Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between Lipoprotein (a) ‒ Lp(a) levels and carotid Intima-Media Thickness (cIMT) and with carotid plaques in healthy subjects because of previous contradictory data. Methods: A total of 317 healthy normolipidemic subjects (20‒77 years old) were selected. The cIMT and atherosclerotic plaques were determined by B-mode ultrasonography. Mann-Whitney tests were performed to compare the groups according to Lp(a) levels and to explore the associations between Lp(a), carotid plaques, and cIMT, logistic and linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Studied population (51% females, median age 43 years old) presented carotid plaques and cIMT ≥ 0.9 mm in 23% and 18% of the participants, respectively. The group with Lp(a) levels > 30 mg/dL presented significantly higher age and atherosclerotic plaques. Indeed, multivariate linear regression analysis showed a significant association between Lp(a), age, and race. On the other hand, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the subjects with Lp(a) > 30 mg/dL have a significantly high risk of carotid plaques. Conclusion: The data from the present study indicate that Lp(a) levels above 30 mg/dL contribute to the development of carotid plaques even in apparently healthy participants.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The present study aimed at testing a new formulation of mesalazine linked to chondroitin sulfate and its components alone in the treatment of actinic proctitis in rats. Methods: Forty-seven female Wistar rats were submitted to pelvic radiation and divided into eight groups: control A, mesalazine A, chondroitin A, and conjugate A, gavage of the according substance two weeks after irradiation and sacrifice three weeks after oral treatment; control C, mesalazine C, chondroitin C, and conjugate C, sacrifice six weeks after oral treatment. The rectum was submitted to histological characterization for each of the findings: inflammatory infiltrate, epithelial degeneration, mucosal necrosis, and fibrosis. Results: The inflammatory infiltrate was more intense in chondroitin A, mesalazine A, and conjugate C. The collagen deposition was less intense in chondroitin A, and mesalazine A, and more intense in control C. Conclusions: Mesalazine and chondroitin alone were efficacious in inducing a delayed inflammatory response, hence reducing the late fibrosis. The conjugate was able to induce an ever more delayed inflammatory response.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar quais são as condutas recomendadas para a prevenção de pré-eclâmpsia em gestantes. Fontes de Dados Foi feita uma revisão sistemática da literatura, e foram desenvolvidas estratégias detalhadas de busca individual nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane e LILACS pela Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Uma pesquisa manual também foi realizada para encontrar referências adicionais. O risco de viés, a qualidade da evidência, e a classificação da força das recomendações foram avaliadas usando a abordagem Classificação de Recomendações, Avaliação, Desenvolvimento e Análises (Gradings of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations, GRADE). Seleção dos Estudos No total, foram encontrados 351 artigos na busca inicial nas bases de dados consultadas e 2 na busca manual; após exclusões por duplicidade, 333 artigos permaneceram. Após a leitura de títulos e resumos, 315 referências foram excluídas. Portanto, 18 artigos foram mantidos para a seleção do texto completo (fase 2); esse processo levou à exclusão de 6 artigos. Após as exclusões por incompatibilidade com os critérios de inclusão, 12 artigos compuseram a amostra. Coleta de Dados Os artigos selecionados para o estudo foram analisados, e a digitação da síntese das evidências foi realizada no software online GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool (GDT) (McMaster University and Evidence Prime Inc. Todos os direitos reservados. McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontário, Canadá), o que possibilitou a elaboração de uma tabela de evidências, com a qualidade das evidências e a classificação da força das recomendações. Síntese dos Dados No total, sete estudos recomendaram o uso individual de aspirina, ou aspirina combinada com cálcio, heparina ou dipiridamol. O uso de cálcio isolado ou em combinação com fitonutrientes também foi destacado. Todos os estudos foram realizados com mulheres com alto risco de desenvolver pré-eclâmpsia. Conclusão De acordo com os estudos avaliados, a administração de aspirina ainda é a melhor conduta a ser utilizada na prática clínica para prevenir a pré-eclâmpsia.

Abstract Objective To identify the most effective procedures recommended for the prevention of preeclampsia. Data Sources A systematic review was performed in the following databases: Pubmed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and LILACS via the Virtual Health Library (VHL). A manual search was also performed to find additional references. The risk of bias, the quality of the evidence, and the classification of the strength of the recommendations were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Selection of Studies In the initial search in the databases, the total number of articles retrieved was 351, and 2 were retrieved through the manual search; after duplicate articles were removed, 333 citations remained. After a thorough review of the titles and abstracts, 315 references were excluded. Accordingly, 18 articles were maintained for selection of the complete text (phase 2). This process led to the exclusion of 6 studies. In total, 12 articles were selected for data extraction and qualitative synthesis. Data Collection The articles selected for the study were analyzed, and we inserted the synthesis of the evidence in the online software GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool (GDT) (McMaster University and Evidence Prime Inc. All right reserved. McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontário, Canada); thus, it was possible to develop a table of evidence, with the quality of the evidence and the classification of the strength of the recommendations. Data Synthesis In total, seven studies recommended the individual use of aspirin, or aspirin combined with calcium, heparin or dipyridamole. The use of calcium alone or in combination with phytonutrients was also highlighted. All of the studies were with women at a high risk of developing preeclampsia. Conclusion According to the studies evaluated, the administration of aspirin is still the best procedure to be used in the clinical practice to prevent preeclampsia.

RESUMO: O Brasil apresenta a maior população de caprinos do continente americano, com mais de nove milhões de cabeças, a caprinocultura é considerada uma atividade em ascensão e de grande importância para a economia, principalmente da região nordeste. No presente trabalho foram determinados o teor de lipídios totais e o perfil de ácidos graxos de amostras de filé e pernil de caprinos juvenil, registrados em órgãos de inspeção do Ministério da Agricultura e comercializados na cidade de Salvador (Bahia). O percentual médio de lipídios totais no filé foi de 1,68±0,04 e no pernil de 4,02±0,09, com diferenças significativas entre os cortes (p<0,05). Foram identificados nos cortes, vinte e sete ácidos graxos, sendo os majoritários os ácidospalmítico (C16:0), esteárico (C18:0) e oleico (C18:1ω9) presentes em 21,32%, 20,39%, 34,49% no filé, e 21,74%, 21,94%, 33,38% no pernil, respectivamente. Os somatórios totais de ácidos graxos saturados e poli-insaturados variaram de 42,75 a 45,23% e de 14,04 a 12,35%, entre os cortes de filé e de pernil, respectivamente. A razão entre AGPI/AGS foi de 0,35 para o filé e de 0,15 para o pernil, e a razão ω6/ω3 foi de 3,07 para o filé e de 2,27 para o pernil. Constatou-se que existe uma diferença significativa no teor de lipídios totais e da composição de ácidos graxos em cortes comerciais de filé e pernil de carne caprina.

ABSTRACT: Brazil has the largest herd of goats of the American continent, with more than 9 million head. Goat farming is considered a growing and important activity for the economy, mainly in the northeastern region of Brazil .In this research, were determined the lipid content and the composition of fillet and shank fatty acids of young goats, registered in the inspection sector of the Ministry of Agriculture and marketed in the city of Salvador (Bahia). The average percentage of total lipids in the fillet was 1.68±0.04 and in the shank of 4.02±0.09, this is a significant difference between the cuts (P<0.05). Twenty-seven (27) fatty acids were identified in the cuts, most are palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1ω9) present in 21.32%, 20.39%, 34.49% in the fillet and 21.74%, 21.94%, 33.38% in the shank, respectively. The total sums of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged of 42.75 to 45.23% and 14.04 to 12.35% between fillet and shank cuts, respectively. The ratio of PUFA/SFA was 0.35 for fillet and 0.15 for shank, and the ratio ω6/ω3 was 3.07 for fillet and 2.27 for shank. Therefore, is a significant difference in total lipid content and fatty acid composition in commercial cuts of beef fillet and shank.

Microesferas poliméricas à base de metacrilato de metila (MMA), divinilbenzeno (DVB) e material magnético foram preparadas via polimerização por suspensão. Foi estudada a influência da polimerização em suspensão ou semisuspensão, concentração de material magnético e concentração de divinilbenzeno sobre as características das microesferas obtidas. As partículas poliméricas foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), microscopia eletrônica de varredura, analisador de área específica e porosimetria, espalhamento de luz e magnetometria de amostra vibrante. O material magnético também foi caracterizado por FT-IR, além de difratometria de raios X e espectroscopia Mössbauer. Foram obtidas, com sucesso, microesferas poliméricas magnéticas à base de MMA e DVB (P(MMA-co-DVB)-M), contendo partículas magnéticas tanto na superfície quanto no interior da microesfera. As partículas obtidas através de polimerização em semisuspensão apresentaram tamanhos menores e distribuição de tamanhos de partículas mais estreita que as partículas obtidas através de suspensões convencionais. Os compósitos apresentaram um comportamento superparamagnético. As microesferas magnéticas sintetizadas neste trabalho têm potencial para serem modificadas e aplicadas como resinas de troca iônica ou suportes catalíticos.

Magnetic polymeric microspheres based on methyl methacrylate (MMA), divinylbenzene (DVB) and magnetic materials were prepared via suspension polymerization. We studied the influence of the suspension or semi-suspension polymerization, magnetic materials and divinylbenzene concentration on the characteristics of the microspheres. Polymeric particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy, accelerated surface area and porosimetry analyzer (ASAP), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The magnetic materials were also characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Magnetic polymeric microspheres based on MMA and DVB (P(MMA-co-DVB)-M), containing magnetic particles on the surface or inside the microspheres, were successfully obtained. The polymer particles obtained through semi-suspension polymerization had smaller sizes and narrower particle size distribution than particles obtained by conventional suspension. The composites showed a superparamagnetic behavior. The magnetic microspheres synthesized in this work have potential to be modified and applied as ion-exchange resins or catalyst supports.

The ecotourism is an activity in increasing expansion, for providing the leisure in contact with the nature that the urban centers are not capable to provide. This practice can be developed in protected areas, more specifically in units of conservation. The National Park Mountain range of Itabaiana is a unit of conservation that receives visitations in result from its historical, religious and cultural importance. In this context, the present work had as objective to know the environmental perception of the visitors of the PARNA Mountain range of Itabaiana. For this, a half-structuralized questionnaire was applied, being possible to trace the environmental perception of the visitors. One perceives that the visitors search only leisure and they do not perceive the ecological benefits of the area. It is suggested implementation of programs of environmental education that use techniques of interpretation of the nature to stimulate the sensitivity of the visitor to the environmental issues existing within the PARNA, as the elaboration of a visitation guide with an adequate language to the profile of the visitor.

El ecoturismo es una actividad en creciente expansión, que permite disfrutar del ocio en contacto con la naturaleza que los centros urbanos no son capaces de propiciar y que puede desarrollarse en áreas protegidas, más específicamente en unidades de conservación. El parque Nacional Sierra de Itabaiana es una unidad de conservación que recibe visitas como resultado de su importancia histórica, religiosa y cultural. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo conocer la percepción ambiental de los visitantes del PARNA Sierra de Itabaiana. Para ello, se utilizó una encuesta semiestructurada, posibilitando trazar la percepción ambiental de los visitantes con lo que quedó evidenciado que los visitantes buscan solamente el ocio y no perciben las ventajas ecológicas del área. Sugerimos la implementación de programas de educación ambiental que utilicen técnicas de interpretación de la naturaleza para estimular la sensibilidad del visitante ante las cuestiones ambientales existentes dentro del PARNA, como la elaboración de una guía de visita con un lenguaje adecuado al perfil del visitante.

This research aimed to describe individual, gynecological and sexual characteristics in women with HIV/AIDS. Thirty-four women were assessed at a reference service for cancer control in Fortaleza, Ceara-Brazil in 2008, using interviews and cervical secretion collection. Participants' ages ranged from 17 to 54 years, 67.7% had aids, 55.8% belonged to low socioeconomic level, 44.1% were married, 94.1% informed up to three sexual partners in the previous year and 52.9% reported an annual cervical cancer examination. Among the women who mentioned an earlier sexually transmitted disease, 66.6% informed the Human Papillomavirus. In the prevention exam, 9.6% presented injuries that suggested cell alterations and 5.8% low-degree intra-epithelial lesion. It was concluded that the women who were infected by HIV/aids present strong risks that contribute to the early development of cervical cancer.

La finalidad fue describir las características individuales, ginecológicas y sexuales en mujeres con VIH/SIDA. En un hospital de referencia en tratamiento y control de cáncer, en la ciudad de Fortaleza, Ceará-Brasil, se evaluó a 34 mujeres a través de entrevista y recolecta de secreción cervical, en 2008. La edad de las participantes osciló entre 17 a 54 años, 23 (67,7%) tenían sida, 19 (55,8%) eran de nivel socioeconómico bajo, 15 (44,1%) casadas, 32 (94,1%) informaron hasta tres parejas sexuales en los últimos 12 meses y 18 (52,9%) mencionaron que hacían la prueba de cáncer de cuello uterino anualmente. Entre aquellas que indicaron enfermedad sexualmente transmisible previa, el 66,6% informó el virus del Papiloma Humano. En la prueba de prevención, el 9,6% tenía lesiones sugestivas de alteraciones celulares y el 5,8% lesión intra-epitelial de bajo grado. Se concluye que las mujeres infectadas por VIH/sida poseen mayores riesgos y esto contribuye al desarrollo precoz del cáncer cervical.

Objetivou-se descrever características individuais, ginecológicas e sexuais em mulheres com HIV/Aids. Em serviço de referência para o controle de câncer em Fortaleza, Ceará-Brasil, avaliaram-se 34 mulheres mediante entrevista e coleta de secreção cervical em 2008. Das participantes a idade variou de 17 a 54 anos, 23(67,7%) apresentavam AIDS, 19(55,8%) eram de classe econômica baixa, 15(44,1%) casadas, 32(94,1%) informaram até três parceiros sexuais nos últimos 12 meses e 18(52,9%) relataram realizar exame de câncer de colo do útero anualmente. Daquelas que referiram doença sexualmente transmissível prévia, 66,6% informaram Papilomavírus Humano. Ao exame de prevenção, 9,6% apresentavam lesões sugestivas de alterações celulares e 5,8% lesão intra-epitelial de baixo grau. Conclui-se que as mulheres infectadas pelo HIV/aids detêm fortes riscos que contribuem para o desenvolvimento precoce do câncer cervical.