ABSTRACT Soil compaction negatively impacts soil physical functions, affecting root growth and crop yield. This study aimed to evaluate different soybean cultivars’ agronomic and physiological performance as a function of compaction in Rhodic Ferralsol under no-tillage (NT) with a clay loam texture in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. The experiment was implemented in Rio Verde, Goias state, central Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with a 3x2 factorial scheme with six replications. The first factor corresponded to three soybean cultivars from different maturity groups (MG) identified as super-early (MG = 6.2); early (MG = 6.8), and medium (MG = 7.9). The second factor was the cultivation in compacted and uncompacted soil. The experiment evaluated the soil physical properties: bulk density, total porosity, water content at matric potential -6 kPa, aeration capacity and water and air holding capacity in 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m layers, agronomic and physiological traits (gas exchange). Soil compaction negatively affected the agronomic traits of soybean cultivars, with better performance of the medium cycle cultivar. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates were reduced up to 50% under compaction and were not influenced by cultivars. Our findings suggest that soil compaction negatively affected the performance of soybean cultivars with lower maturity groups reflecting in lower plant height, shoot and root dry mass, number of pods and grain yield. The choice of soybean cultivars with a longer cycle can be an alternative to minimize the adverse effects of soil compaction.

Resumen Objetivo. La investigación busca radiografiar cómo se expresan las interacciones entre el adultocentrismo y el ejercicio del protagonismo de las infancias en contextos educativos. Método. El diseño metodológico asume elementos derivados de la investigación acción participante por medio de estrategias dialógicas de producción de información, como las técnicas espaciales gráficas, teatro social, grupos de discusión y, en el caso de la adultez, las entrevistas. Participaron de este estudio 21 personas, 4 docentes y 15 estudiantes de entre 10 y 12 años, pertenecientes a un centro educativo en Chile. Las dimensiones de análisis fueron: adultocentrismo, protagonismo de las infancias, relaciones entre la adultez y la niñez, y diversidad de género. El análisis de datos se basó en el proceso de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, permitió la emergencia de nuevas categorías. Resultados. Los principales hallazgos del estudio, dan cuenta de una categoría principal, la interacción entre adultocentrismo y protagonismo, la cual se expresa en 5 subcategorías, relaciones de poder, organización y toma de decisiones, diversidades, tratos y afectos, tecnologías en disputa, y perspectiva y estereotipos de género. Conclusiones y recomendaciones. La investigación promueve en el ámbito educativo prácticas áulicas más abiertas y democráticas, que permiten, al personal docente, generar un trabajo colaborativo co-construido y situado, a fin de favorecer la autonomía de niñas y niños. En sus implicancias prácticas, esta investigación permite considerar las opiniones de las infancias en la elaboración de los planes que deben implementar las escuelas en Chile, como el de convivencia escolar y formación ciudadana.

Resumo Objetivo. A pesquisa procura radiografar como as interações entre o adultocentrismo e o exercício do protagonismo da infância se expressam em contextos educacionais. Método. O desenho metodológico pressupõe elementos derivados da Pesquisa-Ação Participante por meio de estratégias dialógicas de produção de informação, como técnicas espaciais gráficas, teatro social, grupos de discussão e, no caso da idade adulta, entrevistas. Participaram deste estudo 21 pessoas, 4 professores e 15 estudantes entre 10 e 12 anos, pertencentes a um centro educacional no Chile. As dimensões de análise foram: adultocentrismo, protagonismo da infância, relações entre vida adulta e infância e diversidade de gênero. A análise dos dados baseou-se no processo de codificação aberta, axial e seletiva, permitindo o surgimento de no-vas categorias. Resultados. Os principais resultados do estudo dão conta de uma categoria principal, a interação entre adultocentrismo e protagonismo, que se expressa em 5 subcatego-rias, Relações de poder, organização e tomada de decisões, diversidades, tratamento e afetos, tecnologias em disputa e perspectiva e estereótipos de gênero. Conclusões e recomendações. A pesquisa promove práticas de sala de aula mais abertas e democráticas no campo edu-cacional, o que permite ao corpo docente gerar um trabalho colaborativo co-construído e situ-ado, a fim de favorecer a autonomia de meninas e meninos. Em suas implicações práticas, esta pesquisa permite considerar as opiniões das crianças na elaboração dos planos que as escolas do Chile devem implementar, como a convivência escolar e a educação para a cidadania.

Abstract Aim. This research proposes deeply analyzing the interactions between adultcentrism and the exercise of childhood protagonism in educational contexts. Method. The methodological de-sign assumes elements from Participatory Action Research through dialogic strategies of in-formation production, such as graphic, spatial techniques, social theatre, discussion groups, and interviews of adults. Twenty-one people participated in this research project, four teachers and 15 students between 10 and 12 years old from a school in Chile. The dimensions of analysis were adultcentrism, protagonism of childhood, relationships between adulthood and childhood, and gender diversity. The data analysis was based on the process of open, axial, and selective coding, allowing the emergence of new categories. Results. The research findings show that the main category is the interaction between adultcentrism and protagonism. This category is expressed in 5 subcategories: power relations, organization and decision-making, diversities, treatment and affections, technologies in dispute, and perspective and gender stereotypes. Conclusions and recommendations. The research promotes more open and democratic classroom practices in the education field, allowing the teaching staff to gen-erate collaborative work co-constructed and situated to encourage childhood autonomy. In its practical implications, this research allows considering the opinions of childhood in the elaboration of the plans that schools in Chile must implement, such as school connivance and citizen training plans.

Resumo Objetivo O presente estudo buscou caracterizar o perfil clínico, histológico e imunohistoquímico de mulheres com câncer de mama invasivo segundo o risco para a Síndrome de Predisposição Hereditária ao Câncer de Mama e Ovário em uma população brasileira. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo realizado a partir de uma coorte hospitalar composta por 522 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama entre 2014 e 2016 assistidas em um centro de referência oncológica localizado na região sudeste brasileira. Resultados Entre as 430 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama invasivo que compuseram a população de estudo, 127 (29,5%) foram classificadas como de risco aumentado para a síndrome de predisposição hereditária ao câncer de mama e ovário. Verificou-se menor nível de escolaridade nas pacientes com risco aumentado (34,6%) quando comparadas àquelas consideradas como de risco habitual (46,0%). Quanto às características do tumor, as mulheres de risco aumentado apresentaram maiores percentuais de doença diagnosticada em estádio avançado (32,3%) e com tumores > 2cm (63,0%), com prevalência aumentada para ambas as características, quando comparadas àquelas de risco habitual. Ainda nas mulheres de risco aumentado, foram encontrados maiores percentuais de GH3 (43,3%) e Ki-67 ≥ 25% (64,6%), com prevalência cerca de duas vezes maior neste grupo. A presença de tumores triplo-negativos foi observada em 25,2% nas mulheres de risco aumentado e 6,0% nas mulheres de risco habitual, com prevalência de ausência de biomarcadores 2,5 vezes maior entre as mulheres do grupo de risco aumentado. Conclusão A partir dos critérios clínicos rotineiramente utilizados no diagnóstico do câncer de mama, a prática assistencial do aconselhamento genético para as pacientes com risco aumentado de câncer de mama hereditário em contextos como o do Brasil ainda é escarça.

Abstract Objective The study aimed to characterize the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical profile of women with invasive breast cancer, according to the risk for Hereditary Predisposition Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome in a Brazilian population. Methods This is a retrospective study performed from a hospital-based cohort of 522 women, diagnosed with breast cancer treated at an oncology referral center in the Southeast region of Brazil, between 2014 and 2016. Results Among the 430 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer who composed the study population, 127 (29.5%) were classified as at increased risk for hereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. There was a lower level of education in patients at increased risk (34.6%) when compared with those at usual risk (46.0%). Regarding tumor characteristics, women at increased risk had higher percentages of the disease diagnosed at an advanced stage (32.3%), and with tumors > 2cm (63.0%), with increased prevalence for both characteristics, when compared with those at usual risk. Furthermore, we found higher percentages of HG3 (43.3%) and Ki-67 ≥ 25% (64.6%) in women at increased risk, with prevalence being about twice as high in this group. The presence of triple-negative tumors was observed as 25.2% in women at increased risk and 6.0% in women at usual risk, with the prevalence of absence of biomarkers being 2.5 times higher among women in the increased risk group. Conclusion From the clinical criteria routinely used in the diagnosis of breast cancer, the care practice of genetic counseling for patients at increased risk of hereditary breast cancer in contexts such as Brazil is still scarce.

ABSTRACT. The succession of soybean/maize has been largely adopted. Storm damage and crop problems can lead to grain loss, generating maize ear fragments or even whole ears that remain in the soil and still display germination viability, resulting in the occurrence of volunteer plants. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the interference of voluntary maize plants on soybean and investigate the susceptibility of maize hybrids to pre-emergence herbicides. In the first step, an experiment was performed evaluating the influence of voluntary maize plant density and spatial distribution on soybean. The experiment was performed in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with four replications, with treatments disposed in factorial arrangement (2 x 4) + 1. The first factor corresponded to the spatial distribution of maize plants: row or in between soybean rows; while the second factor adopted four infestation densities of maize plants m-2: 4, 8, 12, and 16. The additional treatment consisted of a control without maize plants. For the second step, an experiment was conducted in two locations aiming to determine the efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides in the control of voluntary maize. Both experiments were installed in RCBD in a split-plot scheme with four replications. Fomesafen, lactofen, sulfentrazone, chlorimuron-ethyl, diclosulam, flumetsulam, imazethapyr, clomazone, metribuzin, [sulfentrazone + diuron], [imazethapyr + flumioxazin], and a control without herbicide application were evaluated in the main plot. In each subplot, the maize hybrids DKB310 PRO3™ and DKB390 PRO3™ were evaluated. No influence on the position of voluntary maize on the soybean yield was observed. The presence of the maize population led to a progressive decrease in soybean yield, ranging up to 86%, at 16 plants m-2. DKB390 displayed a stand reduction of 82.88% after the use of diclosulam. Diclosulam led to better results regarding maize plant decreases for both hybrids.

Resumen: Introducción: la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs es una técnica quirúrgica especializada para el tratamiento del cáncer de piel no melanoma. La histopatología cumple un rol fundamental, y la elección de la tinción es un punto de controversia. Objetivos: comparar el rendimiento de las tinciones de hematoxilina y eosina (HyE) versus azul de toluidina (AT) durante la cirugía. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal a partir de noviembre de 2017 hasta mayo de 2018. Se incluyeron las láminas empleadas durante la cirugía en el período mencionado. Estas fueron analizadas por el cirujano de Mohs, tres residentes y una dermopatóloga. Se valoró el rendimiento de ambas tinciones, teniendo en cuenta las características celulares y los elementos del estroma. Resultados: se estudiaron 23 tumores (16 carcinomas basocelulares y 7 carcinomas espinocelulares). Al observarse al microscopio óptico tanto con la tinción de AT como con HyE no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en lo global, sólo en algunas características, especialmente con la HyE. Conclusiones: es el primer trabajo en Uruguay que compara la eficacia de las dos tinciones durante la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs. Como conclusión tanto la tinción de HyE como el AT son muy buenas técnicas para el diagnóstico de carcinomas cutáneos.

Abstract: Introduction: Mohs micrographic surgery is a specialized surgical technique used to treat nonmelanoma carcinoma. Histopathology plays a vital role in the diagnosis of this condition, and the choice staining method is controversial. Objective: to compare results in the use of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) versus Toluidine blue (TB) staining during surgery. Method: observational, descriptive and transversal study conducted from November, 2017 until May, 2018 of the slides used during surgeries in the selected period. Slides were analysed by the Mohs surgeon, 3 residents and a dermopathologist to evaluate the results of both staining methods, in consideration of cell features and stromal elements. Results: 23 tumors were analysed (16 Basal Cell carcinomas and 7 Squamous Cell Carcinoma). Microscopic observation of slides prepared with Toluidine blue and hematoxylin and eosin stains did not show significant global differences between both groups, except in terms of a few characteristics, in particular with hematoxylin and eosin stains. Conclusions: this was the first study in Uruguay to evaluate the effectiveness of both staining methods during Mohs micrographic surgery, and it concluded that both Toluidine blue and hematoxylin and eosin stains are very good techniques in evaluating skin-cancer.

Resumo: Introdução: a cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs é uma técnica cirúrgica especializada para o tratamento do câncer de pele não melanoma. A histopatologia desempenha um papel fundamental, onde a escolha da coloração é um ponto de controvérsia. Objetivos: comparar o desempenho das colorações de hematoxilina e eosina versus azul de toluidina durante a cirurgia. Método: estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal de novembro de 2017 a maio de 2018. Foram incluídas as lâminas utilizadas durante as cirurgias no referido período. Estas foram analisadas pelo cirurgião especializado na técnica de Mohs, 3 residentes e um dermatopatologista onde foi avaliado o desempenho de ambas as colorações, levando em consideração as características celulares e os elementos do estroma. Resultados: foram estudados 23 tumores (16 carcinomas basocelulares e 7 carcinomas espinocelulares). Quando observados ao microscópio de luz para coloração AT e H&E, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos em geral, apenas em algumas características, especialmente com o H&E. Conclusões: é o primeiro estudo no Uruguai que compara a eficácia dos 2 corantes durante a cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs. Em conclusão, tanto a coloração com hematoxilina e eosina quanto com azul de toluidina são técnicas muito boas para o diagnóstico de carcinomas de pele.

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF) es una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica, caracterizada por trombosis recurrente, que puede afectar la circulación arterial y venosa. Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias inmunológicas y farmacológicas, así como los desenlaces clínicos de una cohorte de pacientes con SAF primario y secundario. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó 352 pacientes con diagnóstico de SAF atendidos entre los arios 2014 y 2018. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas e inmunológicas y se realizó un análisis univariado y un análisis bivariado mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado para determinar diferencias entre los pacientes con SAF primario y SAF secundario. Finalmente, se hizo un análisis multivariado para buscar asociaciones con los desenlaces clínicos trombóticos en los pacientes con SAF. Resultados: La edad promedio de la población fue de 42,4 ± 14 años; el 84,6% correspondió a sexo femenino. El 67,6% de los pacientes tenía diagnóstico de SAF primario y un 32,4% de SAF secundario, siendo el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) la enfermedad asociada en un 84%. Dentro de los eventos trombóticos, el más frecuente fue la trombosis venosa profunda (17,3%), seguida por el ataque cerebrovascular (9,9%). En los eventos obstétricos existió una prevalencia del 39,4% para abortos. No se encontraron diferencias en el perfil sociodemográfico ni en el perfil inmunoserológico entre los pacientes con diagnóstico de SAF primario y aquellos con SAF secundario. Los eventos trombóticos tuvieron mayor frecuencia en el grupo de SAF primario, pero solo la tromboembolia pulmonar alcanzó significación estadística. Eventos obstétricos como los abortos no fueron diferentes entre ambos grupos. Dentro de los factores asociados a los eventos trombóticos, se encontró que el sexo femenino tiene una probabilidad 5 veces mayor de accidente cerebrovascular y 3 veces mayor de trombosis venosa profunda. Los anti- β2GPI tipo IgM aumentaron alrededor de 3 veces la probabilidad de presentar abortos en mujeres con SAF. Conclusión: Se presenta una de las cohortes colombianas más grandes de pacientes con SAF reportadas hasta el momento en la literatura. La población es comparable clínica y sociodemográficamente con lo encontrado en otros estudios, aunque la prevalencia de SAF primario fue mayor y las complicaciones trombóticas fueron menores. La tromboembolia pulmonar fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de SAF primario.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent thrombosis that can affect the arterial and venous circulation. Objective: To analyze the immunological and pharmacological differences, as well as the clinical outcomes of a cohort of patients with primary APS and secondary APS. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted that included 352 records of patients diagnosed with APS and treated between 2014 and 2018. A description is presented of the sociodemographic, clinical, and immunological profile of the population. A bivariate analysis performed using the chi-squared test to determine differences between groups with primary APS and secondary APS, and finally a multivariate analysis to search for associations with thrombotic clinical outcomes in patients with APS. Results: The mean age was 42.4 ± 14 years, and 84.6% were females. Two-thirds (67.6%) of the patients had a diagnosis of primary APS, and 32.4% of secondary APS, of which 84% were associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Among the thrombotic events, the most frequent were deep vein thrombosis (17.3%) and stroke (9.9%). Obstetric events were frequent, with a prevalence of 39.4% for miscarriages. No differences were found in the sociodemographic or immunoserological profile when comparing the group of primary vs. secondary APS. Thrombotic events were more frequent in the primary APS group, although only pulmonary embolism reached statistical significance. There were no differences between the two groups as regards obstetric events, such as miscarriages. Women were found to be 5 times more likely to have a stroke and 3 times more to have deep vein thrombosis. The anti-β2GPI type IgM increased the probability of presenting miscarriages about 3 times in women with APS. Conclusion: The study contains one of the largest Colombian cohorts with APS reported so far, and although it is both clinically and sociodemographically similar to other cohorts, there is a higher prevalence of primary APS. There was a lower frequency of thrombotic complications compared to other cohorts. Patients with primary APS had a tendency to develop thrombosis, as has already been reported in the literature.

Resumen Objetivos: La etiología de la disgenesia gonadal y el síndrome ovotesticular se desconoce en la mayoría de los casos. Para realizar la caracterización citogenética y molecular de un grupo de pacientes con síndrome ovotesticular y disgenesia gonadal completa a partir de muestras de sangre periférica y tejido gonadal. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron un total de 6 pacientes, 3 con diagnóstico de síndrome ovotesticular 46, XX, uno diagnosticado con 46, XY síndrome ovotesticular; uno con sospecha de disgenesia gonadal 46, XX y otro con disgenesia gonadal completa 46, XY. Resultados: Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados con cariotipo, hibridación in situ fluorescente (FISH) para SRY, amplificación de sonda dependiente de ligación múltiple (MLPA) e hibridación genómica comparativa (aCGH) en muestras de sangre periférica. En los casos con tejido gonadal disponible, los niveles de expresión genética de SOX3, SRY y SOX9 se determinaron mediante PCR en tiempo real e inmunofluorescencia. Se descartaron reordenamientos relacionados con el gen SRY. No se detectaron deleciones/duplicaciones o variaciones en el número de copias (NVC) como etiología del trastorno del desarrollo sexual en ninguno de los pacientes estudiados. En un caso de síndrome ovotesticular 46, XX, el cariotipo gonadal era diferente del cariotipo en sangre periférica. Se observó expresión aberrante de SOX3 y SOX9 en tejido gonadal de un caso con síndrome ovotesticular 46, XX. Conclusiones: Se documentaron niveles más bajos de expresión de SRY y SOX9 en comparación con los niveles en líneas celulares humanas de testículo embrionario y Sertoli en el tejido gonadal de un caso con síndrome ovotesticular 46, XY. Los estudios citogenéticos y moleculares de las gónadas como complemento del estudio de sangre periférica tienen el potencial de enriquecer la comprensión de los trastornos del desarrollo sexual en pacientes que son XX o XY en sangre periférica.

Abstract Objectives: The etiology of gonadal dysgenesis and ovotesticular syndrome is unknown in a majority of cases. The aim of the study was to perform cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a group of patients with ovotesticular syndrome and complete gonadal dysgenesis from peripheral blood and gonadal tissue samples. Materials and methods: A total of 6 patients were included, 3 with diagnosis of 46,XX ovotesticular syndrome, one diagnosed with 46,XY ovotesticular syndrome; one with suspected 46,XX gonadal dysgenesis, and one with 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis. Results: All patients were evaluated with karyotype, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for SRY, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on peripheral blood samples. In cases with available gonadal tissue, the levels of genetic expression of SOX3, SRY, and SOX9 were determined through real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. Rearrangements involving SRY gene were ruled out. No deletions/duplications or copy-number variations (CNV) were detected as the etiology for sexual development disorder in any of the patients studied. In a case of 46,XX ovotesticular syndrome, the gonadal karyotype was different from the karyotype in peripheral blood. Aberrant expression of SOX3 and SOX9 in gonadal tissue of a case with 46,XX ovotesticular syndrome was observed. Conclusions: Lower levels of expression of SRY and SOX9 compared to the levels in human cellular lines of embryonic testicle and Sertoli were documented in the gonadal tissue of a case with 46,XY ovotesticular syndrome. Cytogenetic and molecular studies of the gonads as a complement to peripheral blood study have the potential to enrich the understanding of sexual development disorders in patients who are XX or XY in peripheral blood.

Resumen La interrupción de los procesos de determinación o diferenciación sexual por cualquier factor genético o ambiental puede resultar en un trastorno del desarrollo sexual (TDS) con discordancia entre el sexo cromosómico, gonadal y anatómico. Dicha discordancia tendrá diferentes expresiones en el fenotipo, incluidas anomalías en los genitales internos y/o genitales externos. Material y métodos: Con la finalidad de actualizar conceptos relacionados con TDS con cariotipo 46,XX sin alteraciones numéricas o estructurales, se realizó una búsqueda de información de los últimos 10 años en los que se describen tres subcategorías: trastornos del desarrollo gonadal (ovárico), trastornos relacionados con el exceso androgénico y otras anomalías (atresia vaginal, extrofia cloacal, anomalías uterinas y adherencias labiales). Conclusión: La gran variabilidad de las manifestaciones fenotípicas en este tipo de TDS puede crear confusión en los enfoques diagnósticos guiados por los hallazgos clínicos. Esta variabilidad de presentación, junto con la falta de conocimiento de la fisiopatología, puede contribuir a diagnósticos tardíos o no concluyentes. Por estas razones, profundizar en el conocimiento de las causas y manifestaciones clínicas redundará en el bienestar del paciente y su familia.

Abstract Disruption of the processes of sexual determination or sexual differentiation by any genetic or environmental factor may result in a disorder of sexual development (DSD) with discordance among chromosomal, gonadal, and anatomical sex. Materials and methods: In order to update concepts related to DSD with 46,XX karyotype without numeric or structural abnormalities, a search of information was carried out for the last 10 years in which three subcategories are described: Disorders of gonadal (ovarian) development, Disorders related to androgenic excess and other abnormalities (vaginal atresia, cloacal exstrophy, uterine abnormalities and labial adhesions). Conclusion: The great variability of phenotypical manifestations in this kind of DSD may create confusion in diagnostic approaches guided by clinical findings. This presentation variability, paired with a lack of knowledge of the pathophysiology, can contribute to delayed or non-conclusive diagnoses. For these reasons, deepening the knowledge of the causes and clinical manifestations of this class of clinical conditions will result in the well-being of the patient and his family.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of post mortem laboratory analysis in identifying the causes of hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease in deaths by arbovirus infection. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study based on the differential analysis and final outcome obtained in patients whose samples underwent laboratory testing for arboviruses at the Pathology Center of the Adolfo Lutz Institute, in São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS Of the 1355 adults clinically diagnosed with hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease, the most commonly attributed cause of death and the most common final outcome was dengue fever. Almost half of the samples tested negative on all laboratory tests conducted. CONCLUSION The failure to identify the causative agent in a great number of cases highlights a gap in the diagnosis of deaths of unknown etiology. Additional immunohistochemical and molecular assessments need to be added to the post-mortem protocol if all laboratory evaluations performed fail to identify a causative agent. While part of our findings may be due to technical issues related to sample fixation, better information availability when making the initial diagnosis is crucial. Including molecular approaches might lead to a significant advancement in diagnostic accuracy.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of post mortem laboratory analysis in identifying the causes of hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease in deaths by arbovirus infection. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study based on the differential analysis and final outcome obtained in patients whose samples underwent laboratory testing for arboviruses at the Pathology Center of the Adolfo Lutz Institute, in São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS Of the 1355 adults clinically diagnosed with hemorrhagic fever and/or neuroinvasive disease, the most commonly attributed cause of death and the most common final outcome was dengue fever. Almost half of the samples tested negative on all laboratory tests conducted. CONCLUSION The failure to identify the causative agent in a great number of cases highlights a gap in the diagnosis of deaths of unknown etiology. Additional immunohistochemical and molecular assessments need to be added to the post-mortem protocol if all laboratory evaluations performed fail to identify a causative agent. While part of our findings may be due to technical issues related to sample fixation, better information availability when making the initial diagnosis is crucial. Including molecular approaches might lead to a significant advancement in diagnostic accuracy.

Resumo (analítico) En vista de la escasez de trabajos que aborden la participación de niñas y mujeres en el crimen, nuestro objetivo es presentar un estudio de caso de delincuencia femenina, extraído de los resultados parciales de la investigación «Curso de vida y trayectoria delincuente: un estudio exploratorio de eventos y narrativas de jóvenes vulnerables». Usaremos la perspectiva teórica del psicoanálisis para analizar el Plan de Servicio Individual, la entrevista semiestructurada y la narrativa memorialista de una joven que llamamos Cecilia, en honor a la poeta brasileña Cecilia Meireles. Es una mujer morena que sufrió abusos sexuales en la infancia, se convirtió en madre en la adolescencia y asesinó a sus parejas por participar en delitos. También enredada en la criminalidad, busca refugio y orientación en una religión afro.

Abstract (analytical) In view of the scarcity of works that deal with the involvement of girls and women with crime, we aim to present a case study of female delinquency, extracted from the partial results of the research «Life course and delinquent trajectory: an exploratory study of events and narratives of vulnerable young people». We will use the theoretical perspective of psychoanalysis in order to analyze the Individual Service Plan, the semi-structured interview and the Narrative Memoir of a young woman we call Cecilia, in honor of the Brazilian poet Cecilia Meireles. It is a brown woman who was sexually abused in childhood, became a mother in adolescence and had her partners killed for involvement in crime. Also entangled in criminality, she seeks refuge and guidance in an Afro religion.

Resumen (analítico) Diante da escassez de trabalhos que tratam do envolvimento de meninas e mulheres com o crime, objetivamos a apresentação de um estudo de caso de delinquência feminina, extraído dos resultados parciais da pesquisa «Curso de vida e trajetória delinquencial: um estudo exploratório dos eventos e narrativas de jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade». Utilizaremos a perspectiva teórica da psicanálise a fim de analisar o Plano Individual de Atendimento, a entrevista semiestruturada e a Narrativa Memorialística de uma jovem que denominamos Cecilia, em homenagem à poetisa brasileira Cecilia Meireles. Trata-se de uma mulher parda, que foi abusada sexualmente na infância, se tornou mãe na adolescência e teve seus parceiros mortos pelo envolvimento com o crime. Enredada também na criminalidade, ela busca refúgio e orientação em uma religião afro.

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was investígate the reasons for the demand for these services by users rated on two non-urgent emergency care units of a medium-sized municipality of São Paulo. Methodology Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 756 individuals who sought the services of emergency care units and, of these, 417 (55%) users were classified as non-urgent risk and were eligible for the study. Results It was observed six major categories of motives among that seeking care in emergency care units: lack of infrastructure of the nearest health unit; perception of pain and symptoms of emergency; home/work proximity; takes care of scheduling and primary health care; quality of care in the emergency care units; habit of attending services. These categories were grouped into four themes concerning: a) perception of urgency; b) convenience; c) difficulty of access and d) quality of service. Conclusion It was concluded from these findings the need to strengthen primary care system in order to ensure facilitated access for users and better resolution of cases that can be seen treated in this level, in conjunction with the entire network of health care.

RESUMEN Objetivo Investigar las razones por las cuales usuarios clasificados como riesgos "no urgentes" buscan servicios de urgencia en dos lugares de pronto atención de un municipio de meso porte del Estado de São Paulo. Metodología Los datos cualitativos, utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido, fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevistas semiestruturadas con 756 individuos que buscaron atención en dos servicios de pronto atención. De estos, 417 (55%) fueron clasificados con riesgo no urgentes y elegibles para el estudio. Resultados Se destacaron seis categorías principales de razones para la búsqueda de atención en los servicios de pronto atención: falta de infraestructura de la unidad de salud más cercana; percepción de dolor y síntomas de emergencia; proximidad entre la casa y el trabajo; retraso para agendar cita y lograr atendimiento en la atención primaria; calidad de atendimiento en los servicios de pronto atención; hábito de asistir a los servicios. Las categorías fueron agrupadas en cuatro ejes temáticos referentes a; a) percepción de urgencia; b) comodidad; c) dificultad de acceso y d) calidad del servicio. Conclusión Se concluye a partir de estos hallazgos que es necesario fortalecer cada vez más la atención básica a fin de garantizarles a los usuarios un acceso que les facilite una mayor resolución de los casos que pueden ser atendidos en este seguimiento, en conexión con toda la red de atención a la salud.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar os motivos para procura dos serviços de urgência por usuários classificados com risco não urgente em duas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento de um município de médio porte do Estado de São Paulo. Metodologia Os dados qualitativos, utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo, foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 756 indivíduos que procuraram os serviços das Unidades de Pronto Atendimento. Destes, 417 (55%) foram classificados com risco não urgentes e elegíveis para o estudo. Resultados Foram detectadas seis categorias principais de motivos para a busca de atendimento nas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento: falta de infraestrutura da unidade de saúde mais próximo; percepção de dor e sintomas de emergência; proximidade casa/trabalho; demora de agendamento e atendimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde; qualidade do atendimento nas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento; hábito de frequentar o serviço. Tais categorias foram agrupadas em quatro eixos temáticos referentes a: a) percepção de urgência; b) comodidade; c) dificuldade de acesso; d) qualidade do serviço. Conclusão Conclui-se a partir destes achados a necessidade de se fortalecer cada vez mais a atenção básica a fim de garantir acesso facilitado aos usuários e maior resolutividade dos casos que podem ser atendidos neste seguimento, em articulação com toda a rede de atenção à saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was investígate the reasons for the demand for these services by users rated on two non-urgent emergency care units of a medium-sized municipality of São Paulo. Methodology Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 756 individuals who sought the services of emergency care units and, of these, 417 (55%) users were classified as non-urgent risk and were eligible for the study. Results It was observed six major categories of motives among that seeking care in emergency care units: lack of infrastructure of the nearest health unit; perception of pain and symptoms of emergency; home/work proximity; takes care of scheduling and primary health care; quality of care in the emergency care units; habit of attending services. These categories were grouped into four themes concerning: a) perception of urgency; b) convenience; c) difficulty of access and d) quality of service. Conclusion It was concluded from these findings the need to strengthen primary care system in order to ensure facilitated access for users and better resolution of cases that can be seen treated in this level, in conjunction with the entire network of health care.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar os motivos para procura dos serviços de urgência por usuários classificados com risco não urgente em duas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento de um município de médio porte do Estado de São Paulo. Metodologia Os dados qualitativos, utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo, foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 756 indivíduos que procuraram os serviços das Unidades de Pronto Atendimento. Destes, 417 (55%) foram classificados com risco não urgentes e elegíveis para o estudo. Resultados Foram detectadas seis categorias principais de motivos para a busca de atendimento nas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento: falta de infraestrutura da unidade de saúde mais próximo; percepção de dor e sintomas de emergência; proximidade casa/trabalho; demora de agendamento e atendimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde; qualidade do atendimento nas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento; hábito de frequentar o serviço. Tais categorias foram agrupadas em quatro eixos temáticos referentes a: a) percepção de urgência; b) comodidade; c) dificuldade de acesso; d) qualidade do serviço. Conclusão Conclui-se a partir destes achados a necessidade de se fortalecer cada vez mais a atenção básica a fim de garantir acesso facilitado aos usuários e maior resolutividade dos casos que podem ser atendidos neste seguimento, em articulação com toda a rede de atenção à saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo Investigar las razones por las cuales usuarios clasificados como riesgos "no urgentes" buscan servicios de urgencia en dos lugares de pronto atención de un municipio de meso porte del Estado de São Paulo. Metodología Los datos cualitativos, utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido, fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevistas semiestruturadas con 756 individuos que buscaron atención en dos servicios de pronto atención. De estos, 417 (55%) fueron clasificados con riesgo no urgentes y elegibles para el estudio. Resultados Se destacaron seis categorías principales de razones para la búsqueda de atención en los servicios de pronto atención: falta de infraestructura de la unidad de salud más cercana; percepción de dolor y síntomas de emergencia; proximidad entre la casa y el trabajo; retraso para agendar cita y lograr atendimiento en la atención primaria; calidad de atendimiento en los servicios de pronto atención; hábito de asistir a los servicios. Las categorías fueron agrupadas en cuatro ejes temáticos referentes a; a) percepción de urgencia; b) comodidad; c) dificultad de acceso y d) calidad del servicio. Conclusión Se concluye a partir de estos hallazgos que es necesario fortalecer cada vez más la atención básica a fin de garantizarles a los usuarios un acceso que les facilite una mayor resolución de los casos que pueden ser atendidos en este seguimiento, en conexión con toda la red de atención a la salud.