ABSTRACT Introduction: Hypokalemia is a frequent hydroelectrolytic disorder, associated with systemic and multifactorial diseases, whose acute form can be complicated and cause death, but in its chronic presentation it can be a marker of nephropathy. Objective: To characterize the profile of the patient with non-drug hypokalemia seen in an emergency. Methods: The records of patients older than 18 years diagnosed with hypokalemia, admitted to the hospital from June 2018 to December 2019, were reviewed. Demographic data, medical history, and post-treatment evolution were collected. It was compared with 108 patients without hypokalemia seen in the same period. Results: 87 cases with mean age of 38.5 years were studied. 90.8% were men under 50 years of age, who worked as farmers (29.9%), with history of exposure to pesticides and high ambient temperatures. Most of them had no history of previous cardiometabolic or renal disease. 48.3% of all patients with hypokalemia (n = 42) had creatinine higher than 1.2 mg/dL and 63% had hyponatremia. Hypokalemia was moderate in 39% and severe in 12%, and it was found that men were affected 4.7 times more than women. Regarding the group without hypokalemia and abnormal creatinine, they had higher frequency of chronic disease (92.5% versus 8%). Conclusions: Non-drug hypokalemia was found in male farmers, without chronic disease, but with evidence of early nephropathy and hyponatremia. The possibility of Mesoamerican nephropathy was suggested. A regional epidemiological alert and a prevention and control program should be established.

RESUMEN Introducción: La hipopotasemia es un trastorno hidroelectrolítico frecuente, asociado a enfermedades sistémicas y multifactoriales, cuya forma aguda puede complicarse y causar la muerte, pero en su presentación crónica puede ser un marcador de nefropatía. Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil del paciente con hipopotasemia no medicamentosa atendidos de emergencia. Métodos: Se revisaron los registros de pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de hipopotasemia, ingresados en el hospital en el período de junio 2018 a diciembre de 2019. Se colectaron datos demográficos, antecedentes médicos y evolución postratamiento. Se comparó con 108 pacientes sin hipopotasemia atendidos en el período de estudio. Resultados: Se encontraron 87 casos con edad media de 38,5 años. El 90,8 % eran hombres menores de 50 años, de oficio agricultor (29,9 %), con historia de exposición a plaguicidas y a altas temperaturas ambientales. La mayoría de ellos no tenía historia de enfermedad cardiometabólicas o renal previa. El 48,3 % de todos los pacientes con hipopotasemia (n = 42) tenía creatinina mayor a 1,2 mg/dL y 63 % tenía hiponatremia. La hipopotasemia fue moderada en 39 % y severa en 12 %, los hombres 4,7 veces más afectados que las mujeres. Respecto al grupo sin hipopotasemia y creatinina anormal, tenían mayor frecuencia de enfermedad crónica (92,5 % versus 8 %). Conclusiones: Se encontró hipopotasemia no medicamentosa en varones agricultores, sin enfermedad crónica, pero con datos de nefropatía temprana e hiponatremia, se sugirió la posibilidad de nefropatía mesoamericana. Debe establecerse una alerta epidemiológica regional y un programa de prevención y control.

Abstract: Diagnosing the use of the breastfeeding room in companies is a reason that encourages writing in this respect, which is currently in force in the interministerial agreement 003-2019 for the implementation of lactation centers and a lactation room in public and private companies on a mandatory basis. The diagnosis has shown the inadequacy of spaces or rooms in companies for breastfeeding, which is scarce. Women who work cannot find a room to breastfeed their newborn child, which causes discomfort. In 2018, 43.77% of the women surveyed acknowledged having had problems reconciling their work and breastfeeding. It is an applied, quali-quantitative research.

Resumen: Diagnosticar la utilización del salón de lactancia materna en empresas es motivo que impulsa a escribir al respeto, lo que actualmente se encuentra vigente el Acuerdo interministerial 003-2019 para la implementación de lactarios y salón de lactancia en empresas públicas y privadas de manera obligatoria. El diagnóstico ha evidenciado la inadecuación de espacios o salas en las empresas para lactancia materna, siendo escasa. Las mujeres que laboran no encuentran una sala para dar de amamantar a su hijo(a) recién nacido, que produce incomodidad. En el año 2018 todavía el 43,77 % de mujeres encuestadas reconocían haber tenido problemas al conciliar su trabajo y la lactancia. Es una investigación aplicada, cuali-cuantitativa.

Abstract: The conflictive situation of workers in an employment relationship with dependency prior to the contest of their wills gives rise to the obligation; reason that prompts to write about the importance of complying with the contractual obligations in question, agreed with the employer. The objective of the investigation is to discriminate contractual obligations to regulate the fulfillment of workers in a dependency relationship in private companies. The applied research method is empirical with a mixed approach using the survey as a questionnaire and technique instrument. The result is to communicate and clarify the conditions before executing the occupational activity prior to signing it. Failure to obey an obligation can lead to a subsequent disagreeing relationship that becomes the so-called individual labor conflict.

Resumen: La situación conflictiva de trabajadores en relación laboral con dependencia previo al concurso de sus voluntades da nacimiento a la obligación; motivo que impulsa a escribir sobre la importancia de cumplir con las obligaciones contractuales en cuestión, acordadas con el empleador. El objetivo de la investigación es discriminar obligaciones contractuales para regular el cumplimiento de trabajadores en relación de dependencia en empresas privadas. El método de investigación aplicado es empírico con un enfoque mixto empleando como instrumento cuestionario y técnica la encuesta. El resultado es comunicar y aclarar las condiciones antes de ejecutar la actividad ocupacional precedentemente de suscribirlo. El obviar una obligación puede ocasionar una ulterior relación en desacuerdo que se convierte en el denominado conflicto individual de trabajo.

ABSTRACT At this time humanity is going through a worldwide infectious pandemic that can be transmitted by an infected person to others through coughing, sneezing, or exhaling. This virus is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARC-Cov2), called Corona Virus Disease 2019. The symptoms are fever, dry cough, tiredness, shortness of breath or feeling of shortness of breath, chest pain or pressure, incapacity talking or moving among others. Negatively damaging life, it also affects the economic, labor, and social part. The Ministry of Labor (MRL) registers 66,400 disassociated from what is going through the pandemic, in these moments of crisis for humanity. The face-to-face workday is suspended nationally and internationally in order to protect health, prevent overcrowding and the spread of the outbreak.

RESUMEN En este tiempo la humanidad atraviesa una mundial pandemia infecciosa que puede transmitir una persona infectada a otras por medio de la tos, estornudo o al espirar. Este virus es originado por el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARC-Cov2), denominado Corona Virus Disease 2019. Los síntomas son: fiebre, tos seca, cansancio, dificultad al respirar o sensación de falta de aire, dolor o presión del pecho, incapacidad de hablar o moverse entre otros. Perjudicando negativamente a la vida, sino que también afecta a la parte económica, laboral y social. El Ministerio de Trabajo (MRL), registra 66.400 desvinculados de lo que va por la pandemia, en estos momentos de crisis para la humanidad. La jornada laboral presencial se suspende a nivel nacional e internacional con el fin de proteger la salud, prevenir el hacinamiento y la propagación del brote.

Abstract In Brazil, rabies occurs mainly within an urban cycle, in which dogs and bats are reservoirs. This paper aims to report the occurrence of rabies in Callithrix sp. in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In June 2019 a hybrid specimen was referred for diagnosis. The Direct Fluorescent Antibody, Mouse Inoculation, and Polymerase Chain Reaction tests were positive. A phylogenetic analysis was compatible with antigenic variant 3, characteristic of Desmodus rotundus. New studies should be undertaken to elucidate the real role of callitrichids in the urban rabies cycle.

ABSTRACT There are several techniques for the control and removal of invasive species that can be applied, and there is a demand among restoration practitioners for plant control methods. This study compared two methods for the control of jackfruit tree: mechanical method of trunk girdling and chemical method of herbicide injection into the trunk. It was evaluated both methods in terms of effectiveness in 10 plots (80 × 80 m). For the chemical method, triclopyr in concentrations of 2%, 6% and 8% was used. The progress of treatments was evaluated accordingly for the phytosanitary conditions. Method of trunk girdling proved to be ineffective and it had a low mortality rate (12%). The proportion of dead trees by chemical treatment was 100%. The results showed that chemical control of jackfruit trees was much faster and more effective.