In this study, we investigated the expression and activity of liver cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and praziquantel (PZQ) kinetics in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Swiss Webster (SW) mice of both genders were infected (100 cercariae) on postnatal day 10 and killed on post-infection days (PIDs) 30 or 55. Non-infected mice of the same age and sex served as controls. Regardless of mouse sex, infection depressed the activities of CYP1A [ethoxy/methoxy-resorufin-O-dealkylases (EROD/MROD)], 2B9/10 [pentoxy/benzyloxy-resorufin-O-dealkylases (PROD, BROD)], 2E1 [p-nitrophenol-hydroxylase (PNPH)] and 3A11 [erythromycin N-demethylase (END)] on PID 55 but not on PID 30. On PID 55, infection decreased liver CYP mRNA levels (real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). On PID 30, whereas mRNA levels remained unaltered in males, they were depressed in females. Plasma PZQ (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally) levels were measured (high-performance liquid chromatography) at different post-treatment intervals. In males and females, infection delayed the PZQ clearance on PID 55, but not on PID 30. Therefore, it can be concluded that schistosomiasis down-modulated CYP expression and activity and delayed PZQ clearance on PID 55, when a great number of parasite eggs were lodged in the liver. On PID 30, when egg-laying was initiated by the worms, no change of CYP expression and activity was found, except for a depression of CYP1A2 and 3A11 mRNAs in female mice.

A simple and more environmentally friendly method by combined spot test-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determining metoclopramide in pharmaceutical formulations is described. The method is based on the reaction between metoclopramide and p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, in the presence of HCl, producing a colored compound (λmáx = 580 nm) on the filter paper. The linear range was from 5.65 x 10-4-6.21x10-3 mol L-1 (r = 0.999). The limit of detection was 1.27 x 10-4 mol L-1. The proposed reflectometric method was applied successfully to the determination of metoclopramide in pharmaceuticals and it was favorably compared with the Brazilian or British Pharmacopoeia methods at 95% confidence level.

Hypothermia is a common event in the perioperative period. This study aimed to identify the frequency of hypothermia in adult patients in the immediate postoperative period and the nursing interventions implemented in its treatment in the post-anesthesia recovery room (PARR). For data analysis, an instrument was organized and then subject to apparent and content validation. The sample consisted of 30 patients who were followed up since their arrival in the unit until hospital discharge. The average body temperature of patients when arriving at PARR was 35.5ºC. 66% of the investigated patients presented hypothermia. The use of wool blankets with cotton bed sheets was the passive cutaneous warming method most used by the nursing team, and only 6.7% of the patients used the forced-air warming system, a method asserted by the literature as effective in the treatment of hypothermia in the immediate postoperative period.

La hipotermia es un caso común en el peri-quirúrgico. El estudio tuvo como objetivos identificar la frecuencia de hipotermia en el paciente adulto en el posoperatorio inmediato y las intervenciones de enfermería implementadas para su tratamiento en la sala de recuperación pos anestésico (SRPA). Para recoger los datos fue elaborado un instrumento, sometido a validación aparente y de contenido. La muestra fue constituida por 30 pacientes, que fueron acompañados desde la llegada a la unidad hasta dados de alta. La temperatura corporal promedio de los pacientes al llegar en la SRPA fue de 35,5°C, siendo que el 66,6% de los pacientes investigados presentaron hipotermia. El uso de manta de lana con sábana de algodón fue el método pasivo de calentamiento cutáneo más utilizado por el equipo de enfermería, siendo que apenas el 6,7% de los pacientes utilizaron el sistema de aire forzado calentado comprobado en la literatura como método eficaz para el tratamiento de la hipotermia en el posoperatorio inmediato.

A hipotermia é um evento comum no perioperatório. O estudo teve como objetivos identificar a freqüência de hipotermia no paciente adulto no pós-operatório imediato e as intervenções de enfermagem implementadas para o seu tratamento na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA). Para a coleta de dados elaboramos um instrumento que foi submetido à validação aparente e de conteúdo. A amostra foi constituída de 30 pacientes que foram acompanhados desde a chegada na unidade até a alta. A temperatura corporal média dos pacientes na chegada na SRPA foi de 35,5°C, sendo que 66,6% dos pacientes investigados apresentaram hipotermia. O uso de cobertor de lã com lençol de algodão foi o método passivo de aquecimento cutâneo mais adotado pela equipe de enfermagem, sendo que apenas 6,7% dos pacientes utilizaram o sistema de ar forçado aquecido comprovadamente na literatura como método eficaz para o tratamento da hipotermia no pós-operatório imediato.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir as atuais tendências didático-pedagógicas para o ensino de geometria na educação básica, tomando como foco o trabalho que vem sendo desenvolvido por um grupo de estudos e pesquisas sobre esse campo de saber, na Universidade São Francisco (Itatiba, SP). Para esta discussão selecionamos uma tarefa exploratório-investigativa envolvendo os conceitos de área e perímetro do quadrado, elaborada de modo colaborativo no grupo e aplicada por alguns de seus participantes em suas respectivas salas de aula. Destacamos uma dessas experiências, realizada numa turma de 7ª série, sob responsabilidade da professora de matemática Luci Mara, participante do grupo e co-autora deste artigo. A análise compartilhada desta experiência no grupo evidenciou a importância de considerar como válidas as diferentes formas que os alunos encontram para registrar e argumentar sobre suas estratégias, hipóteses e conclusões.

This article aims at analyzing the present didactic and pedagogical trends for geometry teaching in elementary education, focusing on the work being developed by a study and research group on this knowledge field, at Universidade de São Francisco, a university in Itatiba, São Paulo. For this analysis, an exploring and investigatory task was selected. It involves the concepts of area and perimeter in a square. The task was developed cooperatively by the group and applied by some of its members, in their classrooms. We took a closer look at one of these experiences, carried out in a class of 7th graders from elementary school, under the responsibility of mathematics teacher Luci Mara, a member of the group and one of the authors of this article. The shared analysis of this experience in the group has highlighted the importance of considering the students' different ways of recording and discussing about their strategies, hypotheses and conclusions.