ABSTRACT Purpose The microRNAs expression has emerged as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. This study investigated the expression of miRNA-182 and miRNA-187 in prostate cancer patients and established a correlation between miRNA expression and staging of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods This prospective observational study involved patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy for suspicion of prostate cancer. Pre-biopsy urine samples and prostatic core tissue samples of the patients were preserved and the miRNA-182 and miRNA-187 were studied. Results Sixty-three patients were included in this study, thirty-three patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer and thirty patients having benign histopathology were considered as controls. The expression of miRNA-182 was significantly increased (p=0.002) and miRNA-187 significantly decreased (p <0.001) in prostate cancer tissue specimens. However, the expression of these miRNAs did not significantly differ in the urine of prostate cancer patients as compared to controls. Serum Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) inversely correlated with the median expression of miR-187 in prostatic tissue (p=0.002). Further, the expression of miRNA-187 in prostate cancer tissue was significantly decreased in metastatic prostate cancer (p=0.037). Using ROC analysis, miRNA-187 expression was able to distinguish the presence or absence of bone metastasis [area under ROC (AUROC) (±SD) was 0.873±0.061, p <0.001]. Conclusion The miRNA-182 and miRNA-187 appear to be promising biomarkers in prostate cancer and miRNA-187 can serve as an important diagnostic marker of metastatic prostate cancer.

Abstract In this article, a dumbbell shaped microstrip broadband microstrip antenna with partial ground plane is presented, The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 20 × 15 × 1.5 mm3 and is fabricated on FR4 substrate which has electrical permittivity of 4.3 and loss tangent of 0.025. FR4 is a low cost and easily available. The thickness of the substrate is 1.5 mm. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 151.11 % (3.48 GHz to 25 GHz). The peak gain and radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna are 4.5 dB and 68 % respectively in the operating frequency band. Due to introduction of rings on the edges of the octagon and cutting of circular slots with the rectangular slits in the ground plane the antenna starts resonating from 3.48 GHz to 25 GHz. Simulated results are in good agreement with the measured results. The proposed antenna covers partial frequency range for ultra-wide band applications, 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX band, 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN band, 8/12 GHz X-band, 12/18 GHz Ku -band. It can be used in space and satellite communications etc. Curves of radiation pattern and S-parameter of both simulated and measured results are shown. The impedance curves, surface current, radiation efficiency, simulated return losses, gain, and radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are described in the paper.