Resumen El objetivo fue determinar la DL50 y RC50 e inducir variación morfológica en la variedad de jamaica UAN-8 mediante rayos gamma para seleccionar plantas mutantes de interés agronómico en la generación M2. Las dosis de radiación utilizadas fueron: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 y 1 000 Gy. Los experimentos se realizaron bajo condiciones de invernadero y campo en Río Grande, Villa de Tututepec, Oaxaca, durante el año 2018. Se utilizó el diseño experimental bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. En M1, se evaluó la emergencia de plántula, supervivencia, altura y porcentaje de plantas con semilla. En M2, se registró la variación morfológica y se seleccionaron plantas mutantes. Los datos de supervivencia y altura de planta se analizaron mediante una regresión no lineal para determinar la dosis letal y reductiva media (DL50 y RC50). La DL50 y RC50 se encontró a 395.48 y 453.2 Gy, respectivamente. Las semillas M2 de dicha variedad produjeron plantas con variabilidad morfológica en dosis desde 100 hasta 300 Gy. De estas plantas fue posible identificar seis genotipos mutantes promisorios. El genotipo identificado como S7 L13 presentó características morfológicas deseables como mayor número de cálices rojo por planta y pubescencia ausente o muy débil, comparado con las plantas del genotipo parental.

Abstract The objective was to determine the LD50 and RC50 and induce morphological variation in the roselle variety UAN-8 by gamma rays to select mutant plants of agronomic interest in the M2 generation. The radiation doses used were: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1 000 Gy. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse and field conditions in Río Grande, Villa de Tututepec, Oaxaca, in 2018. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four repetitions. In M1, seedling emergence, survival, height and percentage of plants were evaluated. In M2, morphological variation was recorded, and mutant plants were selected. Plant survival and height data were analyzed using nonlinear regression to determine the median lethal and reductive doses (LD50 and RC50). The LD50 and RC50 were found at 395.48 and 453.2 Gy, respectively. The M2 seeds of this variety produced plants with morphological variability in doses from 100 to 300 Gy. From these plants, it was possible to identify six promising mutant genotypes. The genotype identified as S7 L13 presented desirable morphological characteristics such as a higher number of red calyces per plant and absent or very weak pubescence, compared to the plants of the parental genotype.

Resumen Antecedentes: los pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) presentan un aumento del estrés oxidativo, caracterizado por la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno y una deficiencia concomitante de antioxidantes. Existen múltiples mecanismos de defensa que incluyen eliminadores enzimáticos y moléculas no enzimáticas (glutatión y vitaminas A, C, D, E y zinc). Métodos: En este estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo, el objetivo fue describir el comportamiento clínico de los pacientes hospitalizados por CO VID-19 (aquellos tratados con una intervención nutricional estandarizada versus aquellos que recibieron el tratamiento estándar COVID-19 disponible en el tiempo). Un total de 214 historias clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 que requirieron intervención nutricional. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de variables continuas y categóricas. Se realizó una prueba de ANOVA para las variables numéricas. Un modelo de regresión logística y un emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión determinaron las diferencias entre los grupos emparejados. Resultados: el 33,6% de los pacientes ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), el 28,5% requirió ventilación mecánica invasiva y la mortalidad global fue del 19,6%.44 · 8% de los pacientes recibieron la intervención nutricional estandarizada. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de intervención, excepto por el tiempo de intervención, en el que la intervención nutricional estandarizada (días) se identificó como factor protector OR = 0 · 550 (p <0 · 05; IC = 0 · 324-0 · 936). Conclusiones: Este es el primer estudio en Colombia que considera una intervención nutricional estandarizada en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. A pesar de no poder alcanzar los objetivos primarios, se deben realizar experimentos controlados para determinar el papel y los posibles efectos terapéuticos de los micro y macronutrientes en pacientes con COVID-19

Summary Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present an increase in oxidative stress, characterized by the production of reactive oxygen species and a concomitant deficiency of antioxidants. There are multiple defense mechanisms including enzymatic scavengers and non-enzymatic molecules (glutathione and vitamins A, C, D, E, and zinc). Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study, we aimed to describe the clinical behavior of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 (those trea ted with a standardized nutritional intervention versus those who received the COVID-19 standard treatment available at the time). A total of 214 medical records of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 who required nutritional intervention were analyzed. Descriptive analyses of continuous and categorical variables were performed, and an ANOVA test was performed for numerical variables. A logistic regression model and a propensity score matching determined the differences between the matched groups. Findings: 33·6% of the patients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 28·5% required invasive mechanical ventilation, and the overall mortality was 19·6%. 44·8% of the patients received the standardized nutritional intervention. There were no statistically significant differences between intervention groups, except for the intervention time, in which the standardized nutritional intervention (days) was identified as a protective factor OR=0·550 (p <0·05; CI=0·324-0·936). Conclusions: This is the first study in Colombia to consider a standardized nutritional intervention in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Despite not being able to meet the primary objectives, controlled experiments must be carried out to determine the role and possible therapeutic effects of micro and macronutrients in patients with COVID-19.

■ RESUMO Introdução: A pandemia de COVID-19 se espalhou rapidamente pelo mundo trazendo a necessidade de ações emergenciais para o controle da doença em nível coletivo e individual. Assim, a Divisão de Cirurgia Plástica e Queimaduras do maior complexo hospitalar da América Latina foi fisicamente destinada aos infectados. Neste contexto, encontramos os desafios de tratar um paciente grande queimado e politraumatizado, que apresentou trombose arterial em membro inferior, uma rara complicação associada à queimadura térmica. Todo tratamento foi realizado em hospital não especializado ao atendimento de trauma. Relato de Caso: Paciente masculino, 18 anos, sem comorbidades, com queimaduras predominantemente de 3º grau de 50% de superfície corpórea queimada e neurotrauma grave, que apresentou trombose arterial em perna direita 24 horas após a queimadura. Paciente submetido à amputação do membro e a seriadas intervenções cirúrgicas para desbridamento e enxertia de pele. Apesar dos protocolos de prevenção, paciente foi infectado pela COVID-19 durante a internação. Conclusão: Este caso enfoca uma complicação rara relacionada à lesão por queimadura, que ainda não possui critérios de diagnóstico e medidas profiláticas definidas. Além disso, a pandemia de COVID-19 trouxe impactos em diversos âmbitos nos serviços de saúde, sendo fundamental o compartilhamento de conhecimentos durante esta pandemia pela busca de adaptações à situação de crise.

■ ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic spread rapidly worldwide, bringing the need for emergency actions to control the disease at the collective and individual level. Thus, the Division of Plastic Surgery and Burns of the largest hospital complex in Latin America was physically aimed at the infected. In this context, we find the challenges of treating a large burned and polytraumatized patient, who presented arterial thrombosis in the lower limb, a rare complication associated with the thermal burn. All treatment was performed in a hospital not specialized in trauma care. Case Report: Case Report: Male patient, 18 years old, without comorbidities, with predominantly third-degree burns of 50% of body surface burned and severe neurotrauma. He presented arterial thrombosis in his right leg 24 hours after the burn. The patient underwent limb amputation and serial surgical interventions for debridement and skin grafting. Despite the prevention protocols, the patient was infected by COVID-19 during hospitalization. Conclusion: This case focuses on a rare complication related to burn injury, which does not yet have diagnostic criteria and defined prophylactic measures. Besides, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted various health services areas, and it is essential to share knowledge during this pandemic by seeking adaptations to the crisis situation.

Abstract Introduction The Covid-19 pandemic has had an important impact on colorectal cancer surgery, for hospital resources had to be redistributed in favour of Covid-19 patients. The aim of the present study is to analyze our results in colorectal oncologic surgery during the Covid-19 pandemic in patients with and without perioperative SARSCoV- 2 infection. Methods In total, 32 patients (19 male and 13 female patients), with a mean age of 64 years (range: 57.2 to 69.5 years) with colorectal cancer underwent surgery under the recommendations of surgical societies included in a protocol. Data collection included clinical characteristics (gender, age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, tumor location, preoperative staging, lymphopenia), data related to SARS-CoV-2 infection (postoperative symptoms, diagnostic tests), operative details (surgical procedure, approach, duration, stoma), pathological outcomes (tumor stage, number of lymph nodes harvested, distal and circumferential radial margins, quality of the total mesorectal excision), and surgical outcomes (morbidity, mortality, hospital stay, and the rates of reoperation and readmission). Results A total of 3 (9.4%) patients who underwent colorectal surgery during the Covid-19 pandemic were infected by SARS-CoV-2 in the postoperative period. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with Covid-19 (6.2% versus 33.3%; p=0.042), and surgical morbidity was higher among Covid-19 patients (100% versus 37.9%; p=0.039). There were not significant differences between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients in relation to the rest of the analyzed outcomes. Conclusion During the Covid-19 pandemic, colorectal cancer surgery should be performed according to the recommendations of surgical societies. However, Covid- 19 patients could present a higher morbidity rate.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association between working conditions and access to personal protective equipment (PPE) in health personnel in the city of Lima-Perú. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study. The sample was of 271 respondents virtually in the city of Lima, who met the selection criteria, captured between 07/09/2020 to 08/09/2020. The data collection instrument was validated by expert judgment with a score> 80% (content validity). An analysis was carried out with the generalized linear model of the Poisson family, log link function, robust models with fit. A statistically significant value of p <0.05 was considered. Results: The 55% of health personnel (HCP) worked more than 12 hours and only 53% received one PPE per day of work. 40% of the HCP almost never received a mask. In the multivariate analysis, the SP with ages <26 years (p=0.00) and from 26 to 55 years (p=0.00) received an incomplete PPE. The HCPs who did not have an employment relationship with the institution (p=0.02) received a mask on few occasions. Conclusion: Health personnel under the age of 56 rarely received PPE. When they work without an employment relationship, they sometimes receive a mask.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre las condiciones laborales y el acceso al equipo de protección personal (EPP) en el personal de salud de la ciudad de Lima-Perú. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico. La muestra fue de 271 encuestados virtualmente en la ciudad de Lima, que cumplieron los criterios de selección, captados entre el 09/07/2020 al 09/08/2020. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue validado por juicio de expertos con un puntaje >80% (validez de contenido). Se realizó un análisis con el modelo lineal generalizado de familia Poisson, función de enlace log, modelos robustos con ajuste. Se consideró un valor estadísticamente significativo de p<0,05. Resultados: El 55% del personal de salud (PS) trabajaron más de 12 horas y solo el 53% recibieron un EPP por día de trabajo. El 40% del PS casi nunca recibió una mascarilla. En el análisis multivariado el PS con edades <26 años (p=0,00) y de 26 a 55 años (p=0,00) recibieron un EPP incompleto. Los PS que no tenían un vínculo laboral con la institución (p=0,02) recibieron una mascarilla en pocas oportunidades. Conclusión: : El personal de la salud menores de 56 años recibieron con poca frecuencia un EPP. Cuando trabajan sin un vínculo laboral reciben algunas veces una mascarilla.

ABSTRACT Mendoza's foothills (32° 50'S) are located in the Andean active orogenic front where the largest Quaternary deformation of the country is concentrated. Particularly, this region presents unique conditions for neotectonic studies of intraplate seismicity. This region is located within the Pampean Flat Slab segment and associated with the subduction of the Juan Fernández Ridge, which causes the absence of volcanism in this segment. Furthermore, tectonically, this sector reflects a change in the deformation style where the morphostructural unit of the Southern Precordillera disappears at this latitude. This active front involves N-S reverse faults affecting Late Pleistocene alluvial surfaces. According to morphometric parameters of these faults, the maximum magnitudes of the possible earthquakes were estimated. Different morphometric indices allow establishing the greatest deformation areas that were validated with complementary indirect methods of interferometry by means of radar images (DINSAR technique). This work summarizes all the studies carried out up to date to understand the active deformation style of the Mendozan foothills.

RESUMEN El piedemonte mendocino (32° 50'S) se localiza en el frente orogénico activo de los Andes, donde se concentra la mayor deformación cuaternaria del país. En particular, esta región presenta condiciones únicas para los estudios neotectónicos de sismicidad de intraplaca. Esta región se ubica dentro del segmento de Flat Slab pampeano y se asocia a la subducción de la Dorsal de Juan Fernández lo que originan la ausencia de vulcanismo en este segmento. Además, tectónicamente, este sector refleja un cambio en el estilo de deformación donde aflora en particular la unidad morfoestructural de la Precordillera Sur que culmina a esta latitud. En este segmento, el frente orogénico activo se asocia a fallas inversas N-S que afectan niveles aluviales pleistocenos tardíos. En función de sus parámetros morfométricos, se han estimado las magnitudes máximas de los sismos posibles y diferentes índices morfométricos que han permitido establecer los sectores de mayor deformación validados con métodos indirectos complementarios de interferometría mediante imágenes radar (técnica DINSAR). Este trabajo resume todos los estudios realizados hasta el momento para comprender el estilo de deformación activa cuaternaria que presenta el piedemonte mendocino.

Introduction: brainstem tumors represents about 10 to 25% of the tumors of the nervous system in the child and 20% to 25% of infratentorial tumors. Objective: to describe the clinical-imaging findings in patients with brain stem tumors. Method: a retrospective study was done in children with the diagnosis of brainsteam tumor from the Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja Pediatric Teaching Hospital; Cuba from January 2004 to December 2016. Results: there was a predominance of females in the age group between 0 - 5 years forl 58.3%. The commonest symptoms occurring at any time were headache (25%) and the patsy of cranial nervous was the neurological signs present at diagnosis. The median symptom interval was two months between onset of symptoms and diagnosis in 81.2% of patients. The diffuse location of the tumor in the brainstem predominated over the focal distribution in 66.6% with epicenter in the encephalic bridge. The therapeutic option of choice was based on radiotherapy, chemotherapy and monoclonal therapy Hr3 in all diffuse brain stem tumors Conclusion: magnetic resonance examination is the most suitable imaging technique in the brainsteam` tumors study.

Introducción: los tumores del tronco cerebral suponen el 10-25% de los tumores del sistema nervioso en el niño y del 20% al 25% de los tumores infratentoriales. Objetivo: caracterizar los hallazgos clínicos-imagenológicos en pacientes con tumores del tallo encefálico. Método: se realizó un estudio de serie de casos en niños con el diagnóstico de tumor de tallo encefálico en el Hospital Pediátrico Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja de la ciudad de Holguín, en un período de 12 años comprendidos entre enero 2004 a diciembre de 2016. La muestra se conformó por los 12 pacientes diagnosticados con la enfermedad. Resultados: existió un predominio del sexo femenino en el grupo etario de 0 - 5 años para el 58,3%. La cefalea constituyó el síntoma predominante y al examen físico la parálisis de pares craneales fue el hallazgo predominante. Existió un laxo de tiempo de dos meses aproximadamente entre el inicio de la enfermedad y el diagnóstico médico en el 81,2% de los pacientes. La localización difusa del tumor en el tallo encefálico predominó sobre la distribución focal en el 66,6% con epicentro en el puente encefálico. La opción terapéutica de elección estuvo basada en la radioterapia, quimioterapia y terapia monoclonal Hr3 en la totalidad de los tumores difusos de tallo encefálico. Conclusiones: la resonancia magnética constituye la técnica imagenológica de elección para clasificar los pacientes con tumores de tallo en focales o difusos.

The present work aims at designing the purification process of protein MY32/Ls to obtain the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) against sea lice, marine pathogen that significantly affects the salmon industry in South America and Europe. A compact purification process was designed, based on the analysis of alternatives to establish the steps of rupture, chromatography and renaturation. Due to technical-economic advantages, a chemical rupture process was established using 8 mol/L urea for 1 hour, which was 20 % cheaper than mechanical rupture with glass beads. For washing and elution of the protein in the chromatographic step, pH and imidazole were evaluated. Imidazole was selected for the technical-economic advantages it offered; the costs of the selected variant were 12.33 % lower than washing and elution by pH. In scaling the chromatographic step, an economic variant was assessed with modifications of the urea concentration in washing and elution, lowering the costs of the step 3.4 %, which was moreover attractive for its impact on reducing volumes to be handled in the renaturation step. Tween 80 was selected in the renaturing step, which allowed obtaining the protein in solution. The obtained API induced higher antibody titers in C57Bl/6 mice than the laboratory standard used (three times more on average). The API specifications satisfy the requirements for the formulation of the new vaccine against sea lice.

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo el diseño de un proceso de purificación de la proteína MY32/Ls para obtener el Ingrediente Farmacéutico Activo (IFA) contra el piojo de mar, patógeno marino que afecta considerablemente la industria salmonera de Suramérica y Europa. El proceso se diseñó compacto, basado en el análisis de alternativas para establecer las etapas de ruptura, cromatografía y renaturalización. Por sus ventajas técnico-económicas previstas, se estableció un proceso de ruptura química con urea 8 mol/L durante 1 hora, con un 20 % de ahorro respecto a la ruptura mecánica con perlas de vidrio. Para el lavado y la elución de la proteína se evaluó el pH y el imidazol en la etapa cromatográfica. Se escogió el imidazol por las ventajas técnico-económicas brindadas, con costos de la variante seleccionada inferiores en un 12.33 % a los del lavado y elución por cambios de pH. En el escalado de la etapa cromatográfica se evaluó una variante económica con modificaciones en la concentración de urea en el lavado y elución, con costos reducidos en un 3.4 %, más atractiva por el manejo de volúmenes menores en la etapa de renaturalización. En esta última se seleccionó el Tween 80, lo cual posibilitó obtener la proteína en solución. El IFA obtenido indujo títulos de anticuerpos IgG en ratones C5Bl/6 mayores que los del patrón a escala de laboratorio, tres veces como promedio. Las especificaciones del IFA obtenido satisfacen los requerimientos para la formulación de una nueva vacuna contra el piojo de mar.

Since the beginning of mankind, man has sought ways to promote and preserve health as well as to prevent disease. Hydration, physical activity and exercise are key factors for enhancing human health. However, either a little dose of them or an excess can be harmful for health maintenance at any age. Water is an essential nutrient for human body and a major key to survival has been to prevent dehydration. However, there is still a general controversy regarding the necessary amount to drink water or other beverages to properly get an adequate level of hydration. In addition, up to now the tools used to measure hydration are controversial. To this end, there are several important groups of variables to take into account such as water balance, hydration biomarkers and total body water. A combination of methods will be the most preferred tool to find out any risk or situation of dehydration at any age range. On the other hand, physical activity and exercise are being demonstrated to promote health, avoiding or reducing health problems, vascular and inflammatory diseases and helping weight management. Therefore, physical activity is also being used as a pill within a therapy to promote health and reduce risk diseases, but as in the case of drugs, dose, intensity, frequency, duration and precautions have to be evaluated and taken into account in order to get the maximum effectiveness and success of a treatment. On the other hand, sedentariness is the opposite concept to physical activity that has been recently recognized as an important factor of lifestyle involved in the obesogenic environment and consequently in the risk of the non-communicable diseases. In view of the literature consulted and taking into account the expertise of the authors, in this review a Decalogue of global recommendations is included to achieve an adequate hydration and physical activity status to avoid overweight/obesity consequences.

Desde los comienzos del género humano, el hombre ha buscado el modo de promover y preservar la salud, así como prevenir la enfermedad. La hidratación, la actividad física y el ejercicio son factores clave para mejorar la salud. Sin embargo, estos factores en dosis excesivamente bajas o en exceso pueden ser perjudiciales para el mantenimiento de la salud a cualquier edad. El agua es un nutriente esencial para el organismo y un factor clave para la supervivencia y la prevención de la deshidratación. Sin embargo, hay todavía una controversia general en cuanto a la cantidad necesaria de ingesta de agua u otros líquidos con objeto de conseguir un nivel adecuado de hidratación. Además, hasta la fecha no hay consenso sobre las herramientas a utilizar para medir la hidratación. Con este fin, hay varios grupos importantes de variables a tener en cuenta, como el equilibrio de agua, biomarcadores de hidratación y el agua total corporal. Se prefiere en general una combinación de métodos para evaluar riesgo de situaciones de deshidratación en cualquier franja etaria. Por otro lado, se ha demostrado que la actividad física y el ejercicio promueven la salud, evitando o reduciendo la susceptibilidad a enfermedades de tipo vascular o inflamatorio, así como para ayudar en el manejo del peso. Por todo ello, la actividad física está siendo utilizada también a modo de "píldora" en terapias para promover la salud y reducir el riesgo de enfermedad. Como en el caso de los medicamentos, hay que evaluar la dosis, intensidad, frecuencia, duración y tener en cuenta las precauciones necesarias para conseguir la máxima eficacia y el mayor éxito del tratamiento. Por el contrario, el sedentarismo es el concepto opuesto a la actividad física y se ha reconocido recientemente como un factor importante de estilo de vida implicado en el ámbito obesogénico y en consecuencia en el riesgo de las enfermedades no transmisibles. Teniendo en cuenta la bibliografía consultada y la experiencia de los autores, en esta revisión se concluye con unas recomendaciones a modo de decálogo dirigido a la población general para conseguir un estatus de hidratación y actividad física adecuados con el fin de evitar las consecuencias del sobrepeso y la obesidad.

A colocação percutânea de filtro de veia cava inferior é bem estabelecida em literatura, reduzindo a chance de ocorrência de tromboembolismo pulmonar após um episódio de trombose venosa profunda em pacientes com contraindicações à anticoagulação. O índice de complicações relacionadas ao procedimento é pequeno, sendo embolização evento extremamente raro. Nesse contexto, descrevemos um caso de embolização intracardíaca de filtro de veia cava inferior associada ao tamponamento cardíaco.

Insertion of inferior vena cava filters has been well established in literature, reducing occurrence of pulmonary embolism after an episode of deep venous thrombosis in patients with contraindication to anticoagulation. There are a small number of complications related to procedure and embolization is rare. In this context, we described a case of intracardiac embolization associated with cardiac tamponade.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar la frecuencia de anticuerpos anti-N. caninum en dos rebaños de ovinos del departamento de Córdoba-Colombia. Materiales y métodos. El estudio fue realizado en el departamento de Córdoba (Colombia) en dos explotaciones de ovinos que presentaron antecedentes de abortos y muerte de animales adultos. Se muestrearon 28 hembras adultas de pelo criollo (Camura), escogidas por muestreo aleatorio simple. Un péptido recombinante de Neospora caninum (NcGRA1) fue utilizado para el diagnóstico por DOT-ELISA y el suero fue diluido en 1:200. Resultados. Este estudio reporta por primera vez para el departamento y para el país la presencia de anticuerpos anti-N. caninum en el 78.6% (22/28) de los ovinos muestreados. Conclusiones. Estos resultados confirman la infección por Neospora caninum en ovinos y la necesidad de nuevos estudios que asocien la presencia del parasito con manifestaciones clínicas en diferentes regiones del país.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To evaluate the frequency of anti-N. caninum antibodies in two sheep herds in the department of Córdoba, Colombia. Materials and methods. The study was performed in the department of Córdoba (Colombia) in two sheep farms that had a clinical history of abortions and death of adult animals; 28 female adults of creole hair (camura) breed were sampled at random. A recombinant peptide from the parasite (NcGRA1) was used in DOT-ELISA tests and the serum was diluted 1:200. Results. This study reports for the first time in this department, and the country the anti-N. caninum in 78.6% (22/28) of the sheep sampled. Conclusions. These results confirm the Neospora caninum infection in sheep and the need for new studies linking the presence of the parasite with clinical manifestations in different regions of the country.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência dos diferentes diagnósticos de cefaleias do Ambulatório de Cefaleias do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (AmbCef-UFMG). MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e descritivo com 289 pacientes atendidos consecutivamente no AmbCef-UFMG. O diagnóstico da cefaleia baseou-se nos critérios da Classificação Internacional das Cefaleias (ICDH-2004). RESULTADOS: A idade média dos pacientes foi 42,6 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (86,9%) e com menos de nove anos de escolaridade. As cefaleias primárias foram as mais comuns, sendo a migrânea encontrada em 79,8% dos casos e a cefaleia do tipo tensional (CTT), em 20,4%. Entre as secundárias, o tipo mais comum foi a cefaleia por uso excessivo de analgésicos (16,6%), seguido de casos menos comuns como a hipertensão intracraniana idiopática. A cefaleia crônica diária (CCD) esteve presente em 31,8% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo confirma dados da literatura que mostram a migrânea como a cefaleia mais comum em centros terciários. O número expressivo de casos de CCD e de uso excessivo de analgésicos indica que, desde o nível primário de atenção, os pacientes deveriam ser orientados a evitar o uso abusivo de medicação sintomática.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of different diagnoses of headaches in the Headache Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (AmbCef-UFMG). METHODS: Cross sectional study with 289 patients consecutively attended to at AmbCef-UFMG. Headaches were diagnosed based on the criteria established by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICDH-2004). RESULTS: The average age of patients was 42.6 years, mostly women (86.9%) with less than nine years of education. Primary headaches were the most common type, with migraine found in 79.8% of cases, and tension-type headache (TTH) in 20.4%. Among the secondary types, the most common was headache caused by overuse of analgesics (16.6%), followed by less common types, such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Chronic daily headache (CDH) was found in 31.8% of cases. CONCLUSION: This study confirms literature data showing migraine as the most common headache in tertiary care centers. The expressive number of cases of CDH and headaches caused by overuse of analgesics indicates that, starting at the primary care level, patients should be advised to avoid the abuse of symptomatic drugs.

En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo difuso basado en la estructura Takagi-Sugeno-Kang dinámica para un reactor continuo de tanque con agitador (RCTA) con reacción química de primer orden exotérmico. A partir de datos experimentales obtenidos mediante simulación del proceso real, se obtiene la base de datos de las variables de entrada y salida del proceso y a partir de la misma se elaboran los archivos de datos de entrenamiento y de verificación del modelo borroso el cual es obtenido mediante la herramienta anfis de MATLAB. El modelo obtenido permite predecir la salida del sistema con errores de predicción muy bajos, por lo que el mismo sienta las bases para el diseño de un controlador predictivo no lineal del mismo en próximas etapas de la investigación.

In this paper a fuzzy model based on dynamic Takagi-Sugeno-Kang framework of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with exothermic fist order chemical reaction is carried out. From experimental data base obtained through real process simulation for input and output variables, the training and checking files of the fuzzy model were developed. Theses files allow us to carried out the fuzzy model by mean of the anfis tool of MATLAB. The model obtained allow us to predict the system out put with a very small prediction error for that reason this model is very important to design a nonlinear predictive control based fuzzy model to this process in future research stages.