pelos quadrados mínimos da variância, estimando a variação percentual anual (VPA) apresentada de acordo com sexo, cor da pele, faixa etária e quintis do índice de bens. A amostra analítica, em 2013, foi de 11.129 indivíduos com hipertensão e 3.182 com diabetes, e em 2019, de 19.107 indivíduos com hipertensão e 6.317 com diabetes. Para hipertensão, observou-se reduções nas orientações para não fumar (VPA: -1.49), não ingerir bebidas alcoólicas em excesso (VPA: -1.48), ingerir menos sal (VPA: -0.56) e, ainda, para todas as orientações (VPA: -1.17). Para diabetes, foram observadas reduções estatisticamente significativas apenas para não fumantes (APC: -1.13) e para os que não consomem bebidas alcoólicas em excesso (APC: -1.11). Os resultados sugerem redução de todas as orientações avaliadas para hipertensão e diabetes, com maior magnitude entre os indivíduos pertencentes aos quintis mais ricos.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to investigate the ability of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) as a prognostic marker for midterm clinical outcomes three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to identify possible predictors of fall in 6MWD in the early postoperative period, and to establish the percentage fall in early postoperative 6MWD, considering the preoperative baseline as 100%. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients undergoing elective CABG were included. The percentage fall in 6MWD was assessed by the difference between preoperative and postoperative day (POD) five. Clinical outcomes were evaluated three months after hospital discharge. Results: There was a significant decrease in 6MWD on POD5 compared with preoperative baseline values (percentage fall of 32.5±16.5%, P<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed an independent association of the percentage fall of 6MWD with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best cutoff value of percentage fall in 6MWD to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months was 34.6% (area under the curve = 0.82, sensitivity = 78.95%, specificity = 76.19%, P=0.0001). Conclusion: This study indicates that a cutoff value of 34.6% in percentage fall of 6MWD on POD5 was able to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months of follow-up after CABG. Use of CPB and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength were independent predictors of percentage fall of 6MWD in the postoperative period. These findings further support the clinical application of 6MWD and propose an inpatient preventive strategy to guide clinical management over time.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a letalidade e o cuidado hospitalar recebido por crianças e adolescentes internados por COVID-19 e o produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita dos municípios brasileiros e a região de residência. Métodos: Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Analisaram-se como desfechos dicotômicos a letalidade hospitalar por COVID-19, a coleta de amostra biológica para diagnóstico de COVID-19, a realização de exames raio X e tomografia, o uso de suporte ventilatório e a internação em unidade de terapia intensiva. As covariáveis foram o PIB municipal per capita e a região brasileira de residência. Foi realizada regressão de Poisson para os desfechos registrados em 2020 e 2021 no Brasil e segundo o período compreendido em duas ondas de COVID-19 no país, ajustando-a por idade e sexo. Resultados: A letalidade hospitalar foi de 7,6%. Nos municípios dos menores decis de PIB per capita a letalidade foi quase quatro vezes maior entre crianças e duas vezes mais elevada entre adolescentes quando comparada àquela dos maiores decis. Adicionalmente, os residentes de municípios com menor PIB per capita realizaram menos coleta de amostra biológica para diagnóstico, exames de raio X e tomografias. Foram encontradas disparidades regionais associadas à letalidade, com piores indicadores nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Os achados mantiveram-se consistentes durante as duas ondas de COVID-19. Conclusão: Em municípios com menor PIB per capita e das regiões Norte e Nordeste houve piores indicadores de letalidade e cuidado hospitalar.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of hospital case fatality rate and care received by children and adolescents hospitalized for COVID-19 with the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Brazilian municipalities and regions of residence. Methods: Data were collected from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The dichotomous outcomes analyzed were hospital case fatality rate of COVID-19, biological samples collected for COVID-19 diagnosis, X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, use of ventilatory support, and intensive care unit hospitalization. The covariates were municipal GDP per capita and the Brazilian region of residence. Poisson regression was used for the outcomes recorded in 2020 and 2021 in Brazil, covering the two COVID-19 waves in the country, adjusted for age and gender. Results: The hospital case fatality rate was 7.6%. In municipalities with lower GDP per capita deciles, the case fatality rate was almost four times higher among children and twice as high in adolescents compared to cities with higher deciles. Additionally, residents of municipalities with lower GDP per capita had fewer biological samples collected for diagnosis, X-ray examinations, and CT scans. We found regional disparities associated with case fatality rate, with worse indicators in the North and Northeast regions. The findings remained consistent over the two COVID-19 waves. Conclusion: Municipalities with lower GDP per capita, as well as the North and Northeast regions, had worse indicators of hospital case fatality rate and care.

Abstract To evaluate time evolution of receiving advice on healthy habits among Brazilians with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Cross-sectional study with data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Survey. We used linear regression weighted by least squares of variance to verify time evolution of the outcome estimating the annual percentage change (APC) presented according to sex, skin color, age group, and quintiles of wealth index. The analytical sample in 2013 was 11,129 individuals with hypertension and 3,182 individuals with diabetes, and in 2019 19,107 individuals with hypertension and 6,317 individuals with diabetes. For those with hypertension, there were statistically significant reductions in receiving advice for not smoking (APC: -1.49), not drinking excessive alcoholic beverages (APC: -1.48), ingesting less salt (APC: -0.56), and for all healthy habits (APC: -1.17). For those with diabetes, statistically significant reductions were observed only for not smoking (APC: -1.13) and not drinking excessive alcoholic beverages (APC: -1.11). The results suggest a reduction in all types of advice on healthy habits evaluated for hypertension and diabetes, with greater magnitude among individuals belonging to the richest quintiles.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a evolução temporal do recebimento de orientações sobre hábitos saudáveis entre brasileiros com hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus. Estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013 e 2019. Para verificar a evolução temporal das prevalências de orientações sobre hábitos saudáveis, realizadas por profissionais de saúde nos atendimentos para as morbidades, utilizou-se regressão linear ponderada pelos quadrados mínimos da variância, estimando a variação percentual anual (VPA) apresentada de acordo com sexo, cor da pele, faixa etária e quintis do índice de bens. A amostra analítica, em 2013, foi de 11.129 indivíduos com hipertensão e 3.182 com diabetes, e em 2019, de 19.107 indivíduos com hipertensão e 6.317 com diabetes. Para hipertensão, observou-se reduções nas orientações para não fumar (VPA: -1.49), não ingerir bebidas alcoólicas em excesso (VPA: -1.48), ingerir menos sal (VPA: -0.56) e, ainda, para todas as orientações (VPA: -1.17). Para diabetes, foram observadas reduções estatisticamente significativas apenas para não fumantes (APC: -1.13) e para os que não consomem bebidas alcoólicas em excesso (APC: -1.11). Os resultados sugerem redução de todas as orientações avaliadas para hipertensão e diabetes, com maior magnitude entre os indivíduos pertencentes aos quintis mais ricos.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although an association has been made between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and microvascular disease, data on vascular complications (other than venous thromboembolism) are sparse. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the vascular complications in severely ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and their association with all-cause mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cohort study was conducted at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: All 305 consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary university hospital from April 2 to July 17, 2021, were included and followed up for 30 days. RESULTS: Of these, 193 (63.3%) were male, and the mean age was 59.9 years (standard deviation = 14.34). The mortality rate was 56.3% (172 patients), and 72 (23.6%) patients developed at least one vascular complication during the follow-up period. Vascular complications were more prevalent in the non-survivors (28.5%) than in the survivors (17.3%) group and included disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, 10.8%), deep vein thrombosis (8.2%), acrocyanosis (7.5%), and necrosis of the extremities (2%). DIC (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–5.24, P = 0.046) and acrocyanosis (aOR 5.21, 95% CI 1.48–18.27, P = 0.009) were significantly more prevalent in the non-survivors than in the survivors group. CONCLUSION: Vascular complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients are common (23.6%) and can be closely related to the mortality rate (56.3%) until 30 days after ICU admission. Macrovascular complications have direct implications for mortality, which is the main outcome of the management of COVID-19. REGISTRATION: RBR-4qjzh7 (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4qjzh7).

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of hospital case fatality rate and care received by children and adolescents hospitalized for COVID-19 with the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Brazilian municipalities and regions of residence. Methods: Data were collected from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The dichotomous outcomes analyzed were hospital case fatality rate of COVID-19, biological samples collected for COVID-19 diagnosis, X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, use of ventilatory support, and intensive care unit hospitalization. The covariates were municipal GDP per capita and the Brazilian region of residence. Poisson regression was used for the outcomes recorded in 2020 and 2021 in Brazil, covering the two COVID-19 waves in the country, adjusted for age and gender. Results: The hospital case fatality rate was 7.6%. In municipalities with lower GDP per capita deciles, the case fatality rate was almost four times higher among children and twice as high in adolescents compared to cities with higher deciles. Additionally, residents of municipalities with lower GDP per capita had fewer biological samples collected for diagnosis, X-ray examinations, and CT scans. We found regional disparities associated with case fatality rate, with worse indicators in the North and Northeast regions. The findings remained consistent over the two COVID-19 waves. Conclusion: Municipalities with lower GDP per capita, as well as the North and Northeast regions, had worse indicators of hospital case fatality rate and care.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a letalidade e o cuidado hospitalar recebido por crianças e adolescentes internados por COVID-19 e o produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita dos municípios brasileiros e a região de residência. Métodos: Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Analisaram-se como desfechos dicotômicos a letalidade hospitalar por COVID-19, a coleta de amostra biológica para diagnóstico de COVID-19, a realização de exames raio X e tomografia, o uso de suporte ventilatório e a internação em unidade de terapia intensiva. As covariáveis foram o PIB municipal per capita e a região brasileira de residência. Foi realizada regressão de Poisson para os desfechos registrados em 2020 e 2021 no Brasil e segundo o período compreendido em duas ondas de COVID-19 no país, ajustando-a por idade e sexo. Resultados: A letalidade hospitalar foi de 7,6%. Nos municípios dos menores decis de PIB per capita a letalidade foi quase quatro vezes maior entre crianças e duas vezes mais elevada entre adolescentes quando comparada àquela dos maiores decis. Adicionalmente, os residentes de municípios com menor PIB per capita realizaram menos coleta de amostra biológica para diagnóstico, exames de raio X e tomografias. Foram encontradas disparidades regionais associadas à letalidade, com piores indicadores nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Os achados mantiveram-se consistentes durante as duas ondas de COVID-19. Conclusão: Em municípios com menor PIB per capita e das regiões Norte e Nordeste houve piores indicadores de letalidade e cuidado hospitalar.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to investigate the ability of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) as a prognostic marker for midterm clinical outcomes three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to identify possible predictors of fall in 6MWD in the early postoperative period, and to establish the percentage fall in early postoperative 6MWD, considering the preoperative baseline as 100%. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients undergoing elective CABG were included. The percentage fall in 6MWD was assessed by the difference between preoperative and postoperative day (POD) five. Clinical outcomes were evaluated three months after hospital discharge. Results: There was a significant decrease in 6MWD on POD5 compared with preoperative baseline values (percentage fall of 32.5±16.5%, P<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed an independent association of the percentage fall of 6MWD with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best cutoff value of percentage fall in 6MWD to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months was 34.6% (area under the curve = 0.82, sensitivity = 78.95%, specificity = 76.19%, P=0.0001). Conclusion: This study indicates that a cutoff value of 34.6% in percentage fall of 6MWD on POD5 was able to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months of follow-up after CABG. Use of CPB and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength were independent predictors of percentage fall of 6MWD in the postoperative period. These findings further support the clinical application of 6MWD and propose an inpatient preventive strategy to guide clinical management over time.

ABSTRACT The intercropping of corn with forage grasses increases soil cover and may improve soil structural quality. The objective of the study was to evaluate the soil structural properties and the development of second-crop corn intercropping with forage grasses under no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in an area of Sítio Santo Antônio, located in the municipality of Borrazópolis, Paraná state, Brazil, on a Red Latosol with a very clayey texture. The experiment consisted of five treatments: corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (T1), corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã (T2), corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés (T3), corn + Urochloa ruziziensis (T4), and non-intercropping corn (T5). In the corn crop, the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, first ear in insertion height, stem diameter, corn yield, dry mass of corn straw mulch, dry mass of grasses shoots and dry mass of grasses root. Dry mass of the aerial part and roots of the grasses were evaluated. In the 0–0.10 and 0.10–0.20-m soil depth, soil physical properties were also determined: tensile strength and friability, stability of aggregates, bulk density and total porosity, and degree of compactness. The treatments of corn in intercropping with grasses showed positive results regarding the stability of aggregates, reduction of bulk density and increase of total porosity in the 0–0.10-m soil depth. The intercropping of corn + U. ruziziensis showed the lowest values of degree of compactness and higher production of dry mass of the aerial part.

Abstract This article presents research experiences that examine water and solid waste in two Brazilian capitals: Manaus (AM) and Recife (PE). Contrasts, differences, and intersections between public policies on waste management, sanitation and housing are the points that sew this text together, as well as socio-environmental issues emerging in the ways of life related to water, whether along rivers and streams, tidal areas, or oceans. With converging scenarios - including the dumping of waste in water, and the lack of rights to decent housing - the people who live on the banks of watercourses and flooded areas are held responsible for dumping the waste that overflows onto streets, invading their homes. However, these dwellings receive floods of garbage from all over the city, invading their territories. A multi-sited look at these populations, based on street ethnography, visual registers, and comparative studies, combines with studies that produced in our research network on the anthropology of waste in Latin America and Europe.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta experiências de pesquisa entre as águas e os resíduos sólidos de duas capitais brasileiras: Manaus (AM) e Recife (PE). Contrastes, divergências e intersecções sobre políticas públicas de gestão de resíduos, saneamento e habitação são pontos que costuram este texto, além das questões socioambientais emergentes nos modos de vida relacionados às águas fluviais, salobras ou oceânicas. Com cenários convergentes, que incluem o despejo de resíduos nas águas e sem direito à moradia digna, as populações que habitam às margens de cursos d'água e áreas alagadas são responsabilizadas pela deposição do lixo que transborda sobre as vias, invadindo suas casas. Todavia, essas habitações recebem enxurradas de lixo de toda a cidade, sobrepondo-se sobre seus territórios. O olhar multissitiado sobre essas populações, pautado na etnografia de rua, registros visuais e estudo comparativo, soma-se aos estudos que compõem nossa rede de pesquisa sobre Antropologia do Lixo/Resíduos na América Latina e Europa.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the meanings attributed by Amazon women regarding their motivation grounds to choose planned home childbirth. Method: a research study of a qualitative nature. The study data collection tool consisted of semi-structured interviews with 20 Amazon women who underwent home childbirths between November 2021 and March 2022, through the Snowball Sampling recruitment technique. After data collection, the interviews followed the content analysis criteria. Results: it was observed that qualified information, support networks and groups produce motivation and a feeling for home childbirth, which contribute to breaking away from the hegemonic model in Obstetrics and, thus, to refusing unnecessary interventions resulting from the established medical knowledge that oftentimes culminates in obstetric violence. Safety also emerged as a central factor to experience home childbirth, such as feelings of freedom, courage and empowerment about their choices and wishes. Conclusion: there is convergence with the current demands on positive care regarding respect for women's choice, which, through support and information, are central aspects to ensure assistance according to Amazon women's expectations, in order to break away from the hegemonic model in obstetric care, as home childbirth effectively guarantees their will, which must be heard and respected.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los significados que atribuyen las mujeres de la región amazónica a sus bases motivadoras para elegir parto domiciliario planificado. Método: investigación de carácter cualitativo. La herramienta de recolección de datos del estudio correspondió a entrevistas semiestructurada con 20 mujeres de la región amazónica que dieron a luz en sus casas entre los meses de noviembre de 2021 y marzo de 2022, por medio de la técnica de reclutamiento Snowball Sampling. Después de recolectar los datos, las entrevistas siguieron los criterios del análisis de contenido. Resultados: se observó que la información calificada y las redes y los grupos de apoyo generan motivación y cierto sentimiento favorable hacia el parto domiciliario, que contribuyen a distanciarse del modelo hegemónico en Obstetricia y, de ese modo, rechazar intervenciones innecesarias resultantes del saber médico instituido que muchas veces culmina en violencia obstétrica. La seguridad también surgió como un factor central para vivir el parto en el domicilio, como ser sentimientos de libertad, coraje y empoderamiento sobre sus elecciones y deseos. Conclusión: se detecta convergencia con las exigencias actuales sobre la atención positiva en términos de respetar las decisiones de las mujeres, las cuales, por medio de apoyo e información, constituyen aspectos centrales para garantizar una asistencia acorde a las expectativas de las mujeres de la región amazónica, a fin de interrumpir el modelo hegemónico en la asistencia obstétrica, puesto que el parto domiciliario garantiza en forma efectiva su voluntad, que debe ser escuchada y respetada.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender os significados das mulheres amazônidas quanto às suas bases motivadoras para tomada de decisão do parto domiciliar planejado. Método: pesquisa de natureza qualitativa. O estudo teve como ferramenta de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada, com 20 mulheres amazônidas que tiveram partos em casa, entre os meses de novembro de 2021 a março de 2022, por intermédio do recrutamento Snowball Sampling. Após a coleta de dados, as entrevistas seguiram os critérios de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: observou-se que a informação qualificada, rede e grupo de apoio produzem motivação e sentimento para o parto domiciliar, que contribuem para romper com o modelo hegemônico na obstetrícia, e, assim, recusar intervenções desnecessárias, resultantes do saber médico instituído que, culmina, muitas vezes, na violência obstétrica. A segurança, também, constituiu um fator central para vivenciar o parto no domicílio, como sentimentos de liberdade, coragem e empoderamento sobre suas escolhas e vontades. Conclusão: há convergência com as demandas atuais sobre o cuidado positivo perante o respeito da tomada de decisão feminina que, por meio do apoio e informação, constituem aspectos centrais para garantir uma assistência conforme as expectativas das mulheres amazônidas, a fim de romper com o modelo hegemônico na assistência obstétrica, visto que o parto em casa garante de forma efetiva a sua vontade, que deve ser ouvida e respeitada.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the long-chain fatty acid and major compounds levels in the feces after prophylactic oral use of Lacticaseibacillus casei in an experimental model of intestinal mucositis. Methods: Fifteen Swiss mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=5/group): The negative or positive control groups (n = 5) received saline orally for 18 days and an the intraperitoneal (i.p.) of saline or 5 Fluorouracil (450 mg/kg) in 15th day, respectability. L. casei group received oral concentration of L. casei (1x109 CFU/mL) for 18 days, the i.p. injection of 5-fluorouracil (450 mg/kg) in 15th days. Tissue samples from colon and each small intestine segment were collected for histopathological analysis. Stool samples were collected. Fecal composition of long-chain fatty acids and sterols were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on the 15th and the 18th day. Results: The mucosa layer of all small intestine segments of animals from L. casei showed well preserved epithelium and glands, without necrosis signs, but Goblet cells number decreased. Several long-chain fatty acids and sterols have been identified before and after in the groups. L. casei administration after 5-FU treatment reduced concentrations of linoleic acid (18:2) (p < 0.001) and oleic acid (18:1) (p < 0.001) in feces. Conclusions: L. casei prevented the mucosal damage associated with 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis reduced long-chain fatty acid levels in the feces.