ABSTRACT Objective Published studies have shown associations between anti-ribosomal P (anti-P) antibody and systemic lupus erythematosus with hepatic manifestations. This has been reported also in autoimmune hepatitis. However, the consistency of the latter association remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of anti-P antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis using two different immunoassays. Methods One-hundred and seventy-seven patients with autoimmune hepatitis were screened, and 142 were analyzed for anti-P antibody positivity. The samples were first analyzed using two different immunoassays: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chemiluminescence and then compared with a group of 60 patients with systemic lupus erythematous. The positive samples were subjected to western blot analysis. Results Anti-P was found in 5/142 autoimmune hepatitis cases (3.5%) by chemiluminescence and in none by ELISA. Among the five chemiluminescence-positive autoimmune hepatitis samples, on anti-P western blot analysis one was negative, two were weakly positive, and two were positive. In contrast, anti-P was detected in 10/60 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (16.7%) and presented higher chemiluminescence units than the autoimmune hepatitis samples. Conclusion A low frequency of anti-P antibodies was observed in autoimmune hepatitis, suggesting that this test is not useful for the diagnosis or management of this disease.

Resumen Antecedentes: los pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) presentan un aumento del estrés oxidativo, caracterizado por la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno y una deficiencia concomitante de antioxidantes. Existen múltiples mecanismos de defensa que incluyen eliminadores enzimáticos y moléculas no enzimáticas (glutatión y vitaminas A, C, D, E y zinc). Métodos: En este estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo, el objetivo fue describir el comportamiento clínico de los pacientes hospitalizados por CO VID-19 (aquellos tratados con una intervención nutricional estandarizada versus aquellos que recibieron el tratamiento estándar COVID-19 disponible en el tiempo). Un total de 214 historias clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 que requirieron intervención nutricional. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de variables continuas y categóricas. Se realizó una prueba de ANOVA para las variables numéricas. Un modelo de regresión logística y un emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión determinaron las diferencias entre los grupos emparejados. Resultados: el 33,6% de los pacientes ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), el 28,5% requirió ventilación mecánica invasiva y la mortalidad global fue del 19,6%.44 · 8% de los pacientes recibieron la intervención nutricional estandarizada. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de intervención, excepto por el tiempo de intervención, en el que la intervención nutricional estandarizada (días) se identificó como factor protector OR = 0 · 550 (p <0 · 05; IC = 0 · 324-0 · 936). Conclusiones: Este es el primer estudio en Colombia que considera una intervención nutricional estandarizada en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. A pesar de no poder alcanzar los objetivos primarios, se deben realizar experimentos controlados para determinar el papel y los posibles efectos terapéuticos de los micro y macronutrientes en pacientes con COVID-19

Summary Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present an increase in oxidative stress, characterized by the production of reactive oxygen species and a concomitant deficiency of antioxidants. There are multiple defense mechanisms including enzymatic scavengers and non-enzymatic molecules (glutathione and vitamins A, C, D, E, and zinc). Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study, we aimed to describe the clinical behavior of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 (those trea ted with a standardized nutritional intervention versus those who received the COVID-19 standard treatment available at the time). A total of 214 medical records of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 who required nutritional intervention were analyzed. Descriptive analyses of continuous and categorical variables were performed, and an ANOVA test was performed for numerical variables. A logistic regression model and a propensity score matching determined the differences between the matched groups. Findings: 33·6% of the patients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 28·5% required invasive mechanical ventilation, and the overall mortality was 19·6%. 44·8% of the patients received the standardized nutritional intervention. There were no statistically significant differences between intervention groups, except for the intervention time, in which the standardized nutritional intervention (days) was identified as a protective factor OR=0·550 (p <0·05; CI=0·324-0·936). Conclusions: This is the first study in Colombia to consider a standardized nutritional intervention in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Despite not being able to meet the primary objectives, controlled experiments must be carried out to determine the role and possible therapeutic effects of micro and macronutrients in patients with COVID-19.

Resumo O artigo objetivou analisar conhecimentos, percepções, práticas de cuidado e Itinerrários Terapêuticos (IT) para o diagnóstico e tratamento das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST), com destaque para sífilis, entre Travestis e Mulheres Trans (TrMT) em Salvador, Brasil. Foram realizados 05 grupos focais e 06 entrevistas semiestruturadas com 30 TrMT. Os achados apontam amplo desconhecimento e percepções contraditórias sobre as IST, especialmente a sífilis; identificação de duas importantes trajetórias de cuidado às IST e o destaque para IT marcados por estigmas e discriminação nos serviços de saúde. Sugere-se a ampliação das ações de saúde para essa população reconhecendo suas necessidades e a construção de novas estratégias de prevenção e tratamento para IST, dialogadas com as TrMT, e garantia de autonomia, ética e sigilo na produção do cuidado.

Abstract The article aimed to analyze knowledge, perceptions, care practices and Therapeutic Itineraries (TI) for the diagnosis and treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), with emphasis on syphilis, among travesti and transgender women (TGW) in Salvador, Brazil. 05 focus groups and 06 semi-structured interviews with travesti/TGW were carried out with a total of 30 participants. The findings point to a wide lack of knowledge and contradictory perceptions about STD, especially syphilis; identification of two important trajectories of care for STD and the emphasis on TI marked by stigma and discrimination in health services. The expansion of health actions for this population is suggested, recognizing their needs and the construction of new prevention and treatment strategies for STD, in dialogue with the travesti/TGW, and guaranteeing autonomy, ethics and confidentiality in the production of care.

Resumen El artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar conocimientos, percepciones, prácticas de atención y Rutas Terapêuticas (RT) para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (ETS), con énfasis en la sífilis, entre las travestidas y mujeres trans (TrMT) en Salvador, Brasil. Se realizaron 05 grupos focales y 06 entrevistas semiestructuradas con 30 TrMT. Los hallazgos apuntan a una amplia falta de conocimiento y percepciones contradictorias sobre las ETS, especialmente la sífilis; identificación de dos importantes trayectorias de atención a las ETS y el énfasis en las RT marcadas por el estigma y la discriminación en los servicios de salud. Se sugiere ampliar las acciones de salud para esta población, reconociendo sus necesidades y la construcción de nuevas estrategias de prevención y tratamiento de las ETS, en diálogo con el TrMT, y garantizando la autonomía, ética y confidencialidad en la producción de cuidados.

Abstract Introduction: This article summarizes the clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the initial pharmacological treatment of lupus nephritis in the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud). Objective: To provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for initial pharmacological treatment of non-refractory adults with class I to V lupus nephritis in EsSalud. Methods: A guideline development group (GDG) was formed, which included specialist physicians and methodologists, who formulated clinical questions. Systematic searches were conducted for systematic reviews and - when deemed relevant - primary studies in PubMed during 2021. Evidence was selected to answer each of the clinical questions posed. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic working meetings, the GEG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate recommendations. The CPG was reviewed by external experts before its approval. Results: The CPG addressed 6 clinical questions, divided into 2 topics: initial treatment of the induction and maintenance phase. Based on these questions, 11 recommendations were formulated (all conditional), 22 points of good clinical practice, and 2 flow charts. Conclusion: Evidence-based recommendations were issued for the management of patients with this pathology.

Resumen Introducción: El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el tratamiento farmacológico inicial nefritis lúpica en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para tratamiento farmacológico inicial de adultos con nefritis lúpica clase I a V no refractarios en EsSalud. Métodos: Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos, el cual formuló preguntas clínicas. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y -cuando fue considerado pertinente- estudios primarios en PubMed durante el 2021. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. Se evaluó la certeza de evidencia usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones. La GPC fue revisada por expertos externos antes de su aprobación. Resultados: La GPC abordó 6 preguntas clínicas, divididas en 2 temas: tratamiento inicial de la fase de inducción y mantenimiento. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 11 recomendaciones (todas condicionales), 22 puntos de buena práctica clínica, y 2 flujogramas. Conclusión: Se emitieron recomendaciones basadas en evidencia para el manejo de pacientes con esta patología.

Resumen La frontera sur de Colombia incluye extensos bosques amazónicos con diferentes grupos taxonómicos aún inexplorados. Presentamos una lista de especies de aves registradas entre los ríos Caquetá y Putumayo, o Japurá e Içá, a partir de la recopilación de datos históricos provenientes de especímenes biológicos y muestreos en campo realizados principalmente entre 2015 y 2020. Comparamos la diversidad taxonómica y funcional, así como el interés para el aviturista, en relación con un índice de huella humana que permite clasificar el grado de intervención antrópica. La lista incluye 531 especies distribuidas en 66 familias y 25 órdenes, siendo la familia Tyrannidae la de mayor riqueza. La diversidad taxonómica y el interés para el aviturista disminuyeron con el aumento del índice de huella humana, en tanto que la diversidad funcional no varió tan evidentemente con el grado de intervención humana. El refuerzo de estrategias de monitoreo participativo en las zonas rurales de Colombia puede contribuir al crecimiento económico local y tener alcances regionales de conservación que involucren áreas protegidas y otras zonas de importancia ecosistémica a la espera del establecimiento de programas de conservación participativos.

Abstract The southern border of Colombia includes extensive Amazon forests with many taxonomic groups still unexplored. We present a list of bird species recorded between the Caquetá and Putumayo rivers, or Japurá and Içá, based on a compilation of records of historical data on biological specimens and samplings done between 2015 and 2020. We compared taxonomic and functional diversity, as well as the interest for avitourism, based on a human footprint index that allows classifying the degree of human intervention. The list includes 531 species distributed in 66 families and 25 orders, where the Tyrannidae family had the greatest diversity. The taxonomic diversity and avitourism interest decreased as the human footprint index increased while the change in functional diversity was not so evident. Reinforcing participatory monitoring strategies in Colombian rural areas can support local economic growth with a regional conservation scope in protected areas or strategic ecosystems while participatory conservation programs are established.

Resumo A degradação dos ecossistemas e sua consequente perda de biodiversidade apresentam graves impactos sobre as pessoas em todo o mundo. A Plataforma Intergovernamental de Biodiversidade e Serviços Ecossistêmicos (IPBES) é uma das iniciativas internacionais que surgiram para informar tomadores de decisão e o desenvolvimento de políticas para evitar mais perdas globais de biodiversidade, com foco na interdependência entre sistemas naturais e a cultura humana. O IPBES promove o uso de cenários futuros e abordagens de modelagem como uma ferramenta fundamental para avançar no entendimento das relações entre fatores motivadores de mudança (vetores), as Contribuições da Natureza para as Pessoas (NCP) e sistemas sociais. Estudos de caso em escala local com uma abordagem de sistemas mostrando como o conhecimento atual pode ser usado para informar a tomada de decisão ainda são poucos. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um modelo conceitual abrangente e um conjunto de quatro cenários sob diferentes políticas para o manejo da árvore de karité, como estudo de caso para a aplicação de uma abordagem de sistemas e do conceito de NCP em um sistema socioecológico em escala local. Primeiro nós caracterizamos os processos centrais, os NCP, e os vetores e pressões que afetam o sistema da árvore de karité, para então, investigar os impactos dos múltiplos usos da espécie no sistema como um todo. Em seguida, descrevemos opções de políticas possíveis, a partir das quais desenvolvemos quatro cenários e os avaliamos por Redes Bayesianas baseadas em Crenças (BBN). Nós avaliamos os resultados qualitativos dos quatro cenários de manejo propostos: “business-as-usual” (BAU), “Conservação e Fair Trade”, “Agrofloresta e Fair Trade”, e “Desenvolvimento Agroindustrial”. Verificamos que os cenários que incluíam medidas de conservação e comércio justo, assim como o que previa práticas agroflorestais indicaram potenciais melhorias no status de conservação das árvores de karité e aprimoramento do bem-estar das comunidades locais. Neste estudo de caso, demonstramos que o desenvolvimento de um modelo conceitual mais completo na escala local pode ser útil na identificação de oportunidades para a proposição de estratégias políticas efetivas e inovação social. O estudo de caso da árvore de karité pode fornecer um exemplo de modelagem de produtos florestais não-madeireiros para outras regiões do mundo que enfrentam vetores de mudança e pressões semelhantes. As espécies para as quais esse modelo pode ser adaptado incluem espécies da América Central e do Sul, como a castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa), cacau (Theobroma cacao), andiroba (Carapa guianensis), açaí (Euterpe oleracea) e a palma da cera (Ceroxylon quindiuense). O modelo e a proposta de trabalho aplicados aqui podem, portanto, ser usados para entender sistemas socio-ecológicos semelhantes com espécies de valor econômico local e internacional em toda a região neotropical.

Abstract Ecosystems degradation, and consequently biodiversity loss, has severe impacts on people around the world. The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is one of the international initiatives that have emerged to inform policy makers and aid decisions to prevent further global biodiversity loss, focusing on the interdependence between natural systems and human culture. IPBES promotes the use of scenarios and modelling approaches as a fundamental tool to advance the understanding of the relationships between drivers of change, Nature’s Contributions to People (NCP), and social systems. Local-scale case studies with a system approach demonstrating how current knowledge can be used to inform decision-making are still scarce. Here, we present a comprehensive conceptual model and a series of four scenarios under different policies for shea tree species management, as a case-study of applying systems thinking and the NCP concept to a local-scale socio-ecological system. We first characterized the central processes, NCP, drivers and pressures affecting the shea tree system, to investigate the impacts of the multiple uses of the shea tree species on the system as a whole. We then described potential policy options, developed four scenarios, and evaluated them by a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN). We predicted qualitative outcomes of the proposed scenarios: Business-as-usual (BAU), “Conservation and fair trade”, “Agroforestry and fair trade” and “Industrial development”. We found that the scenarios focussing on conservation, fair trade and agroforestry, can improve the conservation status of shea trees, and enhance wellbeing in the local communities. In this case study, we demonstrate that the development of a comprehensive conceptual model at a local scale can be a useful exercise to identify opportunities for effective policy strategies and social innovation. The shea tree case study can provide an example for modelling non-timber forest products in other regions around the world that face similar drivers and pressures. Species for which this model could be adapted include Central and South American species such as the Brazilian nut (Bertholletia excelsa), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), andiroba (Carapa guianensis), açai (Euterpe oleracea) and the wax palm (Ceroxylon quindiuense). The model and workflow applied here may thus be used to understand similar socio-ecological systems with local and international economic value across the Neotropical region.

Abstract Objective: Anticoagulation is the primary management to prevent venous thromboembolism; inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) provide a mechanical prophylactic alternative when anticoagulation is contraindicated. The aim of this study was to evaluate in IVCF patients, whether the initiation of anticoagulation therapy is associated with decreased rates of recurrent thrombotic events and device-related complications. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients that underwent insertion of IVCF. Subjects with IVCF were studied in two groups: those initiated on anticoagulation (A) and without anticoagulation (NA). Variables as indications for IVCF, anticoagulation, recurrence of thrombosis, complications, and reinterventions were examined. Results: From April 2007 to March 2014, 54 patients underwent IVCF placement; (61% of females), with mean age of 54 years (standard deviation ± 19). 28 (52%) were initiated on anticoagulation, during a mean follow-up period of 28 months, five experienced recurrent thrombosis and three were on the A group (p=0.5); when comparing patients that developed post-thrombotic syndrome, seven were in the A group and seven in the NA. Two patients with IVC rupture were in the A group (p=0.5), and the only case of IVCF migration occurred in the A group. 11 (20%) patients died from comorbidities nonrelated to the device or procedure (four in the A cohort). Conclusions: Patients with IVCF on anticoagulation have equivalent rates of thrombotic events and device-related complications than those patients NA.

Resumen Objetivo: La anticoagulación es la terapia de elección para la prevención de tromboembolismo venoso; los filtros de vena cava inferior (FVCI) proveen una alternativa mecánica profiláctica cuando la anticoagulación está contraindicada. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si la terapia anticoagulante se asocia con una tasa menor de eventos trombóticos recurrentes y complicaciones relacionadas con el dispositivo. Métodos: Los pacientes fueron categorizados en dos grupos: Aquellos a los que se les inicio anticoagulación (A) y aquellos que no (NA). Variables tales como indicación de la colocación del filtro, anticoagulación, recurrencia de trombosis y complicaciones fueron examinadas. Resultados: De abril de 2007 a marzo 2014, a 54 pacientes se les coloco un filtro (61% fueron mujeres), con una media de edad de 54 años [Desviación estándar (DE) ±19. Veintiocho (52%) fueron iniciados en anticoagulación y durante un seguimiento de 28 meses, 5 pacientes experimentaron recurrencia de trombosis, 3 en el grupo A (p=0.5). Al comparar los pacientes que desarrollaron síndrome posflebítico, 7 pertenecieron al grupo A y 7 al grupo NA. Dos pacientes con ruptura de vena cava pertenecieron al grupo A (p=0.5) y el único caso de migración del dispositivo ocurrió en el grupo A. Once (20%) pacientes fallecieron debido a comorbilidades no relacionadas con el dispositivo o el procedimiento. Conclusión: Pacientes con FVCI en anticoagulación tienen tasas de eventos trombóticos y complicaciones asociadas a los dispositivos equivalentes a aquellos pacientes sin anticoagulación.

Resumen La investigación en educación con perspectiva social ha sido un tema de interés y discusión para investigadores y profesores cuyo trabajo está enmarcado en la pedagogía para justicia social, pedagogía basada en la comunidad y literacidades críticas. Una perspectiva social para la educación requiere que los profesores en contextos rurales y urbanos estén social y culturalmente comprometidos en abordar las necesidades de aprendizaje de inglés en las aulas. Este artículo comparte los resultados de una experiencia de cinco docentes practicantes quienes exploraron una comunidad local en un colegio rural colombiano con un grupo de 36 estudiantes de grado noveno. Las docentes implementaron un currículo basado en proyectos, con temas de la comunidad como contenido principal, para empoderar a los estudiantes y así explorar aspectos culturales y sociales de su comunidad mientras se promovía el aprendizaje de inglés como lengua extranjera. Los datos fueron recogidos durante un periodo de cuatro meses de implementación de la intervención pedagógica a través de entrevistas, observaciones y reflexiones de estudiantes y profesores. Los estudiantes desarrollaron una serie de actividades enfocadas a incrementar la conciencia acerca de su identidad, a cuestionar y mejorar realidades de su entorno e incrementar su confianza mientras fortalecían habilidades para incrementar su conocimientos del inglés. Los resultados demostraron que un currículo que integra conocimientos acerca de la comunidad de sus estudiantes, los empoderó al aprender y reflexionar sobre su proceso de aprendizaje, facilitó su participación e incrementó su conocimiento sobre su realidad social y cultural.

Abstract Educational work within a social perspective has been a matter of interest and discussion of researchers and teachers whose work is framed within a pedagogy for social justice, community pedagogies, and critical literacy (Comber & Kamler, 2004). A social perspective to education requires that teachers in rural and urban contexts become socially and culturally committed to addressing the learning needs of EFL in classrooms. This article shares the outcomes of the experience of five pre-service teachers who explored a local community of a Colombian rural school with a group of 36 ninth-grade EFL students. The pre-service teachers crafted a project-based curriculum taking the community as the content that would empower the students to explore social and cultural aspects of their community while promoting their EFL learning. Data were collected during the four-month period of the pedagogical intervention through interviews, observations and students’ and teachers’ written reflections. The high school students carried out a series of tasks aimed at raising their awareness about their identity, questioning their surroundings and increasing their self-confidence while using their knowledge of English. Results suggest that a curriculum that integrates the community as content empowered students to learn and reflect upon their learning process while facilitating their participation and inquiring about their own social and cultural reality.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions among children from representative regions of Brazil. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Biopsy records comprising the period from 2000 to 2015 were obtained from the archives of three Brazilian oral pathology referral centers. A total of 32,506 biopsy specimens were analyzed, and specimens from 1,706 children aged 0–12 years were selected. Gender, age, anatomical location and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated. Descriptive statistics was carried out. Likelihood ratio tests were used to evaluate the association between the categorical variables. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The post-hoc test was used to identify the subgroups that significantly differed from one another, and the Bonferroni correction was applied. A total of 1,706 oral and maxillofacial lesions were diagnosed in pediatric patients, including 51.9% girls. Oral mucocele was the most prevalent reactive/inflammatory lesion (64%). The most commonly affected sites were the lips (34.5%) and mandible (19.9%). A significant association was observed between age and the group of lesions of the oral cavity (p < 0.001), and between age and anatomical location (p < 0.001). Pediatric oral and maxillofacial lesions were frequent and showed wide diversity, with the prevalence of mucocele. Knowledge of oral lesions is important for pediatric dentists worldwide, since it provides accurate data for the diagnosis and oral health of children.

Resumen Se estudiaron nanofibras de TiO2/ZnO preparadas por calcinación de fibras precursoras de poli (vinil acetato), isopropóxido de titanio y nano polvo de zinc elaboradas por la técnica de electrohilado. La estructura y la morfología de las nanofibras de TiO2/ZnO y fibras precursoras se caracterizaron por Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (SEM), Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido de Emisión de Campo equipado con Espectroscopia Dispersiva de Rayos X (FESEM-EDS), Espectroscopia de Infrarrojo con Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) y Difracción de Rayos X (XRD). El análisis XRD mostró la estructura cristalina de los óxidos de titanio (anatasa) y de zinc (wurzita hexagonal), después de calcinar las fibras precursoras a 500°C. Las microfotografías de SEM muestran que tanto las fibras precursoras como las nanofibras forman redes uniformes y buena morfología. Estas nanofibras de dióxido de titanio /óxido de zinc presentan buen área de superficie y diámetros de 200 nm apropiados que podrían ser de aplicación potencial en el campo de energía renovable, en particular, para la fabricación de celdas solares.

Abstract The TiO2 /ZnO nanofibers prepared by the calcination of polyvinyl acetate of precursor fibers, titanium isopropoxide and nano zinc powder produced by the electrospinning technique were studied. The structu-re and morphology of TiO2 /ZnO nanofibers and precursor fibers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and XRD (X Ray Diffraction). XRD analysis displayed crystalline structures of titanium oxides (anatase) and zinc (hexagonal wurzite), after calcining the precursor fibers at 500 °C. SEM microphotographs display that both precursor fibers and nanofibers form uniform networks and good morphology. These titanium dioxide / zinc oxide nanofibers get good surface area and appropriate 200 nm diameters which could potentially be applied in the renewable energy field, particularly for solar cells manufacturing.

Resumo Nanofibras de TiO2 /ZnO preparado por calcinação de fibras precursoras de poli (acetato de vinila), isopropóxido de titânio e pó nano de zinco produzidos por eletrofiação técnica estudada. A estrutura e morfologia das nanofibras de TiO2/ ZnO e fibras precursores foram caracterizados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM), Microscopia eletrônica de varredura de emissão de campo equipada com espectroscopia de raios-X dispersiva (FESEM-EDS), Espectroscopia de Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) e difração de raios X (DRX). A análise de XRD mostrou a formação de estruturas de cristal de óxido de titânio (anatase) e zinco (wurtzita hexagonal), depois de fibras precursoras de calcinação a 500 °C. Micrografias mostram que tanto o precursor e fibras nanofibras uniformes formar redes e boa morfologia. Estas nanofibras de dióxido de titanio /óxido de zinco apresentam bom área de superfície e diâmetros de 200 nm apropriados que poderiam ser de aplicativo potencial no campo de energia renovável, em particular, para a fabricação de celas solares.

Resumen Este documento presenta, en primera instancia un acercamiento a la teoría del discurso desde la teoría política de Chantal Mouffe y Ernesto Laclau, y a partir de este, se busca comprender la concepción que se ha construido sobre la noción de ciudadanía. Atendiendo también a categorías como hegemonía y ciudadanía agonística, para evidenciar y visibilizar que dentro del proceso de construcción histórico-social han existido fuerzas que se imponen y que se encuentran articuladas al contexto económico, social, político y cultural. Culmina estableciendo la articulación de la ciudadanía agonística con los procesos de participación como formas mediante las cuales los jóvenes hacen visible su ciudadanía al tiempo que posibilitan una lectura que los concibe como ciudadanos, agentes y promotores de cambio.

Abstract This document approximates, in a first instance, the discourse theory from Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau's perspectives. Based on this, it aims to understand the constructed notion of citizenship. Also considering other categories, such as hegemony and agonistic citizenship, so that we can make evident and visible that in the process of historic-social construction there have been several prevailing forces that are articulated to the economic, social, political and cultural context. It ends by articulating agonistic citizenship to the articipation processes as ways through which youth enable their being citizens, while enabling a reading where they are conceived as citizens and promoters of change.

Resumo O presente documento apresenta, em primeiro lugar, uma aproximação à teoria do discurso a partir da teoria política de Chantal Mouffe e Ernesto Laclau. Busca, por esse viés, entender a concepção que se tem construído sobre a noção de cidadania. Categorias como hegemonia e cidadania agonística são trazidas para evidenciar e visibilizar que dentro do processo de construção histórico-social têm existido forças que se impõem e que estão atreladas ao contexto econômico, social, político e cultural. Por fim, o texto explora a articulação da cidadania agonística com os processos de participação como formas mediante as quais os jovens tornam visível sua cidadania ao mesmo tempo que permitem uma leitura que os percebe como cidadãos, agentes e promotores de mudança.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de níveis de glicerina bruta do óleo de palma na dieta de suínos em crescimento. As dietas foram formuladas para serem isoenergéticas e isoproteicas, o teor de ácido linoléico permaneceu constante na dieta. No total, 36 suinos (com média BW de 23,05 ± 2,86 kg) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos: 1) 0% de glicerina bruta; 2) 5% de glicerina bruta; 3) 10% de glicerina bruta. Os leitões foram alojados em 12 baias com quatro repetições (baias) por tratamento, três suínos/repetição. Os dados foram analisados como um delineamento em blocos casualizados utilizando-se o procedimento GLIMMIX do SAS, com um efeito aleatório de bloco por período. Notou-se que a inclusão de glicerina bruta do óleo de palma não afetou (P> 0,05) o desempenho produtivo, as características da carcaça e qualidade da carne. Concluiu-se que a inclusão de glicerina bruta do óleo de palma até 10% não afetou o desempenho dos suínos e a qualidade da carne.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion level of crude glycerin from palm oil in the diet of growing pigs. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isoproteic, with a constant content of linoleic acid within the experimental diets. A total of 36 pigs (average BW 23.05± 2.86 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments: 1) 0% of crude glycerin; 2) 5% of crude glycerin; 3) 10% of crude glycerin. Pigs were housed in 12 pens; 4 replicates (pens) per treatment and three pigs/replicate. Data were analyzed as a complete block design using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, with a random block effect for period. This study established that inclusion of crude glycerin from palm oil in the diet of growing pigs did not affect (P > 0.05) growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. We concluded that inclusion of crude glycerin from palm oil up to 10% of the diet did not adversely affect pig performance and the quality of the meat.

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de anticuerpos IgM contra Leptospira spp., mediante el Ensayo de Inmunoabsorción Ligado a Enzimas (ELISA), en la población de riesgo laboral de 8 municipios del Tolima. Metodología: se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de 261 empleados, las cuales fueron analizadas mediante la técnica de elisa para la detección de anticuerpos IgM anti-Leptospira spp., seguido de MAT y serotipificación. Resultado : se estimó una seroprevalencia del 25,29%, con una seroreactividad mayor en trabajadores de plantas de beneficio animal (34,2%), recolección de residuos sólidos (27,1%) y trabajadores de acueducto y alcantarillado (14,8%). La actividad en plantas de beneficio animal se identificó como factor de riesgo de Leptospira spp. (OR=1,86). Los serovares identificados fueron L. Bratislava (16), Ballum (5), Tarassovi (3), Hebdomadis (2), Sejroe (2) y Icterhemorragiae (1). El municipio de Libano presentó el mayor porcentaje de positividad (36,96%), seguido de Espinal y Guamo con 28,57% cada uno. Discusión: La evaluación del sistema de vigilancia indicó deficiencia en recursos y debilidades de los profesionales de la salud al desconocer los procedimientos, investigación, diagnóstico y notificación de la enfermedad. Conclusión: la leptospirosis está presente en poblaciones de riesgo laboral en el Tolima y se hace necesario abordar esta problemática en la población de otros municipios y los animales transmisores de la enfermedad.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of IgM antibodies against Leptospira spp. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in a population at occupational risk from 8 municipalities of the Tolima department, Colombia. Methodology: blood samples were collected from 261 employees and analyzed with the elisa technique to detect IgM and anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies. This was followed by mat and serotyping. Result: a seroprevalence of 25.29% was estimated, with higher seroreactivity for individuals working at slaughter plants (34.2%), collecting solid waste (27.1%) and those in contact with water and sewage waste (14.8%). Activity in slaughter plants was identified as a risk factor for Leptospira spp. (OR = 1.86). The serovars identified were L. Bratislava (16), Ballum (5), Tarassovi (3), Hebdomadis (2), Sejroe (2), and Icterhemorragiae (1). The municipality of Libano had the highest percentage of positivity (36.96%), followed by Espinal and Guamo with 28.57% each. Discussion: assessment of the current surveillance system for leptospirosis indicated deficient resources and health professionals who are lacking in terms of knowledge regarding appropriate procedures, research on, diagnosis and reporting mechanisms for the disease. Conclusions: leptospirosis is present in public workers with occupational hazard in Tolima. In addition, this issue should be approached while taking into account the population from other municipalities as well as the animals associated with its transmission

Objetivo: estimam a prevalência de anticorpos IgM contra Leptospira spp., por ensaio de ensaio de imunossorvente ligado a enzima (ELISA) na população de risco ocupacional de 8 municípios de Tolima. Metodologia: Coletaram-se amostras de sangue de 261 empregados, e analisaram-se com a técnica de ELISA para detectar anticorpos IgM anti-Leptospira spp., seguido de MAT e de serotipificação. Resultados : estimou-se uma seroprevalência de 25,29%, com seroatividade superior nos trabalhadores dos matadouros (34,2%), da recolecção de lixo sólido (27,1%), e nos trabalhadores dos esgotos (14,8%). A atividade nos matadouros foi identificada como fator de risco de Leptospira spp. (OR=1,86). Os serovares identificados foram L. Bratislava (16), Ballum K(5), Tarassovi K(3), Hebdomadis (2), Sejroe (2) e Icterhemorragiae (1). O município de Libano apresentou a percentagem mais alta de positividade (36,96%), seguido por Espinal e por Guamo, com 28,57 cada um. Discussão: a avaliação do sistema de vigilância revelou deficiência de recursos e fraquezas dos profissionais da saúde, porque desconhecem os procedimentos, a investigação, o diagnóstico e a notificação da doença. Conclusão: a leptospirosis está nas populações de risco laboral no Departamento do Tolima, o que faz necessário acometer este problema na população de outros municípios e nos animais transmissores da doença.

Blinded rechecking is a method proposed for external quality assurance (EQA) of auramine-stained acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears using fluorescence microscopy (FM), however, this procedure is not well developed and slides fading over time could compromise its implementation. Since bleaching of fluorescent molecules involves temperature-dependent chemical reactions, it is likely that low temperatures could slow down this process. We stored auramine-stained slides under different environmental conditions, including −20 °C, and examined them over time. The slides stored in all the environments faded. At −20 °C, fading was not reduced in relation to room temperature. Restaining and re-examining smears after five months showed that the slides containing saliva and storage at −20 °C were associated with failure in AFB reappearance. In conclusion, the practice of freezing slides until they are viewed should be discouraged as it has a negative effect on blinded rechecking by reducing reading concordance after restaining. Specimen quality should be considered when interpreting FM-EQA results.

La relectura usando microscopía fluorescente con lámpara LED es una metodología propuesta para la evaluación externa de calidad (EEC) de los extendidos teñidos con auramina empleados para detectar bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes (BAAR), pero el procedimiento está parcialmente desarrollado y la decoloración de los BAAR con el transcurso del tiempo puede comprometer su implementación. La decoloración de moléculas fluorescentes involucra reacciones químicas temperatura-dependientes, por lo que la reducción de la temperatura podría enlentecerla. Guardamos extendidos coloreados en distintas condiciones, incluyendo a −20 °C, y los examinamos a distintos tiempos. Las láminas guardadas en todos los ambientes se decoloraron; a −20 °C la decoloración fue más rápida que a temperatura ambiente. La recoloración evidenció que en extendidos de saliva o conservados a −20 °C existía mayor probabilidad de que los BAAR no reaparecieran. En conclusión, la conservación de extendidos en freezer debe evitarse, ya que reduciría la concordancia de lectura luego de recolorear para la EEC. La calidad de la muestra debe considerarse para interpretar la EEC.