Abstract The translucency of dental ceramics [feldspathic ceramic (FC), lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic (LS), and translucent zirconia (TZ)], in two thicknesses (1 and 2 mm), using different parameters was assessed. Translucency parameters ( TP ab *, TP00), contrast ratio (CR), light transmittance at 468 nm (T%), and light attenuation were determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and Pearson correlations (α=0.05). CR ranged from 0.64 (LS-1 mm) to 0.96 (TZ-2 mm). TP ab * ranged from 3.7 (TZ-2 mm) to 32.2 (LS-1 mm). TP00 ranged from 3.0 (TZ-2 mm) to 26.4 (LS-1 mm). T% ranged from 14.9 (TZ-2 mm) to 75.2 (FC-1 mm). Light attenuation varied from 54% (LS-1 mm) to 84% (TZ-2 mm). There were significant strong negative correlations between CR and TP ab * (R=-0.997), CR and TP00 (R=-0.991), TP ab * and light attenuation (R=-0.888), and TP00 and light attenuation (R=-0.867). LS showed the highest translucency, whereas TZ showed the lowest translucency. When thickness increased, CR and light attenuation also increased, while TP and transmittance decreased.

ABSTRACT Brazil is one of the world's largest guava (Psidium guajava) producing countries, but the economic performance of this crop can be negatively affected by the damage caused by Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). The main methods for controlling C. capitata are based on broad-spectrum insecticide applications. However, the negative effects of using this control method stimulate the development of sustainable alternatives, such as the use of essential oils (EO). In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the repellent activity of EO of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) for repellency of C. capitata in Paluma guava fruits and determine their effects on postharvest fruit quality, under laboratory-controlled conditions. The fruits were treated with citronella, clove, and copaiba EO and placed in covered plastic containers attached to the ends of arenas of 20 cm diameter and 15 cm height. The fruit physical and chemical analysis was carried out based on the same oils applied in the repellent test. The C. nardus essential oil presented a greater repellency of C. capitata females. The EO applications proved to be a good strategy for maintaining the fruit post-harvest quality.

RESUMO O Brasil está entre os maiores produtores mundiais de goiaba (Psidium guajava), mas o rendimento econômico dessa cultura pode ser negativamente afetado pelos danos causados por Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Os principais métodos de controle de C. capitata são baseados em aplicações de inseticidas de amplo espectro. Porém, os efeitos negativos do uso desse controle estimulam o desenvolvimento de alternativas sustentáveis, como o uso de óleos essenciais. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade repelente dos óleos essenciais de citronela (Cymbopogon nardus), cravo (Syzygium aromaticum) e copaíba (Copaifera officinalis) em fruto de goiabeiras Paluma contra C. capitata e determinar suas influências na qualidade pós-colheita desses frutos trabalhados. Em condições controladas de laboratório, os frutos foram tratados com óleos essenciais de citronela, cravo e copaíba e acondicionados em recipientes de plástico com dimensões de 20 cm de diâmetro e 15 cm de altura. A análise físico-química dos frutos foi realizada com base nos mesmos óleos aplicados no teste de repelência. O óleo essencial de C. nardus apresentou maior repelência às fêmeas de C. capitata. A aplicação de óleos essenciais, mostrou-se uma estratégia para manutenção da qualidade póscolheita.

The cariogenic processes are mainly caused by the bacterium Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and consist of the demineralization of the tooth that occurs when the acid production overcomes the natural repair or if a problem occurs in the last one. In this work, we performed the synthesis of twenty-one 1,4-naphthoquinones tethered to 1,2,3-1H-triazoles (8a-8k and 9a-9j), antibacterial evaluation against the S. mutans in vitro and the acute toxicity of the better ones in vivo. We observed strong inhibition results in the disc diffusion test ranging, the halos of inhibitions, from 18.66 (± 0.57) to 29 (± 2.64) mm, and good values in the minimum inhibitory concentration (5 to 50 μg), for the compounds 9e, 9h, 9i and 9j: Furthermore, they do not have a cytotoxic effect at the concentrations tested. Besides that, in the in vivo test, they show some slight alteration in the histopathological analyses and the biochemistry. Thus, we found four potential candidates to become instruments for the treatment of cavities.

The death of professor Rolf Huisgen (1920-2020) was announced on March 26th 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Professor Huisgen was professor emeritus at the University of Munich in Germany, and studied in detail the mechanism of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, significantly expanding its scope. Even though he did not discover this reaction, it was through his studies that it became important in organic synthesis. Indeed, in honor of his work, the reaction became known as Huisgen’s cycloaddition and it has been consolidated as a useful method for the preparation of five-membered heterocyclic compounds. Considering these facts, in this review we provide an overview on the applications of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, starting with the seminal examples in the field and further discussing the most recent applications.

The known biotechnological properties of chitosan and the recent biological activities attributed to polysaccharides from Agaricus brasiliensis have been of interest to obtain films constituted by these two polymers. The glucans obtained from the mushroom inhibited about 96.5% of the ferrous ion, besides not promoting a significant increase of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH), which indicates that the polysaccharide is able to inhibit the production of radical species and also presents low cytotoxicity to the biological systems. The results of spectroscopy analyses in the infrared region (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction suggest an existing electrostatic interaction between the substances. A reduction in the films’ swelling capacity was observed with an increase in the polysaccharide content in the composition. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed greater surface density of the films. In convening the biological properties of the substances, it is expected that this study raises interest in evaluating the films and their capacity for healing wounds and burns.

RESUMO: Os ruminantes podem ser afetados por uma grande variedade de doenças do sistema nervoso central (SNC). A análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) constitui a base da avaliação diagnóstica ante mortem de ruminantes com sinais clínicos envolvendo o SNC. Apesar de sua importância como ferramenta para auxiliar no diagnóstico, os dados referentes aos exames do LCR em casos espontâneos de doenças do SNC em ruminantes no Brasil são limitados, e, a maioria dos relatos envolve estudos experimentais. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar os resultados da análise do LCR em 58 ruminantes com distúrbios neurológicos. Amostras do LCR foram obtidas de 32 bovinos, 20 ovinos e 6 caprinos por punção da cisterna cerebelo-medular (n=54) ou espaço lombossacro (n=4) para posterior análise. Esses ruminantes apresentaram sinais neurológicos relacionados a infecções virais (n=13), micóticas (n=3) ou bacterianas (n=15), e desordens tóxicas (n=21), traumáticas (n=4) ou congênitas (n=2) A análise do LCR de ruminantes com infecções virais apresentou pleocitose linfocítica, embora, em vários casos de raiva, o LCR não tenha apresentado alterações. Pleocitose neutrofílica, turbidez, presença de coágulos de fibrina e coloração anormal foram evidentes no LCR da maioria dos casos de infecções bacterianas do SNC, como meningoencefalites, meningites, abscessos, mielite e um caso de conidiobolomicose. Por outro lado, o LCR não foi alterado na maioria dos casos dos distúrbios tóxicos, como botulismo e encefalopatia hepática. A densidade elevada no LCR foi observada em 60% dos ruminantes diagnosticados com polioencefalomalácia. Nossos resultados mostram que a avaliação do LCR é uma valiosa ferramenta de diagnóstico, quando usada em associação com os achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos para o diagnóstico de doenças do SNC em ruminantes.

ABSTRACT: Ruminants may be affected by a wide variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis forms the basis for ante mortem diagnostic evaluation of ruminants with clinical signs involving the CNS. Despite its importance as a tool to aid diagnosis, data regarding CSF examinations in spontaneous cases of CNS diseases in ruminants from Brazil are limited, and most reports involve experimental studies. Therefore, this study aimed to report the results of CSF analysis in 58 ruminants showing signs of neurological disorders. CSF samples for analysis were obtained from 32 cattle, 20 sheep, and 6 goats by cerebello-medullary cistern (n=54) or lumbosacral space (n=4) puncture. These ruminants showed neurological signs related to viral (n=13), mycotic (n=3), or bacterial (n=15) infections, and toxic (n=21), traumatic (n=4), or congenital disorders (n=2). CSF analysis from ruminants with viral infections presented lymphocytic pleocytosis, even though CSF showed no changes in several cases of rabies. Neutrophilic pleocytosis, cloudiness, presence of fibrin clots, and abnormal coloration were evident in the CSF of most cases of CNS bacterial infection, such as meningoencephalitis, meningitis, abscesses, myelitis, and a case of conidiobolomycosis. On the other hand, CSF was unchanged in most cases of toxic disorders, as botulism and hepatic encephalopathy. Elevated CSF density was observed in 60% of ruminants diagnosed with polioencephalomalacia. Our findings show that evaluation of CSF is a valuable diagnostic tool when used in association with epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings for diagnosis of CNS diseases in ruminants.

RESUMO Em razão do reduzido espectro hospedeiro do fungo entomopatogênico Metarhizium rileyi, sua patogenicidade contra diferentes insetos alvos deve ser avaliada para o desenvolvimento de bioinseticidas capazes de controlar mais de uma espécie-praga. Objetivou-se avaliar a suscetibilidade das espécies-pragas Chrysodeixis includens e Spodoptera frugiperda a diferentes isolados de M. rileyi e, assim, determinar uma possível influência do hospedeiro de origem na atividade patogênica desses isolados. Três isolados [CG1312 (C. includens como hospedeiro original), CG381 (S. frugiperda como hospedeiro original) e um novo isolado selvagem (C. includens como hospedeiro original)] foram testados contra lagartas de C. includens e S. frugiperda, em idade de terceiro instar, por tratamento de superfícies com suspensão de conídios, em laboratório. Ambas as espécies foram suscetíveis aos isolados de M. rileyi, com índices de mortalidade de 53-58 % para C. includens e 74-84 % para S. frugiperda. Os resultados sugerem que o hospedeiro de origem pode não ser determinante na seleção de isolados patogênicos de M. rileyi contra essas duas espécies de praga.

ABSTRACT Due to the reduced host spectrum of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium rileyi, its pathogenicity against different target insects must be assessed to develop biopesticides capable of controlling more than one pest species. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of the pest species Chrysodeixis includens and Spodoptera frugiperda to different isolates of M. rileyi and, thus, determine a possible influence of the host of origin on the pathogenic activity of these isolates. Three isolates [CG1312 (C. includens as original host), CG381 (S. frugiperda as original host) and a new wild isolate (C. includens as original host)] were tested against larvae of C. includens and S. frugiperda, in third instar age, by treatment of surfaces with conidial suspension, under laboratory conditions. Both species were susceptible to the isolates of M. rileyi, with mortality rates of 53-58 % for C. includens and 74-84 % for S. frugiperda. The results suggest that the host of origin may not be determinant in the selection of pathogenic isolates of M. rileyi against these two pest insects.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen which is a current global public health concern. There are currently no approved vaccines or antivirals against ZIKV infection. Taking into account that naphthoquinones have shown promising antiviral activity, the aim of this study was to describe the screening of two bis-naphthoquinones series against ZIKV. Twenty seven compounds were evaluated against ZIKV using Vero cells. The findings showed that among the compounds analyzed four were promising. Compound 3,3’-((2-nitrophenyl)methylene)bis(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione) containing the nitro group at the ortho position showed the best selectivity index, followed by compound 3,3’-(4-chlorophenylmethylene)bis(naphthalene-1,2,4-triyl triacetate) with the chlorophenylmethylene radical. These results demonstrate that these bis-naphthoquinones are largely effective in inhibiting the replication of ZIKV.

RESUMO O parvovírus B19 (B19V) pode ser transmitido por via respiratória, verticalmente - da mãe para o feto - e via transfusão de sangue e transplante de órgãos. A infecção por transfusão de sangue ou hemoderivados ocorre devido à resistência do B19V aos métodos de inativação viral. Nosso estudo avaliou a presença do ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) B19V e a prevalência de imunoglobulina da classe G (IgG) anti-B19V em mulheres em idade fértil, doadoras de sangue do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Nossos resultados demonstraram a ausência de DNA de B19V nesses doadores. No entanto, foi observada a soroprevalência de IgG anti-B19V em 60,7% dessa população. Este estudo fornece dados importantes da circulação do B19V no Centro-Oeste do Brasil.

ABSTRACT Parvovirus B19 (B19V) can be transmitted by the respiratory route, vertically - from the mother to the fetus - and via blood transfusion or organ transplantation. Infection by transfusion of blood or blood products occurs due to the resistance of B19V to viral inactivation methods. Our study evaluated the presence of B19V deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the prevalence of anti-B19V class G immunoglobulin (IgG) in women of childbearing age blood donors of the Federal District, Brazil. Our results demonstrated the absence of B19V DNA in these blood donors. However, the seroprevalence for anti-B19V IgG was observed in 60.7% of this population. This study provides important data of B19V circulation in the Center-West of Brazil.

The crystal structures of (Z)-1-phenyl-4-[((2-phenylhydrazono)methyl)]-1H-1,2,3-triazole, (Z)-4-[(2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)hydrazono)methyl]-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole, (E)-4-[(2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)methyl]-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole, and (E)-N'-((2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide dihydrate are reported. The formations of (Z)- configurations about the C=N bonds in the first two compounds arise from the stabilizing presence of intramolecular N-H···N hydrogen bonds, while in the third compound, the presence of intramolecular N-H···O hydrogen bonds promotes an (E) geometry. The arrangement about the CONHC=N fragment in the hydrated acylhydrazone is EC(O)NH/EC=N. Also present in (E)-N'-((2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide is an interesting R44(8) ring formed from hydrogen bonds generated from four water molecules. Significant π···π stacking interactions are exhibited in three compounds, but not in the least planar first compound, in which the dominant intermolecular interactions are C-H···π interactions. Other intermolecular interactions in one of the compounds are C-H···π interactions, in another compound are C-H···O hydrogen bonds and N-O···π interactions, and in the last compound are O-H···X (X = O and N), N-H···O and C-H···O hydrogen bonds.

High cell density cultivations of recombinant E. coli have been increasingly used for the production of heterologous proteins. However, it is a challenge to maintain these cultivations within the desired conditions, given that some variables such as dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) and feed flow rate are difficult to control. This paper describes the software SUPERSYS_HCDC, a tool developed to supervise fed-batch cultures of rE. coli with biomass concentrations up to 150 gDCW/L and cell productivities up to 9 gDCW.L-1.h-1. The tool includes automatic control of the DOC by integrated action of the stirrer speed as well as of the air and oxygen flow rates; automatic start-up of the feed flow of fresh medium (system based on a neural network committee); and automatic slowdown of feeding when oxygen consumption exceeds the maximum capacity of the oxygen supply.

OBJETIVO Verificar a associação entre proteína C-reativa (PCR) e pressão arterial (PA) elevada em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, realizado de abril de 2009 a abril de 2010, com 184 crianças e adolescentes de dois a 18 anos, obesos ou com sobrepeso. Realizou-se a classificação do estado nutricional por meio do índice da massa corpórea (IMC). Adotou-se a curva do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, classificando-se os indivíduos em: sobrepeso (IMC entre percentil 85-95), obesidade (IMC entre percentil 95-97) e obesidade grave (IMC>percentil 97). Consideraram-se alterados valores de: PA sistólica (PAS) e/ou diastótica (PAD) ≥percentil 90, conforme curva de classificação da PA para crianças e adolescentes nas V Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial; circunferência abdominal (CA) ≥percentil 90 de acordo com a curva do National Cholesterol Education Program; e PCR ultrassensível (PCR-us) >3mg/dL. Para avaliar a associação de valores inadequados de PCR entre os grupos, utilizaram-se o teste do qui-quadrado e a análise de variância. As análises foram realizadas na versão 17.0 do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS Dos avaliados, 66,3% eram do sexo feminino, 63,5%, não brancos, 64,1% tinham obesidade grave, 78,3% apresentavam CA alterada e 70,6%, PA elevada. Verificou-se associação significante dos níveis aumentados de PCR com CA alterada e IMC ≥percentil 97. Nos adolescentes, a PCR aumentada associou-se à PAS elevada. Os valores médios da PCR foram superiores nos indivíduos que apresentaram PAS elevada. CONCLUSÕES Valores inadequados da PCR-us associaram-se à obesidade grave e à PAS elevada na população estudada. Tais marcadores podem ser utilizados para identificar crianças e adolescentes com maior risco de desenvolver aterosclerose.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and high blood pressure (BP) in overweight or obese children and adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 184 overweight or obese children and adolescents aged from two to 18 years old, from April, 2009 to April, 2010. The classification of nutritional status used the body mass index (BMI). Based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention curve, individuals were classified as: overweight (BMI between the 85th-95th percentiles), obesity (BMI between 95th-97th percentiles) and severe obesity (BMI >97th percentile). Abnormal values were considered for systolic BP (SBP) and/or diastolic (DBP) if ≥90th percentile of the BP curve recommended for children and adolescents in the V Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension, for waist circumference (WC) if ≥90th percentile of the curve established by the National Cholesterol Education Program, and for high sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) if >3mg/dL. To evaluate the association of inadequate values of CRP and the studied groups, chi-square test and analysis of variance were applied, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17.0 and adopting a significance level of 5%. RESULTS Among the evaluated sample, 66.3% were female, 63.5%, non-white, 64.1% had severe obesity, 78.3% had altered WC and 70.6% presented high BP. There was a significant association of CRP high levels with altered WC and BMI ≥97th percentile. In adolescents, high CRP was related to high SBP. CRP mean values were higher in individuals with elevated SBP. CONCLUSIONS Inadequate values of hs-CRP were associated with severe obesity and high SBP in the studied population. These markers can be used to identify children and adolescents at higher risk for developing atherosclerosis.

OBJETIVO Verificar la asociación entre proteína C-reactiva (PCR) y presión arterial (PA) elevada en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad. MÉTODOS Estudio transversal, realizado de abril de 2009 a abril de 2010, con 184 niños y adolescentes de 2 a 18 años, obesos o con sobrepeso, atendidos en el Centro de Obesidad Infantil. Se realizó la clasificación del estado nutricional por medio del índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se adoptó la curva del Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, clasificándose a los individuos en: sobrepeso (IMC entre percentil 85-95), obesidad (IMC entre percentil 95-97) y obesidad grave (IMC >percentil 97). Se consideraron alterados los valores de PA sistólica (PAS) y/o diastólica (PAD) ≥percentil 90 - conforme curva de clasificación de la PA para niños y adolescentes recomendada en las V Directrices Brasileñas de Hipertensión Arterial, circunferencia abdominal (CA) ≥percentil 90 - conforme a la curva establecida por el National Cholesterol Education Program, y PCR ultrasensible (PCR-us) >3mg/dL. Para evaluar la asociación de valores inadecuados de PCR entre los grupos, se utilizaron la prueba del chi-cuadrado y análisis de variancia. Los análisis fueron realizados en la versión 17.0 del programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, adoptándose nivel de significancia de 5%. RESULTADOS De los evaluados, el 66,3% eran del sexo femenino, el 63,5% no blancos, el 64,1% tenían obesidad grave, el 78,3% presentaban CA alterada y el 70,6%, PA elevada. Se verificó la asociación significante de los niveles aumentados de PCR con CA alterada e IMC ≥percentil 97. En los adolescentes, la PCR aumentada se asoció a la PAS elevada. Los valores medianos de la PCR fueron superiores en los individuos que presentaron PAS elevada. CONCLUSIONES Valores inadecuados de PCR-us se asociaron a la obesidad grave y a la PAS elevada en la población estudiada. Es posible utilizar esos marcadores para identificar a niños y adolescentes con mayor riesgo de desarrollar aterosclerosis.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a relação entre a concentração de ácido úrico sérico de acordo com a presença ou não de esteatose hepática não alcoólica e/ou síndrome metabólica (SM) em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal desenvolvido no período de abril/2009 a março/2010, incluindo 129 crianças e adolescentes atendidos no Centro de Obesidade Infantil. Foi realizada antropometria, aferição da pressão arterial, dosagem dos exames laboratoriais e o diagnóstico de esteatose hepática por exame ultrassonográfico. Para o diagnóstico de SM, foram utilizados os critérios da National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III adaptados para faixa etária. Para avaliação da associação do ácido úrico com os grupos, foi realizado o teste do Qui-quadrado ou Fisher, adotando-se o intervalo de confiança de 95%. Para comparação de médias, utilizou-se o ANOVA One Way. Para o ajuste das variáveis foi utilizada a regressão logística múltipla. Os dados foram processados no SPSS versão 17. RESULTADOS: Níveis elevados de ácido úrico associaram-se significativamente à adolescência, SM e pressão arterial sistólica. O maior quartil de ácido úrico apresentou valores médios significativamente mais elevados de índice de massa corpórea, circunferência abdominal, pressão arterial sistólica, pressão arterial diastólica, triglicerídeos, colesterol total e HOMA-IR, e menor média do colesterol HDL. No modelo final só permaneceram associadas aos níveis de ácido úrico a faixa etária e a presença de síndrome metabólica. CONCLUSÕES: Níveis elevados de ácido úrico estiveram associados à síndrome metabólica e à adolescência, o que não foi observado com a esteatose hepática.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between serum uric acid concentration according to the presence or absence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and/or metabolic syndrome (MS) in overweight or obese children and adolescents. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from April of 2009 to March of 2010, including 129 children and adolescents treated at the Center for Childhood Obesity. Anthropometric data, blood pressure measurements, and laboratory test results were obtained, and NAFLD diagnosis was made by ultrasound. The diagnosis of MS was made using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III, adapted to age range. The chi-squared test or or Fisher's test were used to evaluate the association of uric acid with the groups, with a 95% confidence interval. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparison of means. Multiple logistic regression was used for adjustment of variables. The data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), release 17. RESULTS: High levels of uric acid were significantly associated with adolescence, MS, and systolic blood pressure. The highest quartile of uric acid showed significantly higher values of body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and homeostatic model assessment index (HOMA-IR), and lower mean values of HDL cholesterol. In the final model, only age range and the presence of MS remained associated with uric acid levels. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of uric acid were associated with MS and adolescence, which was not observed with NAFLD.

As isatinas e os 1H-1,2,3-triazóis são duas classes de compostos com grande destaque na síntese orgânica e na química medicinal uma vez que são núcleos heterociclos com elevada reatividade, que permitem a obtenção de diversos compostos com importantes propriedades biológicas. Neste artigo, a síntese de novos 5`-(4-alquil/aril-1H-1,2,3-triazóis)-isatina via reação de cicloadição 1,3-dipolar catalisada por ácido acético é descrita.

Isatin and 1H-1,2,3-triazoles are two classes of compounds with great prominence in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry as they are heterocycle nuclei with a high reactivity allowing to obtain several compounds with important biological properties. Herein, the synthesis of novel 5'-(4-alquil/aril-1H-1,2,3-triazole)-isatin via reaction of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition catalyzed by acetic acid is reported.

This work shows the results of a Proficiency Testing performed by a partnership between INMETRO and ANP. The performance of 49 Brazilian laboratories (using the z-score statistical test) in determining 10 quality parameters of ethanol fuel and biodiesel was evaluated. The certified reference values were provided by INMETRO, allowing a more rigorous assessment of the laboratories. For hydrous ethanol, the acidity parameter showed the lowest number of laboratories with satisfactory results (48%), while 85% of the laboratories presented satisfactory results for ethanol content. For biodiesel, the percentage of laboratories with satisfactory results ranged from 46% (kinematic viscosity) to 92% (acid number).