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Antileishmanial metallodrugs and the elucidation of new drug targets linked to post-translational modifications machinery: pitfalls and progress
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Monte Neto, Rubens Lima do

; Moreira, Paulo Otávio Lourenço

; de Sousa, Alessandra Mara

; Garcia, Miguel Antonio do Nascimento

; Maran, Suellen Rodrigues

; Moretti, Nilmar Silvio

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2022, Volume 117 elocation e210403

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Despite the increasing number of manuscripts describing potential alternative antileishmanial compounds, little is advancing on translating these knowledges to new products to treat leishmaniasis. This is in part due to the lack of standardisations during pre-clinical drug discovery stage and also depends on the alignment of goals among universities/research centers, government and pharmaceutical industry. Inspired or not by drug repurposing, metal-based antileishmanial drugs represent a class that deserves more attention on its use for leishmaniasis chemotherapy. Together with new chemical entities, progresses have been made on the knowledge of parasite-specific drug targets specially after using CRISPR/Cas system for functional studies. In this regard, Leishmania parasites undergoe post-translational modification as key regulators in several cellular processes, which represents an entire new field for drug target elucidation, once this is poorly explored. This perspective review describes the advances on antileishmanial metallodrugs and the elucidation of drug targets based on post-translational modifications, highlighting the limitations on the drug discovery/development process and suggesting standardisations focused on products addressed to who need it most.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220403

The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in an indigenous population in Brazil: an epidemiological study
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Croda, Mariana Garcia

; Barbosa, Marcelo dos Santos

; Marchioro, Silvana Beutinger

; Nascimento, Débora Dupas Gonçalves do

; Melo, Enirtes Caetano Prates

; Cruz, Oswaldo Gonçalves

; Torres, Alex José Leite

; Oliveira, Laís Albuquerque de

; Ganem, Fabiana

; Simionatto, Simone

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2022, Volume 64 elocation e69

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional observational study that describes the epidemiological data of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, aimed to demonstrate the differences between indigenous and non-indigenous populations, characterize confirmed cases of COVID-19 according to risk factors related to ethnicity, comorbidities and their evolution and to verify the challenges in facing the disease in Brazil. SIVEP-Gripe and E-SUS-VE, a nationwide surveillance database in Brazil, from March 2020 to March 2021 in Mato Grosso do Sul state, were used to compare survivors and non-survivors from indigenous and non-indigenous populations and the epidemiological incidence curves of these populations. A total of 176,478, including 5,299 indigenous people, were confirmed. Among the indigenous population, 52.5% (confidence interval [CI] 51.2-53.9) were women, 38% (CI 36.7-39.4) were 20-39 years old, 56.7% were diagnosed by rapid antibody tests, 12.3% (CI 95%:11.5-13.2) had at least one comorbidity, and 5.3% (CI 95%:4.7–5.9) were hospitalized. In the non-indigenous patients, 56.8% were confirmed using RT-PCR, 4.4% (CI 95%:4.3-4.5) had at least one comorbidity, and 8.0% (CI 95%:7.9-8.2) were hospitalized. The majority of non-survivors were ≥60 years old (65.1% indigenous vs. 74.1% non-indigenous). The mortality in indigenous people was more than three times higher (11% vs. 2.9%). Indigenous people had a lower proportion of RT-PCR diagnoses; deaths were more frequent in younger patients and were less likely to be admitted to hospital. Mass vaccination may have controlled the incidence and mortality associated with COVID-19 in this population during the period of increased viral circulation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202264069

Seasonally dry tropical forest temporal patterns are marked by floristic stability and structural changes
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Souza, Cléber Rodrigo de

; Santos, Alisson Borges Miranda

; Maia, Vinícius Andrade

; Paula, Gabriela Gomes Pires de

; Fagundes, Nathalle Cristine Alencar

; Coelho, Polyanne Aparecida

; Santos, Paola Ferreira

; Morel, Jean Daniel

; Garcia, Paulo Oswaldo

; Santos, Rubens Manoel dos

CERNE

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2021, Volume 27 elocation e-102355

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTF) are recognized by their great biological diversity, but little is known about their temporal patterns, which may be crucial in a changing world. Here we aimed to characterize the SDTF dynamic patterns in floristic and structural changes, and also to evaluate shifts in dynamic rates and structural attributes such as richness, number of trees and biomass. Our hypothesis is that SDTF tree communities have their dynamic characterized by temporal fluctuations related to an instability pattern, in according to the already found for others tropical forests. For this we used a data of 42 400 m² plots in three fragments in the Brazilian Arboreal Caatinga, measured in 2005, 2010 and 2015. We evaluated temporal changes in richness, species composition, trees density, biomass and rates of tree mortality and recruitment; and also rates of biomass gain and loss. Results: We found a pattern of floristic composition stability, but with changes in structure and dynamics. There was a tree density decrease driven by constant mortality and by recruitment decrease, and biomass increase due to decrease in biomass loss and to increase in biomass gain. The biomass increase was main related to a small set of dominant species that are the most representative in the community dynamics. Conclusion: SDTF dynamics are related to stability in species composition, but with structural changes towards higher biomass stocks. The results are main related to community dynamics and to SDTF attributes such as climatic seasonality that drives the local ecological processes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202127012355 418 downloads

COMVC-19: A Program to protect healthcare workers’ mental health during the COVID-19 Pandemic. What we have learned
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Fukuti, Pedro

; Uchôa, Caroline Louise Mesquita

; Mazzoco, Marina Flaborea

; Cruz, Isabella D'Andrea Garcia da

; Echegaray, Mariana V.F.

; Humes, Eduardo de Castro

; Silveira, Júlia Belizário

; Santi, Talita Di

; Miguel, Euripedes Constantino

; Corchs, Felipe

; Fatori, Daniel

; Campello, Guilherme

; Oliveira, Gabriel M. de

; Argolo, Felipe C.

; Ferreira, Felipe de M.

; Machado, Gustavo

; Argeu, Adriana

; Oliveira, Graça Maria Ramos de

; Serafim, Antônio de Pádua

; Siqueira, Luciana de Lima

; Rossi, Luciane de

; Rios, Izabel Cristina

; Oliveira, Talita Rodrigues de

; Antoniazzi, Leilane C. K.

; Gagliotti, Daniel Augusto Mori

; Abelama Neto, Emílio

; Oliveira Junior, Paulo Novais de

; Correia, Aline Villalobo

; Gonçalves, Luca Schilling

; Tortato, Liana Silva

; Busato, Wagner Machado Moraes

; Guimarães-Fernandes, Flávio

; Alves, Marcos

; Leite Netto, Oswaldo Ferreira

; Schoueri, Patrícia de Campos Lindenberg

; Roque, Márcio de Assis

; Merlin, Silvia Stahl

; Boer, Giovana Cardoso Machado

; Sallet, Paulo Clemente

; Malbergier, André

; Spedo, Mariana Abrahão

; Kamitsuji, Carla Satie

; Faria, Elizabeth de

; Moreira, Moacyr Vergara de Godoy

; Kaufman, Arthur

; Abdo, Carmita

; Scanavino, Marco de Tubino

; Lancman, Selma

; Tavares, Hermano

; Polanczyk, Guilherme

; Brunoni, André R.

; Forlenza, Orestes V.

; Barros-Filho, Tarcísio Eloy Pessoa de

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e2631

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic brought a work and stress overload to healthcare workers, increasing their vulnerability to mental health impairments. In response, the authors created the COMVC-19 program. The program offered preventive actions and mental health treatment for the 22,000 workers of The Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP). This paper aims to describe its implementation and share what we have learned from this experience. METHODS: Workers were able to easily access the program through a 24/7 hotline. Additionally, a mobile phone app that screened for signs and symptoms of emotional distress and offered psychoeducation and/or referral to treatment was made available. Data from both these sources as well as any subsequent psychiatric evaluations were collected. RESULTS: The first 20 weeks of our project revealed that most participants were female, and part of the nursing staff working directly with COVID-19 patients. The most frequently reported symptoms were: anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances. The most common diagnoses were Adjustment, Anxiety, and Mood disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a mental health program in a multimodal intervention was feasible in a major quaternary public hospital. Our data also suggests that preventive actions should primarily be aimed at anxiety and depression symptoms, with a particular focus on the nursing staff.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e2631

Apoio matricial como ferramenta da articulação entre atenção básica e Caps: o que os dados secundários mostram?
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Godoi, Lídia Pereira da Silva

; Belotti, Lorrayne

; Garcia, Érica Marvila

; Rosa, Tereza Etsuko da Costa

; Tanaka, Oswaldo Yoshimi

Saúde em Debate

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Dez 2020, Volume 44 Nº spe3 Páginas 128 - 143

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar a correlação entre indicadores de estrutura – recursos físicos e trabalhadores – e de processo – produção do psicólogo e do psiquiatra – e a magnitude do apoio matricial realizado. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, descritivo-analítico, baseado em dados secundários do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, abrangendo as Coordenadorias Regionais de Saúde de São Paulo, no período de 2014 a 2018. À medida que a produção do psicólogo na atenção básica aumenta, a frequência do matriciamento aumenta. Isso pode ocorrer, pois o psicólogo, como profissional do campo, pode facilitar a articulação entre os serviços. Ao mesmo tempo, conforme a produção do psiquiatra da atenção básica aumenta, a frequência do matriciamento diminui. Uma possibilidade de explicação para tal contradição seria a não superação do modelo médico hegemônico. O município tem uma realidade complexa e heterogênea, diferentemente de todo o Brasil. As coordenadorias possuem grandes e importantes diferenças entre si, o que torna a pesquisa um desafio. No entanto, o matriciamento e as ações compartilhadas entre as unidades são metas importantes para a gestão municipal, o que destaca a necessidade da realização de pesquisas no campo.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between structural (physical resources and workers) and process (psychologist and psychiatrist procedures) indicators and the magnitude of the matrix support carried out. This is an ecological, descriptive-analytical study, based on secondary data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, covering the Regional Health Coordinators of São Paulo, from 2014 to 2018. Results show the bigger the amount of procedures conducted by psychologists in primary care, the higher the matrix support performed. A possible explanation is the fact that such professional can more easily articulate different types of service, given the expertise acquired by working in the field. On the other hand, the opposite happens between psychiatrist procedures and matrix support, which may indicate the hegemonic medical model is still in place and working as a barrier. São Paulo presents a very diverse and complex reality, which is different from other regions of the country and also results in important differences across health coordinators, making this research very challenging. Nevertheless, matrix support and shared actions among health units must be encouraged given its importance for the city management. Hence, more researches are needed in the field.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042020e312

Apoio matricial como ferramenta da articulação entre atenção básica e Caps: o que os dados secundários mostram?
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Godoi, Lídia Pereira da Silva

; Belotti, Lorrayne

; Garcia, Érica Marvila

; Rosa, Tereza Etsuko da Costa

; Tanaka, Oswaldo Yoshimi

Saúde em Debate

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Out 2020, Volume 44 Nº spe3 Páginas 128 - 143

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042020e312 90 downloads

Entomological and virological surveillance for dengue virus in churches in Merida, Mexico
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Baak-Baak, Carlos Marcial

; Cigarroa-Toledo, Nohemi

; Pech-May, Angelica

; Cruz-Escalona, Guadalupe A.

; Cetina-Trejo, Rosa C.

; Tzuc-Dzul, Julio C.

; Talavera-Aguilar, Lourdes Gabriela

; Flores-Ruiz, Suemy

; Machain-Williams, Carlos

; Torres-Chable, Oswaldo Margarito

; Blitvich, Bradley J.

; Mendez-Galvan, Jorge

; Garcia-Rejon, Julian E.

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2019, Volume 61 elocation e9

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study was designed to assess whether churches in endemic dengue districts in Merida, Mexico provide suitable breeding habitats for mosquitoes and are potential sites for dengue virus (DENV) transmission. Churches were inspected for immature and adult mosquitoes once every week from November 2015 to October 2016. A total of 10,997 immatures of five species were collected. The most abundant species were Aedes aegypti (6,051) and Culex quinquefasciatus (3,018). The most common source of immature Ae. aegypti were buckets followed by disposable containers. Adult collections yielded 21,226 mosquitoes of nine species. The most common species were Cx. quinquefasciatus (15,215) and Ae. aegypti (3,902). Aedes aegypti were found all year long. Female Ae. aegypti (1,380) were sorted into pools (166) and assayed for flavivirus RNA by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Two pools were positive for DENV (DENV-1 and 2). In conclusion, we demonstrated that some churches in Merida are infested with mosquitoes all year long and they potentially serve as sites for DENV transmission and should therefore be considered for inclusion in mosquito and arboviruses control and surveillance efforts.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201961009 2163 downloads

Study of Aedes aegypti population with emphasis on the gonotrophic cycle length and identification of arboviruses: implications for vector management in cemeteries
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Garcia-Rejon, Julian E.

; Ulloa-Garcia, Armando

; Cigarroa-Toledo, Nohemi

; Pech-May, Angelica

; Machain-Williams, Carlos

; Cetina-Trejo, Rosa Carmina

; Talavera-Aguilar, Lourdes Gabriela

; Torres-Chable, Oswaldo Margarito

; Navarro, Juan Carlos

; Baak-Baak, Carlos Marcial

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2018, Volume 60 elocation e44

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti is the vector of the arboviruses causing dengue, chikungunya and zika infections in Mexico. However, its presence in public places has not been fully evaluated. In a cemetery from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, the productivity of Ae. aegypti, the gonotrophic cycle, and the presence of Ae. aegypti females infected with arboviruses were evaluated. Immature and adult mosquitoes were inspected every two months between April 2016 to June 2017. For the gonotrophic cycle length, the daily pattern of total and parous female ratio was registered and was analyzed using time series analysis. Ae. aegypti females were sorted into pools and assayed for flavivirus RNA by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Aedes aegypti immatures represented 82.86% (8,627/10,411) of the collection. In total, 1,648 Ae. aegypti females were sorted into 166 pools. Two pools were positive; one for dengue virus (DENV-1) and the other for zika virus (ZIKV). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DENV-1 is more closely related to isolates from Brazil. While ZIKV is more closely related to the Asian lineage, which were isolates from Guatemala and Mexico. We report some evidence of vertical transmission of DENV-1 in nulliparous females of Ae. aegypti. The gonotrophic cycle was four and three days in the rainy and dry season, respectively. The cemetery of Merida is an important focus of Ae. aegypti proliferation, and these environments may play a role in arboviruses transmission; probably limiting the efficacy of attempts to suppress the presence of mosquitoes in domestic environments.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201860044 1907 downloads

ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS POTENCIAIS PARA RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁREAS SOB A INFLUÊNCIA DA MINERAÇÃO DE BAUXITA EM CAMPOS DE ALTITUDE NA REGIÃO DE POÇOS DE CALDAS - MG
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Nascimento, Gleisson de Oliveira

; Pereira, José Aldo Alves

; Barros, Dalmo Arantes

; Viana, Pedro Lage

; Carvalho, Warley Augusto Caldas

; Garcia, Paulo Oswaldo

; Ferreira, Josimar Batista

Ciência Florestal

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Mar 2017, Volume 27 Nº 1 Páginas 85 - 96

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento das principais espécies provenientes de propágulos na camada superficial do solo sobre minas de bauxita, em "Campos de Altitude de Mata Atlântica", como forma de sugerir espécies potenciais para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Foram realizadas amostragens dos cinco primeiros centímetros de substratos contendo o material propagativo da área. As amostras foram acompanhadas em viveiro e realizou-se a contagem da emergência de plantas a cada 24 horas, sendo identificados os indivíduos no final do experimento. Foram calculados os índices de abundância e diversidade. Neste estudo, três das espécies de maior ocorrência foram comuns nos dois períodos (seco e chuvoso): Ageratum fastigiatum, Echinolaena inflexa e Borreria latifolia. O valor do Índice de Shannon (H') encontrado para as espécies provenientes da camada superficial do solo em vegetação de "Campos de Altitude de Mata Atlântica" no período seco correspondeu a 2,79 nats.ind-1 e 2,23 nats.ind-1 no período chuvoso. Já a equabilidade de Pielou (J') observada para o período seco foi igual a 0,72 e 0,63 para o período chuvoso. A similaridade entre os dois períodos foi de 0,36. Comparando a variável resposta, número de indivíduos entre os dois períodos, identificou-se diferença estatística com maior média para o período seco. De acordo com as condições que este trabalho foi realizado, é possível afirmar que existem espécies com potencial para recuperação de áreas mineradas em vegetação de Campos de Altitude. Portanto, sugere-se que sejam realizados estudos complementares de ecologia dessas espécies e de tecnologia de sementes como forma de fundamentar a aplicação desses conhecimentos em práticas de recuperação de áreas mineradas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to perform a survey of the main species derived from the propagules present on the topsoil over bauxite mines in "Altitude Fields in Atlantic Forest", as a form to suggest potential species for recovering degraded areas. Samples were taken from the first five centimeters of substrate containing the area propagative material. The samples were housed in a nursery where we counted the plant emergences every 24 hours, identifying the individuals at the end. The abundance and diversity indexes were calculated. In this study, three of the higher occurrence species were common in both periods (dry and rainy): Ageratum fastigiatum, Echinolaena inflexa and Borreria latifolia. The value found for the Shannon Index (H') for the species derived from propagules on the topsoil in vegetation in the altitude fields in Atlantic Forest during the dry period were of 2.79 nats.ind-1 and during the rainy period was of 2.23 nats.ind-1. Pielou's equability observed for the dry period was of 0.72 and for the rainy period was of 0.63. The similarity between both periods was of 0.36. Comparing the response variable number of individuals between both periods, we identified a statistical difference with a larger mean for the dry period. According to the conditions this work was performed in, it is possible to ascertain that there are species with potential to recover mined areas in vegetation in altitude fields. Therefore, we suggest that ecology complementary studies are performed on these species and seed technology as a way to fundament the application of this knowledge in mined area recovery practices.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509826449 1731 downloads

10.

FLORISTIC COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO TREE COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH HABITAT DESCRIPTOR VARIABLES
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Morel, Jean Daniel

; Santos, Rubens Manoel dos

; Fontes, Marco Aurélio Leite

; Garcia, Paulo Oswaldo

; Souza, Fernanda Maria de

CERNE

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Dez 2015, Volume 21 Nº 4 Páginas 601 - 616

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O conhecimento sobre a influência das variáveis ambientais é essencial para que se compreenda os padrões ecológicos atuantes sobre a vegetação. Este trabalho comparou a composição florística de duas comunidades florestais localizadas em diferentes altitudes. Associada a essa comparação, foi utilizada uma metodologia onde variáveis descritoras do ambiente foram escalonadas e interpretadas junto ao conjunto biótico amostrado. Através de uma matriz, com a pontuação dada em campo para variáveis físicas, bióticas, da estrutura da vegetação e de antropização, e de outra, contendo as espécies amostradas, análises multivariadas foram utilizadas. Constatou-se que as comunidades diferem floristicamente entre as diferentes altitudes e que a metodologia utilizada indicou variáveis importantes para a caracterização ecológica dos ambientes amostrados.

ABSTRACT The knowledge about the influence of habitat variables is essential to understand the underlying ecological patterns in vegetation. This study compared the floristic composition of two forest communities located in different altitudes. Associated with this comparison, we used a methodology where habitat descriptor variables were scaled and interpreted by the biotic set sampled. We constructed one matrix with scores given to physical, biotic, vegetation, and anthropogenic variables in the field and one matrix with the species sampled and performed multivariate analyses. We found that the floristic communities differ between the different altitudes and that the methodology used showed significant variables for the ecological characterization of the sampled habitat.

https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760201521041934 1192 downloads

11.

Demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats of Votorantim, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Baquero, Oswaldo Santos

; Chiozzotto, Evelyn Nestori

; Garcia, Rita de Cassia Maria

; Amaku, Marcos

; Ferreira, Fernando

Ciência Rural

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Nov 2015, Volume 45 Nº 11 Páginas 2039 - 2043

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Um desenho amostral por conglomerados em dois estágios foi usado para estimar parâmetros populacionais de cães e gatos da área urbana de Votorantim, São Paulo, Brasil, visando dar suporte ao planejamento e implementação de programas de manejo populacional de animais de companhia. Para os cães, as estimativas do total e da densidade foram 27,241 cães (95% intervalo de confiança [CI]=23,903-30,578) e 951 cães km-2 (95% CI=835-1,068), respectivamente. Para os gatos, essas estimativas foram 5,579 gatos (95% CI=3,595-7,562) e 195 gatos km-2 (95% CI=126-264). O custo foi a razão mais prevalente para não esterilizar os animais (33%, 95% CI=23%-44%, Deff=6.1). A porcentagem de entrevistados que relatou razões para abandonar seus animais foi igual a nove (95% CI=5-13, Deff=2.1). Outras estimativas foram obtidas, incluindo estimativas indiretas de abandono. As estimativas associadas ao abandono sugerem que a prevalência desse fenômeno pode afetar significativamente a dinâmica populacional. A distribuição de cães por domicílio pode ser usada para construir populações hipotéticas e validar procedimentos de estimação. As estimativas geradas permitem a parametrização de modelos matemáticos e a construção de indicadores de manejo populacional

A two-stage cluster sample design was used to estimate population parameters of dogs and cats of the urban area of Votorantim, São Paulo State, Brazil, to support the planning and implementation of population management programs for companion animals. For dogs, the total and density estimates were 27,241 dogs (95% confidence interval [CI]=23,903-30,578) and 951 dogs km-2 (95% CI=835-1,068), respectively. For cats, these estimates were 5,579 cats (95% CI=3,595-7,562) and 195 cats km-2 (95% CI=126-264). Cost was the most prevalent reason for not sterilizing the animals (33%, 95% CI=23%-44%, Deff=6.1). The percentage of interviewees that expressed reasons for abandoning their animals was equal to 9 (95% CI=5-13, Deff=2.1). Other estimates were obtained, including indirect estimates of abandonment. The estimates associated with abandonment suggest that the prevalence of this phenomenon can significantly affect population dynamics. Distribution of dogs per household can be used to construct hypothetical populations and to validate estimation procedures. The estimates generated allow parameterizing mathematical models and constructing population management indicators

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141646 2442 downloads

12.

DINÂMICA ESTRUTURAL EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUIFÓLIA EM LAVRAS, MG, BRASIL
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Meyer, Pablo Burkowski

; Oliveira-Filho, Ary Teixeira de

; Botezelli, Luciana

; Fontes, Marco Aurélio Leite

; Garcia, Paulo Oswaldo

; Santos, Rubens Manoel dos

CERNE

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Jun 2015, Volume 21 Nº 2 Páginas 259 - 265

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se descrever a dinâmica estrutural da comunidade arbórea de um fragmento de floresta semideciduifólia (Mata do Capivari), situado em Lavras, Minas Gerais. O estudo teve como base três inventários realizados no período de onze anos (1997, 2003 e 2008) em 28 parcelas permanentes de 20×20 m onde foi registrada a espécie e a medida de diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) das árvores com DAP ≥ 5 cm, incluindo sobreviventes, mortas ou recrutas. A hipótese foi de que os padrões de dinâmica do primeiro período (1997 a 2003) persistiram no segundo (2003 a 2008). Os descritores da dinâmica foram taxas de mortalidade e recrutamento de árvores individuais (dinâmica demográfica), taxas de ganho e perda de área basal (dinâmica da biomassa) e as respectivas taxas de mudança líquida. Entre 2003 e 2008, a taxa de mortalidade, de 3,30%.ano-1, superou a de recrutamento, de 2,78%.ano-1. A taxa de ganho em área basal foi de 2,72%.ano-1, pouco inferior à de perda, de 2,98%.ano-1. De maneira geral, os padrões repetiram os do primeiro período (1998 a 2003), com persistência de um lento declínio demográfico, particularmente concentrado nas proximidades do rio, e uma área basal próxima da estabilidade, ao contrário da alta encosta, onde ocorreu uma significativa expansão. Comparativamente, a Mata do Capivari é uma das mais estáveis entre as estudadas na região, a despeito da persistente interferência humana

The present contribution aimed at describing the structural dynamics of the tree community of a forest fragment of seasonal semi-deciduous forest (Mata do Capivari) situated in Lavras, Minas Gerais State, South-eastern Brazil. The study was based on three surveys carried out during an 11-year period (1997, 2003 and 2008) in 28 20×20 m permanent plots where records were made of the species and diameter at breast height (dbh) of trees with dbh ≥ 5 cm, including survival, mortality and recruits. The hypothesis was that the patterns of dynamics found in the first interval (1997-2003) persisted in the second (2003-2008). The descriptors of dynamics were the rates of mortality and recruitment of individual trees (dynamics of demography), rates of gain and loss of tree basal area (dynamics of biomass), and respective net change rates. Between 2003 and 2008, the mortality rate, of 3.30%.yr-1, surpassed the recruitment rate, of 2.78%.yr-1. The gain rate in basal area was 2.72%.yr-1, only a little inferior to the loss rate, of 2.98%.yr-1. In general, these patterns repeated those of the first interval (1998-2003), with a persisting slow demographic decline, particularly concentrated near the river, and a nearly stable basal area. Comparatively speaking, the Mata do Capivari is one of the most stable among those studied in the region despite persistent human interference.

https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760201521021711 1711 downloads

13.

MONTENEGRO SKIN TEST AND AGE OF SKIN LESION AS PREDICTORS OF TREATMENT FAILURE IN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
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Antonio, Liliane de Fátima

; Fagundes, Aline

; Oliveira, Raquel Vasconcellos Carvalhaes

; Pinto, Priscila Garcia

; Bedoya-Pacheco, Sandro Javier

; Vasconcellos, Érica de Camargo Ferreira e

; Valete-Rosalino, Maria Cláudia

; Lyra, Marcelo Rosandiski

; Passos, Sônia Regina Lambert

; Pimentel, Maria Inês Fernandes

; Schubach, Armando de Oliveira

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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Set 2014, Volume 56 Nº 5 Páginas 375 - 380

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Conduzimos estudo caso-controle que verificou a associação entre a intradermorreação de Montenegro (IDRM), o tempo de evolução da lesão e a resposta terapêutica em pacientes com leishmaniose cutânea (LC) atendidos no Instituto de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Para cada caso com má resposta à terapêutica foram selecionados aleatoriamente dois controles que evoluíram com cicatrização das lesões após o tratamento, pareados por sexo e idade. Todos os pacientes realizaram tratamento com antimoniato de meglumina (Sb5+) IM, na dose de 5 mg Sb5+/kg/dia, continuamente, por 30 dias. Pacientes com LC apresentaram aproximadamente cinco vezes mais chance de falhar quando as lesões apresentavam menos de dois meses de evolução no primeiro dia de atendimento. Pacientes com falha terapêutica apresentaram reações de IDRM menos intensas que pacientes que evoluíram para a cura clínica. A cada 10 milímetros de aumento na resposta à IDRM, houve uma redução de 26% na chance de ocorrência de falha. O tratamento precoce, traduzido pelo tempo de evolução da lesão menor que dois meses no primeiro dia de atendimento, e resposta de imunidade celular deficiente, traduzida por IDRM menos intensa, demonstraram contribuir para a ocorrência de falha terapêutica na leishmaniose cutânea.

A case-control study was conducted to examine the association among the Montenegro skin test (MST), age of skin lesion and therapeutic response in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) treated at Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. For each treatment failure (case), two controls showing skin lesion healing following treatment, paired by sex and age, were randomly selected. All patients were treated with 5 mg Sb5+/kg/day of intramuscular meglumine antimoniate (Sb5+) for 30 successive days. Patients with CL were approximately five times more likely to fail when lesions were less than two months old at the first appointment. Patients with treatment failure showed less intense MST reactions than patients progressing to clinical cure. For each 10 mm of increase in MST response, there was a 26% reduction in the chance of treatment failure. An early treatment - defined as a treatment applied for skin lesions, which starts when they are less than two months old at the first appointment -, as well as a poor cellular immune response, reflected by lower reactivity in MST, were associated with treatment failure in cutaneous leishmaniasis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652014000500002 3205 downloads Citado 3 vezes em SciELO

14.

Floristic composition and structure of an upper montane cloud forest in the Serra da Mantiqueira Mountain Range of Brazil
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Pompeu, Patrícia Vieira

; Fontes, Marco Aurélio Leite

; Santos, Rubens Manoel dos

; Garcia, Paulo Oswaldo

; Batista, Talita Alves

; Carvalho, Warley Augusto Caldas

; Oliveira Filho, Ary Teixeira de

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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Set 2014, Volume 28 Nº 3 Páginas 456 - 464

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

We analyzed the community structure of an upper montane cloud forest (elevation, 1900 m) in the Serra da Mantiqueira Mountain Range, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Our objective was to determine the comparative tree species richness and floristic diversity within this forest, which is at one of the higher elevations in the range, in relation to surrounding forests that are at lower elevations, adjusting for elevational gradients. Within 15 permanent plots (40 × 10 m each), we tagged all tree individuals with a diameter at breast height > 5 cm, registering their height and diameter. To compare the study area with neighboring cloud forests, we used the Sørensen similarity coefficient and phytosociological parameters. We sampled 1250 individuals distributed among 89 species, 55 genera, and 34 families. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed no gradients related to the vegetation or soil. We found that tree species richness and diversity were high in the study area. There was structural and floristic heterogeneity among the communities evaluated, underscoring the importance of conservation of these high-elevation ecosystems, which are so unique and irreplaceable.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062014abb3239 3083 downloads

15.

Prevalence and genetic characterisation of HTLV-1 and 2 dual infections in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Central-West Brazil
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Kozlowski, Aline Garcia

; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos

; Matos, Márcia Alves Dias de

; Teles, Sheila Araújo

; Araújo Filho, João Alves

; Otsuki, Koko

; Vicente, Ana Carolina Paulo

; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Fev 2014, Volume 109 Nº 1 Páginas 118 - 121

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) may impact the clinical course of tuberculosis (TB). Both infections are highly endemic in Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 in TB patients in Central-West Brazil and to perform a genetic characterisation of the respective isolates. Of the 402 patients, six (1.49%) were positive for anti-HTLV and five (1.24%; 95% confidence interval: 0.46-3.05) were infected with HTLV-1/2. Genetic characterisation demonstrated that the four HTLV-1 isolates belonged to the Transcontinental subgroup A of the Cosmopolitan subtype a and that the HTLV-2 isolate belonged to subtype a (HTLV-2a/c). The prevalence of HTLV infection observed in this study is higher than that observed in local blood donors and the HTLV-1 and 2 subtypes identified are consistent with those circulating in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130230 2064 downloads

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