ABSTRACT Associations between root distribution and bean growth habit may contribute to the selection of genotypes adapted to restrictive environments. The present work aimed to relate and compare root distribution with the growth habit in beans. 10 bean genotypes of different growth habits (I, II and III) were evaluated for root distribution in two agricultural years (2014/15 and 2015/16). The genotypes responded similarly for the trait root distribution throughout the agricultural years, without any simple effect of the genotype x year interaction. The factors genotype and years were significant for the trait. The genotypes of a determinate habit showed significant differences compared to other genotypes (II and III), which were ascribed to their poor performance in the average of years. They include the Carioca Precoce, which showed a behavior similar to the other habits. It could be considered a “plastic” genotype under restrictive conditions. The contrasts revealed significant differences between the growth habits II vs I (2.87) and III vs I (3.64) for root distribution. The differences were also significant for grain yield. Thus, genotypes of indeterminate growth habit show greater root distribution than those of a determinate habit, regardless of the agricultural years. Therefore, they are promising for use in blocks of crosses, when the purpose is the selection of cultivars adapted to low input environments.

A utilização de técnicas adequadas de armazenamento permite a conservação da qualidade nutricional e tecnológica dos grãos por períodos prolongados. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes condições e tempos de armazenamento no caráter tempo de cocção dos grãos de feijão. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco períodos de armazenamento (0; 45; 90; 180 e 360 dias) em quatro condições de armazenamento (1: embalagem de polietileno em câmara fria; 2: embalagem de polietileno em temperatura ambiente; 3: papel em câmara fria; 4: papel em temperatura ambiente), para dois genótipos (BRS Supremo e Pérola), dispostos em fatorial 5 x 4 x 2, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foi realizado o teste de cocção para cada unidade experimental e sendo submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F. A análise de variância revelou efeito significativo para a interação tripla entre os fatores genótipo, condição de armazenamento e tempo de armazenamento (G x C x A). Em condição de câmara fria, o tempo de cocção manteve-se constante durante o período avaliado, independentemente da embalagem utilizada. O tempo de cocção dos grãos de feijão aumenta com o tempo de armazenamento em temperatura ambiente, porém, o ritmo de aumento do tempo de cocção é menor quando os grãos são armazenados em condições herméticas.

The use of appropriate storage techniques preserve the nutritional and technological quality of grain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage conditions and storage periods in bean cooking time character. The composition of treatments were five storage periods (0; 45; 90; 180 and 360 days) in four storage conditions (1: packing of polythene in cold chamber; 2: packing of polythene in environment temperature; 3: paper packing in cold chamber; 4: paper packing in environment temperature), for two genotypes (BRS Supremo and Pérola). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, as a factorial (5 x 4 x 2) arrangement, with four replications. The cooking time was determined to each experimental unit. The results were submitted to variance analysis by the F test. The variance analysis showed significance to triple interaction between genotypes, storage conditions and storage period (G x C x A). The cooking time was the same during the evaluated period, when bean grains ware stored in cold chamber, independently of storage conditions. When bean grains ware stored at environment temperature, the cooking time increases along the period; however, the rhythm of increase in cooking time is smaller when the grains are stored in hermetic conditions.

As estruturas dos principais oligossacarídeos presentes no exsudato da doença açucarada do sorgo, produzidos pelo patógeno Claviceps africana, foram caracterizadas através de espectroscopia de bombardeamento rápido de átomos-espectrometria de massa (FAB-MS) e cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa (GC-MS). Dois grupos de oligossacarídeos foram elucidados, sendo o principal formado pelos trissacarídeos 1,6-di-b-D-frutofuranosil-D-manitol e 1,5-di-b-D-frutofuranosil-D-arabitol e os dissacarídeos 1-b-D-frutofuranosil-D-manitol e 5-b-D-frutofuranosil-D-arabitol e outros grupos menos importantes de dissacarídeos e trissacarídeos. As diversidades estruturais foram elucidadas de acordo com a inter-relação biossintética de sua rota metabólica, a qual parece ser exclusiva entre os fungos produtores da doença "ergot", particularmente com relação a redução intramolecular da frutose. O oligossacarídeo 1,6-di-b-D-frutofuranosil-D- manitol, o qual inibe a germinação dos macrosporos de C. africana a uma concentração de 1 g/mL ou mais, forma juntamente com outros oligossacarídeos menos bioativos a base de uma nova estratégia para limitar as perdas na produção de sementes de híbridos de sorgo.

The structures of the principal oligosaccharides in the honeydew exudate of the sorghum ergot pathogen Claviceps africana, which has become epidemic in the Americas, have been characterized through linkage analysis using FAB-MS and GC-MS techniques, as 1,6-di-b-D-fructofuranosyl-D-mannitol and 1,5-di-b-D-fructofuranosyl-D-arabitol trisaccharides, 1-b-D-fructofuranosyl-D-mannitol and 5-b-D-fructofuranosyl-D-arabitol disaccharides and other minor disaccharides and trisaccharides. Their structural diversity is explained according to perceived biosynthetic interrelationships in pathways that appear to be unique amongst ergot fungi, particularly concerning intra-molecular reduction of fructose. The oligosaccharide, 1,6-di-b-D-fructofuranosyl-D-mannitol, which inhibits C. africana macrospore germination at a concentration in water of 1 g/mL or more, forms together with other slightly less bioactive oligosaccharides, the basis of a novel strategy to limit ergot disease losses in hybrid sorghum seed production.