Resumo Fundamento A esquistossomose é uma doença tropical negligenciada que pode levar a complicações cardiovasculares. No entanto, o envolvimento cardiovascular na esquistossomose ainda precisa ser totalmente elucidado, devido ao número limitado de casos e ausência de evidência confiável, uma vez que a doença ocorre tipicamente em locais sem infraestrutura adequada para uma coleta de dados robusta. Objetivo Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo avaliar as implicações cardiovasculares da esquistossomose, incluindo no diagnóstico e tratamento, e propor um algoritmo para rastrear as manifestações cardiovasculares. Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática nos bancos de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e LILACS, com busca por artigos sobre o comprometimento cardiovascular na esquistossomose. Resultados Trinta e três artigos foram considerados para esta revisão: seis artigos de revisão, uma revisão sistemática, um ensaio clínico, 14 estudos observacionais, sete relatos de casos, e quatro séries de casos. O comprometimento cardiovascular inclui um amplo espectro de condições clínicas, tais como isquemia do miocárdio, disfunção ventricular, miocardite, hipertensão arterial pulmonar, e pericardite. Conclusões As complicações cardíacas da esquistossomose podem causar incapacidade em longo prazo e morte. O monitoramento clínico, exame físico, eletrocardiograma precoce, e ecocardiograma devem ser considerados como medidas chave para detectar o envolvimento cardiovascular. Dada a ausência de um tratamento eficaz das complicações, são necessários saneamento e educação nas áreas endêmicas para a eliminação desse problema de saúde mundial.

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis is a Neglected Tropical Disease which may lead to cardiovascular (CV) complications. However, the CV involvement in schistosomiasis has yet to be fully elucidated due to the limited number of cases and lack of reliable evidence, as schistosomiasis typically occurs in locations without adequate infrastructure for robust data collection. Objective This systematic review aims to assess cardiovascular implications of schistosomiasis, including in the diagnosis and treatment, and propose an algorithm for screening of CV manifestations. Methods A systematic review was performed in the MEDLINE/PubMed and LILACS databases of articles on the CV involvement in schistosomiasis. Results Thirty-three records were considered for this review: six review articles, one systematic review, one clinical trial, 14 observational studies, seven case reports, and four cases series. CV involvement includes a wide spectrum of clinical conditions, such as myocardial ischemia, ventricular dysfunction, myocarditis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pericarditis. Conclusions Cardiac complications of schistosomiasis may cause long-term disability and death. Clinical monitoring, physical examination, early electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram should be considered as key measures to detect CV involvement. Due to the lack of effective treatment of complications, sanitation and education in endemic areas are necessary for the elimination of this global health problem.

ABSTRACT New records of the ectoparasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) associated with Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in the provinces of Tucumán, Río Negro and Neuquén are cited. Detections occurred in blueberry, raspberry and cherry crops. The records from Río Negro and Neuquén constitute the southernmost report of the species. Diagnosis and prevalence of the parasitoid are briefly discussed.

RESUMEN Se citan nuevos registros del ectoparasitoide Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) asociado a Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) en las provincias de Tucumán, Río Negro y Neuquén. Las detecciones ocurrieron en cultivos de arándano, frambuesa y cereza. Los registros de Río Negro y Neuquén constituyen el reporte más austral de la especie. Se comentan brevemente la diagnosis y la prevalencia del parasitoide.

ABSTRACT The environmental questions are linked to the emergency of epidemics. The crisis that world faces today has had its origin in the constant environmental interferences, what has been reflected in the concerns manifested by the United Nations Organization in each celebration of the Environment World Day. The degraded ecosystems cannot offer ecological services that guarantee well-being and health; this way, a crisis takes to another. In this work it is exposed how men are exposed to more than a million of unknown pathogens microorganisms that could cross the barrier of the species when breaking the natural balance that protects him of multiple risks, such is the case of the SARS-CoV-2 new virus; this comes on top of the threat of the climatic change that is an instigator of many risks. Health problems will always be subject to the interaction of each civilization with their environment, what depends, in essence, of the character in man-nature relationship.

RESUMEN Las cuestiones ambientales están ligadas a la emergencia de epidemias. La crisis que enfrenta hoy el mundo ha tenido su origen en las constantes perturbaciones ambientales, lo que se ha reflejado en las preocupaciones manifestadas por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas en cada celebración del Día Mundial del Medio Ambiente. Los ecosistemas degradados no pueden ofrecer servicios ecológicos que garanticen bienestar y salud; así, una crisis lleva a otra. En este artículo se expone cómo al romperse el equilibrio natural que protege al hombre de múltiples riesgos, este queda expuesto a más de un millón de microorganismos patógenos desconocidos que podrían cruzar la barrera de las especies, tal es el caso del nuevo virus SARS-CoV-2; a ello se suma la amenaza del cambio climático, que es un impulsor de muchos riesgos. Los problemas sanitarios estarán siempre sujetos a la interacción de cada civilización con su entorno, lo que depende, en esencia, del carácter de la relación hombre-naturaleza.

Abstract In this work the geohydrodynamic behavior of the Campo Durazno aquifer in its first geohydrological unit was analyzed, utilizing a model that explains its interconnection with the environment. The methodology applied was based on 36 sources of supply, of which hydraulic, geohydrological, and environmental aspects were monitored. Different field and laboratory tests were carried out to determine the chemical and hydraulic parameters that are the basis of the model. Employing the proposed model the direction of the underground flow was determined; the hydrological balance indicated a null surface recharge, which allowed corroborating that the unit under study is in a hydraulic and geohydrological equilibrium. As water, physical-chemical parameters were determined in the three zones (recharge, transition, and discharge), with the transition and discharge zones being the highest in Na+ and SO4 - concentrations according to national and international regulations for potable water consumption; its presence is probably due to industrial pollution sources located in the area. The geohydrodynamics of the shallow hydrogeological unit makes it possible to conclude that it is necessary to implement a short-term environmental management plan for the sustainable conservation of the aquifer.

Resumen En este trabajo se analizó el comportamiento geohidrodinámico del acuífero Campo Durazno en su primera unidad geohidrológica, por medio de un modelo que explica su interconexión con el entorno. La metodología que se aplicó fue con base en 36 fuentes de abastecimiento, de los cuales se monitorearon aspectos hidráulicos, geohidrológicos y ambientales. Se realizaron diferentes pruebas en campo y en laboratorio para la determinación de los parámetros químicos e hidráulicos que son la base del modelo. Por medio del modelo propuesto se determinó la dirección del flujo subterráneo; el balance hidrológico indicó una recarga superficial nula, lo que permitió corroborar que la unidad en estudio está en equilibrio en forma hidráulica y geohidrológica. En calidad del agua, se determinaron parámetros físico-químicos en las tres zonas (recarga, transición y descarga), siendo las zonas de transición y descarga las más elevadas en concentraciones de Na+ y SO4 - según la normativa nacional e internacional para consumo de agua potable; su presencia se debe probablemente a fuentes de contaminación industrial localizadas en la zona. La geohidrodinámica de la unidad hidrogeológica somera permite concluir que es necesario implementar un plan de gestión ambiental a corto plazo para la conservación sostenible del acuífero.

Materials based on tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) immobilized on NH4ZSM5 zeolite were prepared by wet impregnation of the zeolite matrix with TPA aqueous solutions. Their concentration was varied in order to obtain TPA contents of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% w/w in the solid. The materials were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, XRD, FT-IR, 31P MAS-NMR, TGA-DSC, DRS-UV-Vis, and the acidic behavior was studied by potentiometric titration with n-butylamine. The BET surface area (SBET) decreased when the TPA content was raised as a result of zeolite pore blocking. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the solids modified with TPA only presented the characteristic peaks of NH4ZSM5 zeolites, and an additional set of peaks assigned to the presence of (NH4)3PW12O40. According to the Fourier transform infrared and 31P magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, the main species present in the samples was the [PW12O40]3- anion, which was partially transformed into the [P2W21O71]6- anion during the synthesis and drying steps. The thermal stability of the NH4ZSM5TPA materials was similar to that of their parent zeolites. Moreover, the samples with the highest TPA content exhibited band gap energy values similar to those reported for TiO2. The immobilization of TPA on NH4ZSM5 zeolite allowed the obtention of catalysts with high photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methyl orange dye (MO) in water, at 25 ºC. These can be reused at least three times without any significant decrease in degree of degradation.

Se sintetizo carbón activado a partir de cáscara de semillas de eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus Labil), por el método de activación química empleando como agente activante ácido fosfórico, a dos diferentes concentraciones; 30 y 80 % v/v. Los carbones se caracterizaron texturalmente mediante fisisorción de N2, se determinó la superficie específica aparente por el método B.E.T., donde se obtuvieron valores de 2009 y 1027 m2 g-1, se utilizó la ecuación Dubinin-Radushkevich para obtener el volumen de microporo donde se reportan valores de 0.65 y 0.32 cm3 g-1. Se determinó mediante el método Bohem que los carbones son de carácter ácido, aspecto corroborado por la determinación del pH en el punto de carga cero. Se establecieron interacciones energéticas de los sólidos frente a soluciones de HCl y NaOH mediante calorimetría de inmersión, encontrando gran correlación con el contenido de grupos ácidos y básicos de los sólidos. Finalmente se evaluó la capacidad de adsorción de los sólidos con fenol desde solución acuosa, ya que este es un contaminante prioritario, donde se evidenció gran capacidad de adsorción de los dos carbones debido a las amplias áreas superficiales, volúmenes de microporo y la química superficial de los sólidos

Activated carbons were prepared from shell Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labil) by chemical activation using as activating agent solutions of phosphoric acid, at two different concentrations; 30 and 80% v/v. Carbons were texturally characterized by N2 physisorption, the apparent surface area was determined by B.E.T., method, values obtained were 2009 and 1027 m2 g-1. Dubinin-Radushkevich equation was used to obtain the micropore volume with values of 0.65 and 0.32 cm3 g-1. Boehm method established that the carbons are acidic aspect confirmed by determining the point of zero charge. Solid energetic interactions against HCl and NaOH solutions were established by immersion calorimetry finding great correlation with the content of acidic and basic groups of the solids. Finally, the adsorption capacity of the solid was evaluated with phenol from aqueous solution since this is a priority pollutant, where high adsorption capacity of the two carbons was evident due to the large surface area, micropore volume and surface chemistry of solids

This study aims to improve the knowledge of aquatic Coleoptera biodiversity in northeastern Argentina. The sampling sites correspond to two permanent ponds located in the department Capital of Corrientes Province, Argentina. The samples were collected between October 2010 and March 2011. A total of 107 species of beetles, including 40 genera and 8 families were recorded: Haliplidae, Dytiscidae, Noteridae, Dryopidae, Hydrochidae, Hydrophilidae, Limnichidae and Scirtidae. Berosus hamatus Knisch is a new record for Argentina. Two families (Haliplidae and Dryopidae), four genera (Haliplus Latreille; Pelonomus Erichson, Onopelmus Spangler, Phaenonotum Sharp) and 14 species are cited for the first time for Corrientes Province.

El objetivo de este estudio es contribuir al conocimiento de la biodiversidad de coleópteros acuáticos del NE argentino. Los sitios de muestreo corresponden a dos lagunas permanentes ubicadas en el departamento Capital de la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina. Los muestreos fueron realizados desde octubre de 2010 a marzo de 2011. En total, 107 especies de coleópteros, incluidas en 40 géneros y ocho familias fueron registradas: Haliplidae, Dytiscidae, Noteridae, Dryopidae, Hydrochidae, Hydrophilidae, Limnichidae y Scirtidae. La especie Berosus hamatus Knisch es un nuevo registro para la Argentina. Dos familias (Haliplidae y Dryopidae), cuatro géneros (Haliplus Latreille; Pelonomus Erichson, Onopelmus Spangler, Phaenonotum Sharp) y 14 especies son citados por primera vez para la provincia de Corrientes.

Aleiodes laphygmae (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), is reported for the first time for Argentina. It is also reported parasitizing larvae of Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybeans crops in Tucumán province (Argentina). Biological information on habits, hosts and distribution is provided.

Se reporta por primera vez para Argentina Aleiodes laphygmae (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) y como parasitoide de larvas de Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), en plantaciones de soja en la provincia de Tucumán (Argentina). Se provee información biológica como hábitos, hospedadores y distribución.

Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Objective: To report our 18-years experience in pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Material and Methods: Forty one patients were analyzed between November/1992 and August/2010. Inclusion criteria: mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAPm) >30 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) >300 dinas/sec.cm-5. Pulmonary angiography determined the surgical feasibility. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and to compare the 2 groups log rank test. Results: Forty four percent of the patients were classified in class IV. The hemodynamic changes after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy were significant (p < 0.001). PAPm 53 ± 2 vs. 29 ± 2 mm Hg, PVR 857 ± 65 vs. 245 ± 25 dinas/sec. cm-5 and CI 2.3 ± 0.1 vs. 3 ± 0.1. In-hospital mortality was 15%; in classes II - III was 4%, and in class IV 33% (p = 0.01). Late mortality was 12%. Ninety three percent of the patients improved their functional class. Overall survival at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years was 85%, 82%, 75% and 71% respectively. Survival according to functional class showed significant differences (p = 0.02). Conclusion: In our experience pulmonary thromboendarterectomy showed benefits even in this high risk population.

La tromboendarterectomía pulmonar es la terapéutica de elección para pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica. Objetivos: Reportar la experiencia en tromboendarterectomía pulmonar a 18 años de seguimiento. Material y Métodos: Se analizaron retrospectivamente 41 pacientes entre Noviembre 1992 y Agosto 2010. Criterios de inclusión: presión arterial pulmonar media >30 mmHg y resistencia vascular pulmonar (RVP) >300 dinas/sg. cm-5. La angiografía pulmonar determinó la factibilidad quirúrgica. La supervivencia se calculó utilizando el método de Kaplan-Meier y para comparar 2 grupos log-rank test. Resultados: El 44% de los pacientes estaban en clase funcional IV. Los cambios hemodinámicos posteriores a la tromboendarterectomía fueron significativos p <0.001. La PAPm 53 ± 2 a 29 ± 2 mmHg, la RVP 857 ± 65 a 245 ± 25 dinas/sg. cm-5 y el IC 2,3 ± 0,1 a 3 ± 0,1. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue 15%, en CF II-III 4% y en CF IV 33% (p=0.01). La mortalidad alejada fue 11%. El 93% de los pacientes mejoró su clase funcional. La supervivencia global a 1, 2, 5, 10 años fue del 85%, 82%, 75% y 71% respectivamente. La supervivencia por clase funcional mostró diferencias significativas (p=0.02). Conclusión: En nuestra experiencia la tromboendarterectomía pulmonar mostró beneficios en esta población de alto riesgo.

As parasitoses intestinais afetam principalmente as crianças. O objetivo do trabalho é conhecer a situação atual numa população pediátrica de diferentes zonas da cidade de Rosario, Santa Fe (Argentina) e comparar a prevalência parasitária com estudos similares realizados nos períodos, 1983-1984 / 1990-1991 / 1992-1993 / 2007-2008. Foram coletadas amostras de matéria fecal por evacuação espontânea de 112 pacientes, 51 meninas e 61 meninos, com idades compreendidas entre 4 meses e 16 anos, provenientes de 10 centros de atenção primária da saúde, (Secretaria de Saúde Pública-Prefeitura de Rosario). As amostras foram submetidas a exame macroscópico e microscópico direto e a métodos de concentração. No período 2007-2008 os parasitas mais encontrados foram Blastocystis hominis, Giardia lamblia e Ascaris lumbricoides. A prevalência parasitária diminuiu de 50 a 41%. Blastocystis hominis aumentou através do tempo; Giardia lamblia manteve valores constantes nas 4 etapas; Entamoeba coli diminuiu nos últimos 14 anos e Ascaris lumbricoides aumentou significativamente com relação ao período 1983-1984. Diminuíram os indivíduos poliparasitados e aumentaram os monoparasitados com relação a anos anteriores. A diminuição das enteroparasitoses poderia dar-se devido a políticas de saneamento ambiental, campanhas de prevenção e desparasitação realizadas desde os diversos centros de saúde municipal.

Faeces from 112 children patients (51 girls and 61 boys) ranging from 4 months old to 16 years old were studied. These patients were assisted in ten Public Health Care Centres in Rosario. The aim of this work was: to determine the incidence of enteric parasites in children, and to evaluate and compare parasite prevalence in the following periods: 1983/1984, 1990/1991, 1992/1993 and 2007/2008. Forty-one per cent of the samples showed protozoa and helmints. A decrease in the percentage of polyparasitized patients and an increase in the monoparasitized ones was observed when compared to previous years. Blastocystis hominis was found to increase in 2007/2008 while Giardia lamblia remained unaltered in the four periods studied. The occurrence of Entamoeba coli was found to decrease in the 1992/1993 period while Ascaris lumbricoides increased with time. These were the most common parasites found in the population studied. Enteric parasites decreased in children. The occurrence of parasites could be due to different socio-environmental factors: malnutrition, climate changes, and an increase both in temperature and humidity. However, a decrease in the levels of parasitosis was observed, which could be due to public health environmental policies, prevention campaigns and deparasitization from the different health care centres of the city.

Las parasitosis intestinales afectan principalmente a los niños. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la situación actual en una población pediátrica de diferentes zonas de la ciudad de Rosario, Santa Fe (Argentina) y comparar la prevalencia parasitaria con estudios similares realizados en los períodos 1983/1984, 1990/1991, 1992/1993 y 2007/2008. Se recolectaron muestras de materia fecal por deposición espontánea de 112 pacientes, 51 niñas y 61 niños, con edades comprendidas entre 4 meses y 16 años, provenientes de 10 Centros de Atención Primaria de la Salud (Secretaría de Salud Pública - Municipalidad de Rosario). Las muestras fueron sometidas a examen macroscópico y microscópico directo y a métodos de concentración. En el período 2007/2008 los parásitos más hallados fueron Blastocystis hominis, Giardia lamblia y Ascaris lumbricoides. La prevalencia parasitaria disminuyó del 50% al 41%. Blastocystis hominis aumentó a través del tiempo; Giardia lamblia mantuvo valores constantes en las cuatro etapas; Entamoeba coli disminuyó en los últimos 14 años y Ascaris lumbricoides aumentó significativamente en relación con el período 1983/1984. Disminuyeron los individuos poliparasitados y aumentaron los monoparasitados con respecto a años anteriores. La disminución de las enteroparasitosis podría deberse a políticas de saneamiento ambiental, campañas de prevención y desparasitación realizadas desde los distintos efectores de salud municipales.