Abstract The present study examines the evolving nature of social enterprise and identifies the most significant factors related to individuals and institutions. Organisations that pursue both profit and non-profit objectives, thus maintaining a mix of market- and mission-oriented practices and beliefs for addressing social and ecological issues, are known as “social enterprises.” The present study examines the methods of identifying, evaluating, and exploiting the principal factors related to social entrepreneurial opportunities. For this purpose, a qualitative research process applying the Delphi technique was conducted. A Delphi sample of 25 experts from Spain and Latin America was included. This study contributes to building a framework of reference for academics and practitioners regarding the key factors influencing the different stages of the social entrepreneurial process. The empirical results of the study offer a testimony of the most significant, both contextual and individual, factors in each stage of the social entrepreneurial process.

Resumen Este artículo examina la naturaleza evolutiva de la empresa social e identifica los factores más importantes relacionados con las personas y las instituciones. Las organizaciones que persiguen objetivos tanto lucrativos como no lucrativos, manteniendo así una combinación de prácticas y creencias orientadas al mercado y a la misión para abordar cuestiones sociales y ecológicas, son “empresas sociales”. El artículo examina los métodos para identificar, evaluar y explotar los principales factores de las oportunidades empresariales sociales. Para ello se realizó una investigación cualitativa aplicando la técnica Delphi. Se incluyó una muestra Delphi de 25 expertos de España y Latinoamérica. Este estudio contribuye a construir un marco de referencia para académicos y profesionales en torno a los factores clave que influyen en las diferentes etapas del proceso de emprendimiento social. Los resultados empíricos del estudio ofrecen un testimonio de los factores más significativos, tanto contextuales como individuales, en cada etapa del proceso de emprendimiento social.

Resumen El sorgo en México ocupa el tercer lugar en producción de grano. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la aptitud combinatoria general (ACG) y especifica (ACE) en progenitores e híbridos comerciales y experimentales de sorgo para grano. La aptitud combinatoria se estimó mediante el método de línea x probador descrito por Kempthorne. El experimento se estableció durante el ciclo primavera-verano 2018 en INIFAP, Huastecas, México. Consistió de cinco líneas, ocho probadores y 40 híbridos; en un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. El ANOVA detectó diferencias altamente significativas para líneas, probadoras y línea x probador; sugiriendo la existencia de una amplia base de variabilidad genética. Para rendimiento de grano, peso específico de grano y altura de planta, la ACG y ACE, fueron significativas lo cual indica la relevancia de genes aditivos de dominancia y epistasis. Para rendimiento de grano las líneas experimentales: RB214A, RB225A y RB248A y, los proba dores RB133 y RB221, fueron altamente significativos en ACG y fueron superiores a la línea RBSBA25 y los probadores RTx430 y RBTx437 comerciales. Se encontró diecisiete híbridos experimentales con diferencias significativas en ACE y fueron superiores que los híbridos comerciales del INIFAP.

Abstract Sorghum in Mexico ranks third in grain production. This study aimed to estimate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for commercial and experi mental sorghum grain parents and hybrids. The combining ability was estimated using the line x tester method described by Kempthorne. The experiment was established during the spring-summer 2018 cycle at INIFAP, Las Huastecas, México. It consisted of five lines, eight testers and 40 hybrids; in a randomized block design with three replications. The ANOVA showed highly significant differences for lines, testers, and line x testers, suggesting the existence of a broad base of genetic variability. GCA and SCA differences were statistically significant for grain yield, specific grain weight and plant height, indicating additive gene relevance, dominance and epistasis. For grain yield, the experimental lines: RB214A, RB225A and RB248A, and the testers RB133 and RB221, resulted significantly higher in GCA and superior to commercial RB225A line and RTx430 and RTx437 testers. Seventeen experimental hybrids were found to have significantly higher in SCA and were superior to INIFAP commercial hybrids.

RESUMO Objetivo. Avaliar as características, o uso autorrelatado de tabaco, o conhecimento e as percepções sobre o abandono do tabagismo entre os profissionais da área de oncologia (PAO), bem como as barreiras percebidas, a fim de guiar intervenções que possam melhorar as taxas de abandono e o prognóstico de pacientes com câncer na América Latina. Métodos. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 996 PAO em seis instituições de oncologia localizadas na Argentina, no Brasil, na Colômbia, no México e no Peru. Administrou-se uma pesquisa on-line com 28 perguntas fechadas, adaptadas do levantamento realizado em 2012 pela Associação Internacional para o Estudo do Câncer de Pulmão e do Global Adult Tobacco Survey (Levantamento Global do Tabagismo em Adultos). Resultados. A maioria dos PAO, variando de 86,1% (no México) a 95,9% (no Brasil), concordou parcial ou totalmente com a necessidade de integrar o abandono do tabagismo ao tratamento do câncer. Entretanto, o treinamento inadequado sobre o abandono do tabagismo foi relatado por 66,9% no México, 69,4% na Colômbia (Floridablanca), 70,4% na Argentina, 72,9% no Peru, 85,8% no Brasil e 86,4% na Colômbia (Medellín), e essa diferença foi estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001). Além disso, a prevalência atual de consumo de cigarro entre os PAO foi de 2,5% no Brasil, 4,6% no Peru, 6,3% na Colômbia (Floridablanca), 10,4% na Colômbia (Medellín), 11,5% no México, e 15,1% na Argentina, mostrando uma diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001). Conclusões. Os esforços na América Latina devem ser direcionados para o auxílio aos PAO em seus esforços de abandonar o tabagismo e para o treinamento sobre métodos para abandono do tabagismo, com o objetivo de melhorar o prognóstico e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com câncer.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar entre los prestadores de atención a pacientes con cáncer las características, el consumo de tabaco referido por la misma persona, sus conocimientos y sus impresiones acerca de dejar de fumar, así como los obstáculos percibidos, para sustentar las intervenciones que puedan mejorar las tasas de abandono del consumo y el pronóstico de los pacientes con cáncer en América Latina. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 996 prestadores de atención oncológica en seis instituciones oncológicas ubicadas en Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, México y Perú. Se realizó una encuesta en línea con 28 preguntas cerradas adaptadas de la encuesta de la Asociación Internacional para el Estudio del Cáncer de Pulmón del 2012 y la Encuesta Mundial de Tabaquismo en Adultos. Resultados. La mayoría de los prestadores de atención oncológica, del 86,1% en México al 95,9% en Brasil, estuvieron de acuerdo o muy de acuerdo con que el abandono del tabaco debería integrarse en el tratamiento del cáncer. Sin embargo, 66,9%, 69,4%, 70,4%, 72,9%, 85,8% y 86,4% en México, Colombia (Floridablanca), Argentina, Perú, Brasil y Colombia (Medellín), respectivamente, dieron parte de una formación inadecuada en cuanto al abandono del tabaco, y esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Además, la prevalencia actual del consumo de tabaco entre los proveedores de atención oncológica fue de 2,5% en Brasil, 4,6% en Perú, 6,3% en Colombia (Floridablanca), 10,4 % en Colombia (Medellín), 11,5% en México y 15,1% en Argentina, y mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Conclusiones. En América Latina, deben canalizarse los esfuerzos para ayudar a los prestadores de atención oncológica a abandonar el consumo de tabaco y apoyarlos en la capacitación acerca de las prácticas de abandono del tabaco dirigidas a lograr un pronóstico más favorable y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con cáncer.

ABSTRACT Objective. To assess the characteristics, self-reported tobacco use, knowledge, and perceptions about smoking cessation among cancer care providers (CCPs), as well as perceived barriers to inform interventions that can potentially improve quitting rates and the prognosis of cancer patients in Latin America. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 996 CCPs in six cancer institutions located in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. An online survey consisting of 28 close-ended questions adapted from the 2012 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer survey and the Global Adult Tobacco Survey was administered. Results. The majority of CCPs, ranging from 86.1% in Mexico to 95.9% in Brazil, agreed or strongly agreed that smoking cessation should be integrated into cancer treatment. However, inadequate training on smoking cessation was reported by 66.9%, 69.4%, 70.4%, 72.9%, 85.8%, and 86.4% in Mexico, Colombia (Floridablanca), Argentina, Peru, Brazil, and Colombia (Medellín), respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Moreover, current cigarette smoking prevalence among CCPs was 2.5% in Brazil, 4.6% in Peru, 6.3% in Colombia (Floridablanca), 10.4% in Colombia (Medellín), 11.5% in Mexico, and 15.1% in Argentina, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Conclusions. Efforts in Latin America should be geared toward assisting CCPs with their quitting efforts and training in smoking cessation practices aimed at achieving a better prognosis and improving cancer patients’ quality of life.

Abstract: The rapid growth of world population and the consequent demand for natural resources are reflected in the environmental problems that affect the whole planet, one of these problems is the increasing contamination of water resources by heavy metals. Paraguay does not escape from this problem, the rivers, streams and lakes pollution increases progressively, having the high heavy metals content as one of the most dangerous component. Typha dominguensis, better known as totora (South America), is a cosmopolitan marsh plant, widely adapted in both the Eastern and Western regions of Paraguay. This species is studied for its bioremediation properties of polluted waters. In the Multidisciplinary Center for Technological Research CEMIT/UNA, the experiment was carried out to evaluate the absorption of heavy metals commonly found in wastewater: chromium and copper, in aqueous solutions, in three different concentrations, in three repetitions. The used design was completely random. T. domingensis plants were conditioned in the CEMIT greenhouse starting from seeds arranged in buckets with 50 L of metal solution, with 5 plants each bucket. Initially the plants were acclimatized for a 30 days period, later were exposed to metallic solutions. The chromium and copper content, pH, O2 and temperature values of metallic solution were taken on days 1, 17 and 45 from initial exposure, samples were analyzed in the Water Quality Laboratory of CEMIT/UNA. Metallic solutions without treatment with T. dominguensis plants and plants without contact with metallic solutions were used as a control. The results were collated by the statistical program InfoStat® performing an ANOVA and Tukey's test. The results indicated significant differences in the removal of the content of copper and chromium in the three concentrations of metallic solutions, thus demonstrating that the plant has the ability to absorb heavy metals, however in the controls (metallic solutions without plants) it was not observed changes in the content of these two metals.

Resumen: El rápido crecimiento de la población mundial y la consecuente demanda de recursos naturales se reflejan en los problemas medioambientales que afectan a todo el planeta, uno de estos problemas es la creciente contaminación de los recursos hídricos por metales pesados. El Paraguay no escapa a esta problemática, la contaminación de ríos, arroyos y lagos aumenta progresivamente, siendo uno de los componentes más peligrosos el alto contenido de metales pesados. Typha dominguensis, más conocida como totora (Sudamérica), es una planta palustre, cosmopolita, ampliamente adaptada tanto en la región Oriental como Occidental del Paraguay. Esta especie es estudiada por sus propiedades de biorremediación de aguas contaminadas. En el Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas CEMIT/UNA se llevó a cabo el experimento para evaluar la absorción de metales pesados comúnmente encontrados en aguas residuales: cromo y cobre, en soluciones acuosas, en tres concentraciones diferentes, en tres repeticiones. El diseño utilizado fue el de completamente al azar. En el invernadero del CEMIT se acondicionaron plantas de T. domingensis dispuestos en baldes conteniendo 50 L de solución metálica, cada balde contuvo 5 plantas. Las plantas inicialmente fueron aclimatadas por un periodo de 30 días, posteriormente fueron expuestas a las soluciones metálicas. Se tomaron valores de la solución metálica del contenido de cromo, cobre, pH, O2, Tº, los días 1, 17 y 45, a partir de la exposición, las muestras fueron analizadas en el Laboratorio de Calidad de Aguas del CEMIT/UNA. Se utilizó como testigo soluciones metálicas sin el tratamiento con las plantas de T. dominguensis y plantas sin contacto con las soluciones metálicas. Los resultados fueron cotejados por el programa estadístico InfoStat® realizando un ANOVA y test de Tukey. Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas en la remoción del contenido de cobre y cromo en las tres concentraciones de soluciones metálicas, demostrado de esta manera que la planta tiene la capacidad de absorber metales pesados, sin embargo en los testigos (soluciones metálicas sin plantas) no se observaron cambios en el contenido de estos dos metales.

ABSTRACT The efficacy of two locally produced oxfendazole (OFZ) formulations against cysticercosis at 22,5% and 10%, versus a commercial formulation (Synanthic 9,06%) was evaluated in twenty-two naturally infected pigs that received a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg. Pigs were sacrificed at eight weeks post-treatment to evaluate the cysts found in their carcasses, and to determine the cysticidal efficacy, which was defined as the proportion of degenerated cysts over total cysts. Only degenerated cysts were found in muscle, heart, and tongue of pigs treated with OFZ in all groups, which shows an efficacy of 100%. Viable and degenerated cysts were found in brains, being the efficacy lower in all groups (65% [commercial OFZ], 47% [local OFZ 22.5%] and 31% [local OFZ 10%], p = 0.355). Locally produced OFZ formulations were similarly effective to the commercial formulation and may provide a practical alternative for the treatment of porcine cysticercosis.

RESUMEN Se evaluó la eficacia de dos formulaciones de oxfendazol (OFZ) contra cisticercosis producidas localmente, al 22,5% y 10% en comparación con una formulación comercial (Synanthic 9,06%) en 22 cerdos naturalmente infectados, que recibieron una dosis oral de 30 mg/kg. Los cerdos fueron sacrificados a las ocho semanas postratamiento para evaluar quistes en en sus carcasas, y se determinó la eficacia cisticida a través de la proporción de quistes degenerados sobre el total. Solo se encontraron quistes degenerados en la musculatura, corazón y lengua de los cerdos tratados con OFZ en todos los grupos, lo cual muestra una eficacia del 100%. En los cerebros se encontraron quistes viables y degenerados, con una eficacia menor en todos los grupos (65% [OFZ comercial], 47% [OFZ local 22,5%] y 31% [OFZ local 10%], p = 0,355. Las formulaciones de OFZ producidas localmente fueron igual de efectivas que la formulación comercial y pueden proporcionar una alternativa para el tratamiento de la cisticercosis porcina.

ABSTRACT The efficacy of two locally produced oxfendazole (OFZ) formulations against cysticercosis at 22,5% and 10%, versus a commercial formulation (Synanthic 9,06%) was evaluated in twenty-two naturally infected pigs that received a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg. Pigs were sacrificed at eight weeks post-treatment to evaluate the cysts found in their carcasses, and to determine the cysticidal efficacy, which was defined as the proportion of degenerated cysts over total cysts. Only degenerated cysts were found in muscle, heart, and tongue of pigs treated with OFZ in all groups, which shows an efficacy of 100%. Viable and degenerated cysts were found in brains, being the efficacy lower in all groups (65% [commercial OFZ], 47% [local OFZ 22.5%] and 31% [local OFZ 10%], p = 0.355). Locally produced OFZ formulations were similarly effective to the commercial formulation and may provide a practical alternative for the treatment of porcine cysticercosis.

RESUMEN Se evaluó la eficacia de dos formulaciones de oxfendazol (OFZ) contra cisticercosis producidas localmente, al 22,5% y 10% en comparación con una formulación comercial (Synanthic 9,06%) en 22 cerdos naturalmente infectados, que recibieron una dosis oral de 30 mg/kg. Los cerdos fueron sacrificados a las ocho semanas postratamiento para evaluar quistes en en sus carcasas, y se determinó la eficacia cisticida a través de la proporción de quistes degenerados sobre el total. Solo se encontraron quistes degenerados en la musculatura, corazón y lengua de los cerdos tratados con OFZ en todos los grupos, lo cual muestra una eficacia del 100%. En los cerebros se encontraron quistes viables y degenerados, con una eficacia menor en todos los grupos (65% [OFZ comercial], 47% [OFZ local 22,5%] y 31% [OFZ local 10%], p = 0,355. Las formulaciones de OFZ producidas localmente fueron igual de efectivas que la formulación comercial y pueden proporcionar una alternativa para el tratamiento de la cisticercosis porcina.

Resumo O Departamento de Piura é o principal produtor de manga do Peru, representando 66,7% da safra nacional. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar os frutos de quarenta variedades de manga, preservadas desde 1969, no noroeste do Peru. Os frutos foram colhidos na Estação Experimental Agrária de El Chira, Departamento de Piura, de dezembro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020. Foram avaliadas treze variáveis quantitativas dos frutos: largura, espessura, comprimento, peso, largura da semente, espessura da semente, comprimento da semente, porcentagem de semente, porcentagem de casca fresca, porcentagem de polpa, textura, °Brix e relação polpa / semente. As variedades com maior percentual de polpa foram Tommy Atkins, Haden x carabao 1, Irwin e Jaffra, sendo esta última, também, a variedade com maior relação polpa / semente (17,0). As variedades com maior °Brix foram Blacman (21,3 °Brix) e Julie (22,0 °Brix). O conhecimento das características dos frutos é essencial para a correta seleção e o aproveitamento pela indústria, principalmente aquelas com maior peso de polpa para obtenção de maiores rendimentos no processamento.

Abstract The department of Piura is the main mango producer in Peru accounting for 66.7% of the national crop. The objective of the study was to characterize the fruits of forty varieties of mango preserved since 1969 in northwestern Peru. The fruits were harvested at the El Chira Agrarian Experimental Station, Department of Piura from December 2019 to January 2020. Thirteen quantitative fruit variables were evaluated: width, thickness, length, weight, seed width, seed thickness, seed length, percentage of seed, percentage of fresh skin, percentage of pulp, texture, °Brix, and pulp / seed ratios. The varieties with the highest percentage of pulp were Tommy Atkins, Haden x carabao 1, Irwin, and Jaffra, the latter was also the variety with the highest pulp / seed ratio (17.0). The varieties with the highest ° Brix were Blacman (21.3 ° Brix) and Julie (22.0 ° Brix). Knowledge of the fruit characteristics is essential for proper selection and use by the industry, especially those with a higher pulp weight to obtaining higher yields in processing.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar e avaliar através de técnicas de análise e processamento digital de imagens (PDI) defeitos formados em revestimentos metálicos à base de ligas ferro-cromo e ferro-cobalto, obtidas por aspersão térmica à arco elétrico (AT). Imagens obtidas por microscopia óptica (MO) foram processadas e analisadas utilizando-se o software FIJI (Image J) para quantificação de poros, redes de óxidos e trincas. Também foram feitas medidas de microdureza Vickers (HV) e testes de corrosão segundo a norma ASTM-G48. Foram realizados dois testes de corrosão em meio de cloreto férrico: um expondo-se apenas o revestimento, onde a resistência a corrosão foi avaliada qualitativamente através de imagens de MO e a possível presença de pites de corrosão e outro expondo-se o conjunto revestimento e substrato, neste caso, a resistência a corrosão foi avaliada quantitativamente através de medidas na espessura da camada de revestimento antes e depois da exposição. Foi realizada uma avaliação microestrutural por MO e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados obtidos por MO, MEV e microdureza indicaram uniformidade nas camadas depositadas e porcentagem de defeitos variando entre 3,7% e 4,3% para os revestimentos estudados. Todos mostraram possuir excelente resistência à corrosão em meio de cloreto férrico, que é considerado agressivo aos aços inoxidáveis, exceto para a liga de revestimento à base de ferro-cobalto quando encontrou-se combinada ao cobre e com o substrato também exposto ao meio corrosivo

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to quantify and evaluate, through techniques of analysis and digital image processing (PDI), defects formed in metallic coatings based on ferro-nickel, iron-chromium and cobalt-chromium alloys obtained by thermal arc-electric spraying. Images obtained by optical microscopy (OM) were processed and analyzed using the FIJI software (Image J) for quantification of pores, oxide networks and cracks. Measurements of Vickers microhardness (HV) and corrosion tests according to the ASTM-G48. Two corrosion tests were carried out in ferric chloride medium: one exposing only the coating, where the corrosion resistance was evaluated qualitatively through OM images and the possible presence of corrosion pits and the other exposing the coating and substrate set, in this case, the corrosion resistance was quantitatively evaluated through measurements on the thickness of the coating layer before and after exposure. An assessment of the microstructural morphology by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was made. The results obtained by OM and SEM indicated that the coatings showed uniformity throughout the deposited layer and low number of defects (oxides, cracks and porosities). The percentage of defects found varied between 3.7% and 4.3% for the coatings studied. All showed excellent resistance to corrosion in ferric chloride, which is considered aggressive to stainless steels, except for the cobalt-based coating alloy when it was combined with copper and with the substrate also exposed to the corrosive environment.

Abstract A study was conducted in cattle slaughtered at the main abattoir in Mexico City (Ferrería) from January 1977 to December 1988 to determine the monthly and yearly frequency and economic impact of fasciolasis in these animals. The study was based on an analysis of the official records of the Sanitary Inspection Service of Ferrería. During this period, 2,101,224 bovines were slaughtered and 109,127 livers with F. hepatica were confiscated, representing 5.19%, equivalent to 763,889 kg of bovine livers with an economic loss of 1,375,000,200 pesos. The range of confiscated livers was between 3.70% and 6.28%. The year with the most confiscations was 1977 and the least, 1982; July and March were the months with the highest (6.82%) and the lowest (4.09%) figures, respectively.

Abstract This work is focused on the failure analysis of a HP40 steel tube used in steam reformer units, which was operated at about 850 °C for 100000 h. The failure analysis was conducted experimentally and numerically using the Thermo-Calc software. The main results indicated that the failed tube presented slightly different contents of Ni and Cr from the nominal ones, which originated the absence of the interdendritic eutectic microconstituent, composed of austenite and M7C3 carbides. This fact was also corroborated by Thermo-Calc results. This absence of eutectic facilitates the crack propagation on the dendritic zones and then the trangranular brittle fracture propagation through the austenite dendritic zones.

Resumo Fundamento: Faltam dados prospectivos sobre as associações de adiponectina com medidas in-vivo de grau, fenótipo e vulnerabilidade da aterosclerose coronariana. Objetivo: Investigar a associação da adiponectina plasmática com medidas de aterosclerose derivadas de ultrassonografia virtual intravascular (VH-IVUS) e eventos cardíacos adversos importantes (major adverse cardiac events - MACE) em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana estabelecida. Métodos: Em 2008-2011, a VH-IVUS de um segmento coronariano não estenótico não culpado foi realizado em 581 pacientes submetidos à angiografia coronariana para síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA, n = 318) ou angina pectoris estável (APE, n = 263) a partir do estudo de ultrassonografia aterosclerótica-intravascular (ATHEROREMO-IVUS). Sangue foi amostrado antes da angiografia coronária. Foram avaliados a carga de placa coronária, a composição tecidual, as lesões de alto risco, incluindo fibroateroma de capa fina (FCF) derivado de VH-IVUS. Mortalidade por todas as causas, SCA, e revascularização coronária não planejada foram registradas durante um ano de acompanhamento. Todos os testes estatísticos foram bicaudais e os valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: Na coorte completa, os níveis de adiponectina não foram associados à carga de placa, nem a vários tipos de tecido virtual histológico. Entre os pacientes com APE, os níveis de adiponectina (mediana[IIQ]: 2,9(1,9-3,9) µg/mL) foram associados positivamente às lesões FCF derivadas de VH-IVUS, (OR[IC 95%]: 1,78[1,06-3,00], p = 0,030), e inversamente associados a lesões com área luminal mínima (ALM) ≤4,0 mm2 (OR[IC 95%]: 0,55[0,32-0,92], p = 0,025). Em pacientes com SCA, os níveis de adiponectina (mediana[IIQ]: 2,9 [1,8-4,1] µg/mL) não foram associados à carga de placa nem a componentes teciduais. A associação positive de adiponectina ao óbito esteve presente na coorte completa (HR[IC 95%]: 2,52[1,02-6,23], p = 0,045) e (limítrofe) em pacientes com APE (HR[IC 95%]: 8,48[0,92-78,0], p = 0,058). Entre pacientes com SCA, essa associação perdeu significância estatística após ajuste multivariado (HR[IC 95%]: 1,87[0,67-5,19], p = 0,23). Conclusão: Na coorte completa, os níveis de adiponectina foram associados à obito, mas não a medidas de aterosclerose por VH-IVUS. Em pacientes com APE, os níveis de adiponectina foram associados a lesões FCF derivadas de VH-IVUS. Em geral, o papel da adiponectina na vulnerabilidade da placa permanece não confirmado.

Abstract Background: Prospective data on the associations of adiponectin with in-vivo measurements of degree, phenotype and vulnerability of coronary atherosclerosis are currently lacking. Objective: To investigate the association of plasma adiponectin with virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS)-derived measures of atherosclerosis and with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with established coronary artery disease. Methods: In 2008-2011, VH-IVUS of a non-culprit non-stenotic coronary segment was performed in 581 patients undergoing coronary angiography for acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n = 318) or stable angina pectoris (SAP, n = 263) from the atherosclerosis-intravascular ultrasound (ATHEROREMO-IVUS) study. Blood was sampled prior to coronary angiography. Coronary plaque burden, tissue composition, high-risk lesions, including VH-IVUS-derived thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), were assessed. All-cause mortality, ACS, unplanned coronary revascularization were registered during a 1-year-follow-up. All statistical tests were two-tailed and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: In the full cohort, adiponectin levels were not associated with plaque burden, nor with the various VH-tissue types. In SAP patients, adiponectin levels (median[IQR]: 2.9(1.9-3.9) µg/mL) were positively associated with VH-IVUS derived TCFA lesions, (OR[95%CI]: 1.78[1.06-3.00], p = 0.030), and inversely associated with lesions with minimal luminal area (MLA) ≤ 4.0 mm2 (OR[95%CI]: 0.55[0.32-0.92], p = 0.025). In ACS patients, adiponectin levels (median[IQR]: 2.9 [1.8-4.1] µg/mL)were not associated with plaque burden, nor with tissue components. Positive association of adiponectin with death was present in the full cohort (HR[95%CI]: 2.52[1.02-6.23], p = 0.045) and (borderline) in SAP patients (HR[95%CI]: 8.48[0.92-78.0], p = 0.058). In ACS patients, this association lost statistical significance after multivariable adjustment (HR[95%CI]: 1.87[0.67-5.19], p = 0.23). Conclusion: In the full cohort, adiponectin levels were associated with death but not with VH-IVUS atherosclerosis measures. In SAP patients, adiponectin levels were associated with VH-IVUS-derived TCFA lesions. Altogether, substantial role for adiponectin in plaque vulnerability remains unconfirmed.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi contribuir para o conhecimento da assembleia de besouros Scolytinae associada a plantios de eucalipto no sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil e determinar espécies de importância à cultura. Amostras quinzenais foram retiradas de cinco fazendas da Fibria Celulose S/A, florestadas com Eucalyptus spp., no período de fevereiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2010, com armadilhas de interceptação de voo iscadas com etanol a 95%. Foram coletados 7.365 exemplares em 76 espécies, 18 gêneros e sete tribos. Corthylini, representada pelos gêneros Corthylus, Monarthum, Amphicranus, Metacorthylus, Microcorthylus e Tricolus e Xyleborini, por Ambrosiodmus, Dryocoetoides, Xyleborinus, Xyleborus e Xylosandrus foram as tribos mais representativas, com 42,1% e 31,6% espécies, respectivamente. Xylosandrus retusus e Xyleborinus saxeseni foram as espécies mais abundantes com 52,64% e 27,98% do total de espécimes amostradas, seguida por Corthylus antennarius, com 4,15% besouros coletados. Quinze espécies foram comuns a todos os locais, incluindo Xyleborus ferrugineus, considerada praga desta cultura, enquanto 25 espécies foram encontradas exclusivamente em apenas um local. A fazenda Cerro Alegre apresentou a maior riqueza de espécies e maior quantidade de espécies exclusivas; São Manoel demonstrou o maior índice de diversidade e equitabilidade; Aroeira teve a maior frequência de Scolytinae e São Francisco evidenciou a maior abundância e dominância. O estudo das assembleias de Scolytinae evidenciou o predomínio das espécies Xylosandrus retusus e Xyleborinus saxeseni em todos os ambientes estudados.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of the assembly of Scolytinae beetles associated with Eucalyptus plantations in southern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, and determine species of importance to the culture. Biweekly samples were taken from five Fibria Celulose S/A farms forested with Eucalyptus spp., from February 2006 to December 2010, with flight intercept traps baited with 95% ethanol. We collected 7,365 specimens within 76 species, 18 genera, and seven tribes. Corthylini, represented by the genera Corthylus, Monarthum, Amphicranus, Metacorthylus, Microcorthylusand Tricolus, and Xyleborini, by Ambrosiodmus, Dryocoetoides, Xyleborinus, Xyleborus and Xylosandrus, were the most representative tribes, with 42.1% and 31.6% species, respectively. Xylosandrus retusus (Eichhoff) and Xyleborinus saxeseni (Ratzeburg) were the most abundant species, with 52.64% and 27.98% of all specimens sampled, followed by Corthylus antennarius Schedl with 4.15% beetles collected. Fifteen species were common to all sites, including Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius), considered a potential pest to the culture, while 25 species were found exclusively in only one site. The farm Cerro Alegre had the highest species richness and larger number of exclusive species; São Manoel farm presented the highest diversity index and equitability; Aroeira farm had the highest frequency of Scolytinae and São Francisco farm showed the greatest abundance and dominance. The study of Scolytinae assemblages showed the predominance of Xylosandrus retusus and Xyleborinus saxeseni in all studied environmentals.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess sero-prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Atahualpa, a rural Ecuadorian village endemic for human neurocysticercosis. Design: We aim to collect at least 600 blood samples of local pigs, to quantify the number of positive bands in the EITB, and to estimate crude prevalence rates of porcine cysticercosis in the village. Sampling will only include pigs older than 2 months of age. Only healthy pigs will be sampled, to avoid risks inherent to manipulation of sick animals. There will be no risk for pigs as the result of the procedure. According to the estimated endemicity of human cysticercosis, we expect to find about 25% of infected pigs in this study. In the event of prevalence rates above or below the expected percentage, we will attempt to assess the causes of such discrepancies. All pig positive to 3 bands of more in the EITB will receive treatment with oxfendazole at a single dose of 30 mg/kg. Comment: The importance of defining the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in a village endemic for human neurocysticercosis is to confirm the existence of active transmission. If this is true, treatment of infected pigs will help to interrupt the life cycle of Taenia solium, thus reducing the prevalence of this disease in humans.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de cisticercosis porcina en la parroquia rural Atahualpa, un poblado donde se ha demostrado endemia de neurocisticercosis humana. Diseño: Para el presente estudio, se colectarán muestras de sangre de aproximadamente 600 cerdos, las cuales serán procesadas mediante la prueba de EITB para estimar la tasa actual de sero-prevalencia de cisticercosis porcina. Unicamente se considerará el muestreo en cerdos a partir de los 2 meses de edad. Asimismo, solo se considerarán a aquellos animales sin evidencia de manifestaciones clínicas que hagan riesgosa su manipulación durante la toma de muestras de sangre. El presente estudio no contempla riesgo para la salud de los animales durante la toma de muestras. De acuerdo a las características de endemicidad de cisticercosis humana en Atahualpa, consideramos que la seroprevalencia esperada de cisticercosis porcina mediante EITB sea de al menos 25%. Entre los objetivos secundarios está el determinar los factores relacionados a una mayor o menor seroprevalencia de cisticercosis porcina (de la esperada). Todos los cerdos que resulten positivos (al menos 3 bandas) en el EITB, serán subsecuentemente tratados con oxfendazole, utilizando el régimen de dosis única de 30 mg/kg. Comentario: La importancia de definir la presencia de infección en la población porcina de una zona híper-endémica de neurocisticercosis humana radica en confirmar la existencia de transmisión activa. Si ésta es demostrada, el tratamiento de los cerdos infectados ayudará a interrumpir el ciclo de la Taenia solium y reducirá la prevalencia de esta enfermedad.