ABSTRACT Introduction Gymnastics has become a viral sport thanks to home isolation and low requirements for sports venues and equipment. However, evidence is still lacking that home gymnastics can maintain physical and psychological function stability, even if performed correctly. Objective Analyze the effects of home gymnastics during covid-19 restrictions. Methods This experiment adopts the intragroup control method, five times a week for four weeks. Before and after the experiment, relevant data such as baseline physical quality, body shape, body composition, and exercise indexes are collected. The data are compared and analyzed statistically. Results Home gymnastics can effectively improve the body composition of its practitioners, improve basal metabolism, improve their body shape, improve cardiopulmonary function, and make athletes maintain good exercise ability, good lifestyle habits, and a healthy mentality. Conclusion It is recommended that teachers and interested departments actively organize students at home to perform corresponding gymnastics and use sports to ward off bad lifestyle habits and anxiety, promoting good physical and psychological function during home isolation. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción La gimnasia se ha convertido en un deporte viral gracias al aislamiento doméstico y a sus escasas necesidades de instalaciones y equipamiento deportivo. Sin embargo, todavía no hay pruebas de que la gimnasia doméstica pueda mantener la estabilidad de la función física y psicológica, incluso si se realiza correctamente. Objetivo Analizar los efectos de la gimnasia domiciliaria durante las restricciones de covid-19. Métodos Este experimento adopta el método de control intragrupo, cinco veces por semana durante cuatro semanas. Antes y después del experimento, se recogen datos relevantes como la calidad física de referencia, la forma corporal, la composición corporal y los índices de ejercicio. Los datos se comparan y se analizan estadísticamente. Resultados La gimnasia en casa puede mejorar eficazmente la composición corporal de sus practicantes, mejorar el metabolismo basal, mejorar su forma corporal, mejorar la función cardiopulmonar y hacer que los deportistas mantengan una buena capacidad de ejercicio, buenos hábitos de vida y una mentalidad saludable. Conclusión Se recomienda a los profesores y a los departamentos interesados que organicen activamente a los alumnos en casa para que realicen la gimnasia correspondiente y utilicen el deporte para alejar los malos hábitos de vida y la ansiedad, promoviendo un buen funcionamiento físico y psicológico durante el aislamiento en casa. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução A ginástica tornou-se um esporte viral graças ao isolamento doméstico e devido a suas baixas exigências para locais e equipamentos esportivos. Porém ainda faltam evidências de que a ginástica em casa possa manter a estabilidade da função física e psicológica, ainda que executada corretamente. Objetivo Analisar os efeitos da ginástica doméstica durante as restrições da covid-19. Métodos Este experimento adota o método de controle intragrupo, cinco vezes por semana durante quatro semanas. Antes e depois do experimento, os dados relevantes como qualidade física basal, forma corporal, composição corporal e índices de exercício são coletados. Os dados são comparados e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados A ginástica em casa pode efetivamente melhorar a composição corporal dos seus praticantes, melhorar o metabolismo basal, melhorar sua forma corporal, melhorar a função cardiopulmonar, e fazer com que os esportistas mantenham boa capacidade de exercício, bons hábitos de vida e mentalidade saudável. Conclusão Recomenda-se aos professores e departamentos interessados a organizarem ativamente os estudantes em casa para realizar a ginástica correspondente e usar o esporte para afastar os maus hábitos de vida e a ansiedade, promovendo uma boa função física e psicológica durante o isolamento doméstico. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Varios lagos se formaron en el área donde convergen el río Huai y el Gran Canal durante el período histórico, lo que juega un rol importante en la evolución del entorno regional. El lago Gaoyou es un importante reservorio en los segmentos bajos del río Huai. En este trabajo se analizaron las variaciones en hidrología y los cambios ambientales de la cuenca amplia con base en los grupos de polen, tamaño del grano y litología de las muestras de sedimento recolectadas en el lago Gaoyou. Este trabajo se enfoca en las variaciones de los procesos hidrodinámicos del lago Gaoyou que fueron las respuestas a los cambios del clima, los eventos hidrológicos regionales, y la actividad humana. Los altos porcentajes de polen de las hierbas terrestres y los resultados de los análisis de componentes principales sugieren que el ambiente de la China oriental fue árido entre los años 900 a 1300 DC y esto se corresponde con las condiciones de sequía del Período Cálido Medieval. El período subsecuente entre 1300 y 1650 fue más húmedo, como se revela por un incremento en el polen acuático y en el decrecimiento del tamaño del grano. Un incremento en el taxón de las hierbas xerófitas (especialmente Artemisias y Chenopodioideaes) indica que el clima se tornó arido de nuevo entre 1650 y 1850, durante la Pequeña Edad de Hielo. El período moderno (de 1850 en adelante) se caracterizó por otro incremento en la húmedad, como se refleja en un decrecimiento del polen de hierbas y en los tamaños del grano. Los cambios en el curso del Río Amarillo entre 1194 y 1855 se registran por las variaciones abruptas en la litología, las características de los sedimentos y los porcentajes en los taxones de polen alienígena. Los impactos humanos intensos se demuestran con la ocurrencia de polen tipo cereal y un incremento en el polen de otras plantas cultivadas como las cruciferas y las poáceas. Este estudio presenta una base para análisis posteriores de los mecanismos dinámicos entre el desarrollo del lago, el cambio climático y los efectos de los mayores cambios de los ríos.

ABSTRACT: Numerous lakes formed in the area where the Huai River and the Grand Canal converged during the historical period, and it played a substantial role in the evolution of the regional environment. Gaoyou Lake is a vital detention reservoir in the lower reaches of the Huai River. Variations in hydrology and basin-wide environmental changes were analyzed based on pollen assemblages, grain size data, and lithology from sediment cores collected at Gaoyou Lake. This study focused on variations in the hydrodynamic processes of Gaoyou Lake that were responses to changes in climate, regional hydrological events, and human activity. The high percentages of pollen from terrestrial herbs and results of principal component analysis suggested that the environment of eastern China was arid from AD 900 to 1300 and that this corresponded to the dry conditions of the Medieval Climate Anomaly. The subsequent period between AD 1300 and 1650 was more humid, as revealed by an increase in aquatic pollen and a decrease in grain size. A rise in xerophytic herb taxa (particularly Artemisia and Chenopodioideae) indicated that the climate became arid again from AD 1650 to 1850, during the Little Ice Age. The modern period (AD 1850 onwards) was characterized by another increase in moisture, as reflected by a decrease in herb pollen and grain sizes. The shifts in the course of the Yellow River in AD 1194 and AD 1855 were recorded by abrupt changes in lithology, sediment characteristics, and the percentages of alien pollen taxa. Intense human impacts were demonstrated by cereal-type pollen and an increase in pollen of other cultivated plants such as Cruciferae and Poaceae. This study provides a foundation for further analysis of the dynamic mechanisms between lake development, climate change, and the effects of significant river changes.

RESUMEN Con el fin de estudiar la influencia de los soportes metálicos en las calzadas para detectar minas a través del método de electromagnetismo transitorio, los autores trataron estos soportes como capas finas de metal, incluidas las mallas de anclaje. De acuerdo con los principios de las diferencias finitas, las características de reacción del electromagnetismo transitorio bajo la incidencia de una capa fina de metal se calcularon con una cuadrícula no uniforme. La presencia de esta capa ralentizó el índice de difusión del campo electromagnético y dificultó la difusión en general. El resultado de la curva de reacción del electromagnetismo transitorio bajo la incidencia de la capa fina de metal fue mayor que en calzadas sin estos soportes. Las capas más finas tienen valores de respuestas mayores e índices de deterioro menores. El índice de deterioro se incrementa como una función del tiempo, y se aproxima gradualmente a la curva de reacción de una calzada sin soportes. La simulación de la reacción del electromagnetismo transitorio en el modelo de estructuras de baja resistencia a contenidos de agua muestra que los soportes metálicos reducen la sensibilidad del método electromagnético transitorio y debilita su reacción a anomalías de baja resistencia.

ABSTRACT To study the influence of metal supports in roadways on the detection of mines using the transient electromagnetic method, authors treated metal supports including anchor nets as a thin metal layer. According to the finite differences principle, the characteristics of the full-space transient electromagnetic response under the thin metal layer’s influence were calculated using a non-uniform grid. The thin metal layer's presence slowed the electromagnetic field’s diffusion rate and hindered the overall diffusion. The transient electromagnetic response curve observed under the thin metal layer’s influence was higher than that without the supports. Thicker metal layers resulted in higher early response values and slower decay rates. The decay rate increased as a function of time, gradually approaching that of the curve without metal supports. The simulation of the transient electromagnetic response to the model of water-containing low-resistance structures showed that the metal roadway support reduced the sensitivity of the transient electromagnetic method and weakened its response to low-resistance anomalies.

The prognosis of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is usually poor when it occurs in aged adults or in patients with chronic diseases, which brought a great challenge to clinical practice. Furthermore, widespread depression, anxiety, and panic related to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2) infection affected treatment compliance and recovery. Here we report the successful treatment of a 57-year-old male with severe COVID-19, schizophrenia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. The patient's negative emotions (such as tension, panic, and anxiety), particularly his aggression and paranoia, seriously hindered treatment, leading to a deteriorating condition. Psychological counseling and supportive psychotherapy were given but the effect was weak. To improve adherence, risperidone and quetiapine fumarate were replaced by olanzapine for anti-schizophrenic treatment to reduce insomnia and anxiety side effects, associated with sedative-hypnotic drugs as well as psychological counseling. The treatment compliance of the patient improved significantly. The patient's serum alanine aminotransferase increased abnormally in the late stage of hospitalization, suggesting potential liver damage after complex medication strategies. We also monitored the changes of lymphocyte subsets and retrospectively analyzed the virus-specific antibody response. The results suggested that dynamic monitoring of lymphocyte subsets and virus-specific antibody response could facilitate disease progression evaluation and timely treatment plan adjustments. An effective psychotropic drug intervention associated with psychological counselling and psychotherapy are essential for the successful adherence, treatment, and rehabilitation of psychiatric disorders in COVID-19 patients.

Abstract Background Acute osteomyelitis has great harmfulness. To conduct comparative analysis on the difference of clinical effect of CT diagnosis and X-ray plain film diagnosis in children with acute osteomyelitis during emergency treatment, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods The study subjects were 32 children with acute osteomyelitis. All the children were examined by X-ray and CT before surgery. Image characteristics and detection rates of bone destruction, changes in periosteum and cortex were compared. Funding X-ray scanning image: for the children with acute osteomyelitis in the early stage, the symptoms were demonstrated as that the submuscular space disappeared, and the boundary between subcutaneous and muscle tissues was blurred. CT scanning image: the images in early stage showed hyperemia and edema of soft tissue, with a slightly lower density of lesion, disappearance of interfascicular space, and a low-density abscess cavity in the center. The detection rate of bone destruction in CT scan was obviously higher than that in plain X-ray, in terms of bone destruction in special morphology, bone shell destruction in residual expansion, circular bone destruction, and peripheral bone defect, and the detection rate of periosteum and cortex changes was higher than that in plain X-ray, The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of CT in children with acute osteomyelitis during emergency treatment were better than that of X-ray plain film. Interpretation CT scan has good diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity during emergency treatment of this disease.

Abstract: In this study, three-layer low-density (about 400 kg/m3) particleboards consisting of a mixture of wood particles and expanded polystyrene (EPS) were manufactured. EPS bead was incorporated in the core layer as a light filler. The influence of EPS content (0 %, 2,5 %, 5 %, 7,5 %, 10 %, and 12,5 %) and press temperature (110 °C and 140 °C) on the microstructure, density profile, bending properties, internal bond and thickness swelling of the panels were investigated. Results showed that incorporation of EPS beads filled in the voids between wood particles improved the core layer integrity, and generated a more pronounced density profile. Consequently, the bending properties and internal bond of panels adding EPS were remarkably improved, and the thickness swelling was decreased. However, the variation of the number of EPS from 2,5 % to 12,5 % had no significant effect on the bending properties and thickness swelling. Comparing the two press temperatures, higher temperature (140 °C) was more favourable in control panels without EPS as filler. For panels adding EPS filler, 140 °C had a negative effect on the properties of panels, especially at high EPS contents (10% and 12,5%), attributing to the shrinkage of EPS bead under press temperature that is much higher than its glass transition temperature (104 °C).

RESUMO Introdução: A acupuntura tem sido amplamente utilizada para alívio de dor. No entanto, seus mecanismos são muito pouco conhecidos. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre o efeito analgésico da eletroacupuntura e a regulação da expressão de adenosina e de substância P. Métodos: Utilizou-se um modelo de dor inflamatória crônica em ratos por injeção única do Adjuvante Completo de Freund e, em seguida, os animais foram tratados com eletroacupuntura diariamente. Foram aplicadas sete sessões bilaterais de eletroacupuntura (ST36 e BL60, 0,5 a 1,5 mA, força inicial de 0,5 mA, aumentada em 0,5 mA a cada 10 minutos, 30 minutos por sessão, uma sessão por dia) em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund, por sete dias. O efeito analgésico da eletroacupuntura foi avaliado pela medida do limiar de retirada da pata em ratos que receberam estimulações mecânica e térmica. Resultados: A estimulação diária com eletroacupuntura aumentou efetivamente o limiar de retirada da pata em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund. A eletroacupuntura aumentou o nível de adenosina na região zusanli. Estudos posteriores mostraram que a eletroacupuntura poderia diminuir os níveis de substância P, receptor de neurocinina-1, fator de necrose tumoral-alpha, interleucina-1β, interleucina-6 e CD68 nos gânglios da raiz dorsal. Curiosamente, a injeção direta de antagonistas do receptor de adenosina A1 ou de substância P, ou a transecção da raiz do nervo dorsal, podem prejudicar significativamente as ações analgésicas induzidas pela eletroacupuntura em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund e reduzir os níveis de substância P, receptor de neurocinina-1, fator de necrose tumoral-alfa, interleucina-1β, interleucina-6 e CD68. Por fim, confirmamos que a injeção direta de um agonista do receptor da adenosina A1 reproduziu os efeitos analgésicos da eletroacupuntura. Conclusão: Nossos resultados indicam a regulação da secreção da substância P mediada pela adenosina. A via mediada pela substância P pode estar envolvida no processo de analgesia por eletroacupuntura em ratos.

ABSTRACT Background: Acupuncture has been widely used for alleviating pain. However, its mechanisms remain largely enigmatic. Objective: In the present study, we focused on whether the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture is related to its regulation on adenosine and substance P expression. Methods: We established chronic inflammatory pain model in rats through a single injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant, and then we treated animals using daily electroacupuncture. We applied seven bilateral sessions of electroacupuncture (ST36 and BL60, 0.5 to 1.5 mA, initial strength of 0.5 mA, increased by 0.5 mA every 10 minutes, for 30 minutes per session, one section per day) to Complete Freund’s Adjuvant rats for seven days. The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture was evaluated by measuring paw withdrawal threshold in rats that received mechanical and thermal stimulation. Results: Daily electroacupuncture stimulation effectively increased paw withdrawal threshold in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant rats. Electroacupuncture increased the adenosine level in zusanli. A further study showed that electroacupuncture could decrease substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and CD68 levels in dorsal root ganglion. Interestingly, direct injection of adenosine A1 or substance P receptor antagonists, or dorsal nerve root transection could significantly impair electroacupuncture induced analgesic actions in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant rats could and reduce the levels of substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and CD68. Finally, we confirmed that direct injection of adenosine A1 receptor agonist replicated the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture. Conclusion: Our results indicate regulation of adenosine-mediated substance P secretion. Substance P-mediated pathway may be involved in the analgesia process by electroacupuncture in rats.

Resumen: Éste es un estudio sobre la renormalización en la configuración de la localidad algebraica, que resalta el papel que los morfismos de la localidad pueden desempeñar para los propósitos de la renormalización. Después de describir el marco general para construir mapas de regularización de la localidad, ilustramos la renormalización mediante homomorfismos de álgebras de la localidad en tres ejemplos, la renormalización de las funciones zeta cónica en los polos, la definición de las funciones zeta ramificadas y su evaluación en los polos y, finalmente, los valores de las integrales iteradas derivadas del modelo de juguete de Kreimer.

Abstract: This is a survey on renormalisation in algebraic locality setup highlighting the role that locality morphisms can play for renormalisation purposes. After describing the general framework to build locality regularisation maps, we illustrate renormalisation by locality algebra homomorphisms on three examples, the renormalisation of conical zeta functions at poles, the definition of branched zeta functions and their evaluation at poles and finally the values of iterated integrals stemming from Kreimer's toy model.

ABSTRACT Expressways in China are developing rapidly, as is traffic pollution, which is one of the major sources of urban pollution. In this study, we chose the greenbelt in the idle zone near the Lin’an toll station along the Hang Rui expressway as our sampling area. Five points in the sampling area along Qianjin road were marked vertically at distances of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 m to monitor concentrations of PM2.5 and learn the varying patterns of these concentrations and influencing factors. The results showed that in spring (March, April and May), the average PM2.5 concentrations in the greenbelt were 32.56 ± 22.51, 77.71 ± 32.11 and 64.15 ± 29.00 μg m-3, respectively. The ranking of concentrations at different monitoring points in the same period was 0 > 15 > 60 > 30 > 45 m. The average concentrations in winter (November and December 2017, and February 2018) were 33.56 ± 9.34, 60.78 ± 17.67 and 124.71 ± 43.19 μg m-3, respectively. However, the ranking of concentrations at different monitoring points in the same period revealed some differences. Except at 0 m, the concentrations of PM2.5 in the other four positions were higher in winter than in spring. The reduction rate at 45 m reached its maximum in both spring and winter. PM2.5 concentrations were significantly correlated with meteorological factors, the structure of the plant community and traffic flow. PM2.5 concentrations were negatively correlated with temperature, positively correlated with relative humidity and was not significantly correlated with wind speed. The correlations of PM2.5 concentrations with the canopy density and degree of porosity differed greatly due to different seasons, and concentrations were significantly correlated with the amount of traffic flow, especially when there were large trucks.

RESUMEN Las vías rápidas se están desarrollando con gran celeridad en China y junto con ellas la contaminación por tráfico, que es una de las mayores fuentes de contaminación urbana. En este estudio se eligió como área de muestreo el cinturón verde ubicado en la zona de amortiguamiento cercana a la estación de peaje Lin’an en la autopista Hang Rui. Se seleccionaron cinco puntos verticales a lo largo de la carretera Qianjin a distancias de 0, 15, 30, 45 y 60 m para monitorear las concentraciones de PM2.5 y conocer tanto sus patrones de variaciones como los factores que influyen en ellos. Los resultados mostraron que durante la primavera (marzo, abril y mayo) las concentraciones promedio de PM2.5 en el cinturón verde fueron de 32.56 ± 22.51, 77.71 ± 32.11 y 64.15 ± 29.00 μg m-3, respectivamente. La categorización de las concentraciones en diferentes puntos de monitoreo en el mismo periodo fue de 0 > 15 > 60 > 30 > 45 m. Las concentraciones promedio en invierno (noviembre y diciembre de 2017, y febrero de 2018) fueron de 33.56 ± 9.34, 60.78 ± 17.67 y 124.71 ± 43.19 μg m-3, respectivamente. Sin embargo, la categorización de las concentraciones en diferentes puntos de monitoreo mostró algunas diferencias. Con excepción del punto de muestreo ubicado a 0 m, las concentraciones de PM2.5 en los otros cuatro puntos fueron superiores en invierno que en primavera. La tasa de reducción a una distancia de 45 m alcanzó su máximo tanto en primavera como en invierno. Las concentraciones de PM2.5 tuvieron una correlación significativa con factores meteorológicos, la estructura de la comunidad vegetal y el flujo de tráfico; asimismo, tuvieron una correlación negativa con la temperatura, correlación positiva con la humedad relativa, y correlación no significativa con la velocidad del viento. Las correlaciones de PM2.5 con la densidad y el grado de porosidad de la cubierta vegetal difirieron de manera considerable como resultado de la estacionalidad, y las concentraciones se correlacionaron significativamente con la densidad del flujo de tráfico, especialmente en presencia de camiones pesados.

Droplet atomization characteristics and its morphology in twin-wire arc sprayed (TWAS) Ni-Al were explored in depth. Both numerical model and theoretical method were built for calculating the process of the droplet deformation and breakup in air flow, which based on the standard k-ε model and the volume of fluid (VOF) dual-phase flow model. The atomization characteristics of double droplets and three droplets were also studied in the atomization process by simulation. The micro structure and the morphology of the composite coatings were analyzed by SEM and TEM. The experimental results indicate that TWAS droplets are the process of explosive breakup or two steps breakup. Morphology of the TWAS prepared Ni-20wt.%Al and Ni-5wt.%Al particles was accordingly characterized by SEM. The phase compositions of the Ni-Al particles were obtained by EDS. By testing the velocity of sprayed particles, the change rule of particles with spray pressure was obtained. Ni twins are discovered in the Ni-Al coating due to rapid cooling in TWAS process.

Droplets deformation and solidification characteristics in twin-wire arc sprayed Ni-Al were explored in depth. Both theoretical method and numerical model were established for calculating the deformation process of the droplets impacting on the substrate and their solidification behavior in airflow, which based on two models of the volume of fluid (VOF) dual-phase flow and the standard k-ε. The morphology and the microstructure of the composite coatings were analyzed by XRD, SEM and TEM. The results of the experiment indicate the droplets cooling rate ranges from 3.0×107 to 7.5×107 K/s. The main components of Ni-5wt.% Al coating were Ni solid solution, and a small number of Ni3Al4, Al2O3 and NiO. The main phases of Ni-20wt.% Al coating are Ni3Al and NiAl. EDS and TEM analysis shows that there are a few amorphous and equiaxed crystals in the Ni-Al coating. The surface roughness increases with the decrease of spraying pressure and spraying distance.

Abstract: Background: Myeloid leukemia cutis is the terminology used for cutaneous manifestations of myeloid leukemia. Objective: The purpose of this study was to study the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of myeloid leukemia cutis. Methods: This was a retrospective study of clinical and pathological features of 10 patients with myeloid leukemia cutis. Results: One patient developed skin lesions before the onset of leukemia, seven patients developed skin infiltration within 4-72 months after the onset of leukemia, and two patients developed skin lesions and systemic leukemia simultaneously. Of these patients, five presented with generalized papules or nodules, and five with localized masses. The biopsy of skin lesions showed a large number of tumor cells within the dermis and subcutaneous fat layer. Immunohistochemical analysis showed strong reactivity to myeloperoxidase (MPO), CD15, CD43 and CD45 (LCA) in most cases. NPM1 (nucleophosmin I) and FLT3-ITD (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication) mutations were identified in one case. Five patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and one patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia died within two months to one year after the onset of skin lesions. Study limitations: This was a retrospective and small sample study. Conclusions: In patients with myelogenous leukemia, skin infiltration usually occurs after, but occasionally before, the appearance of hemogram and myelogram abnormalities, and the presence of skin infiltration is often associated with a poor prognosis and short survival time. myeloid leukemia cutis often presents as generalized or localized nodules or masses with characteristic pathological and histochemical findings.

Through decreasing the sample size, the regular faceted rectangular Al2Cu phase crystal was prepared under directional solidification. Effects of sample size on the microstructure morphologies and orientations of intermetallic Al2Cu phase crystal growth at 10 µm/s have been characterized and investigated. The transverse-section microstructure of primary Al2Cu phase crystal transited from L-shaped pattern to regular faceted rectangular pattern with a single preferred orientation at [001] direction with sample size decreasing. By using the serial sectioning technique, the three-dimensional (3D) microstructure of Al2Cu phase in 0.45 mm sample was observed as rectangular parallelepiped. Moreover, the faceted interfaces of Al2Cu phase crystal were determined as {110} planes. Based on growth characteristics of the Al2Cu phase crystal, a growth mode in different sizes samples under directional solidification was proposed. The experimental results show that a regular microstructure with preferred single orientation can be achieved in small-size sample during directional solidification.

The mortality of patients with mycotic aneurysms is high, especially in East Asia, and infection by Salmonella species is the most common. Our study aimed to improve prognosis of adult mycotic aneurysms with early diagnosis and accurate treatment. Four adult patients with mycotic aneurysm caused by Salmonella were included and analyzed by single-center retrospective analysis. Cases reported in the literature during the past 10 years were also summarized. The average age of the 4 male patients was 61.25 years, while that of the 53 cases reported in the literature was 65.13 years. Hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis were common complications. Most patients presented fever and experienced pain at the corresponding position of the aneurysm. Laboratory examination found an increased number of white blood cells accompanied by an increase in inflammatory markers. Most aneurysms were found in the abdominal aorta, while the rupture of an aneurysm was the most common complication. The mortality rates were 21.43 and 7.14% after open surgery or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) intervention, respectively. The recurrence rates of infection were 0 and 17.85% for both treatments, respectively. The mortality rate of mycotic aneurysm caused by Salmonella infection was high in middle-aged males with hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The possibility of a Salmonella-infected aneurysm should be considered in these high-risk groups presenting chills, fever, chest, and back pain. Open surgery was superior to EVAR treatment in the clearance of infected foci and the reduction of postoperative recurrence. The recurrence of postoperative infection can be prevented by intravenous antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks post-surgery.

Abstract Presence of the relatively new sulfonylurea herbicide monosulfuron-ester at 0.03-300 nmol/L affected the growth of two non-target nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos-aquae and Anabaena azotica) and substantially inhibited in vitro Acetolactate synthase activity, with IC50 of 3.3 and 101.3 nmol/L for A. flos-aquae and A. azotica, respectively. Presenting in 30-300 nmol/L, it inhibited protein synthesis of the cyanobacteria with less amino acids produced as its concentration increased. Our findings support the view that monosulfuron-ester toxicity in both nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria is due to its interference with protein metabolism via inhibition of branch-chain amino acid biosynthesis, and particularly Acetolactate synthase activity.