Abstract Introduction: In developing countries like India, it is common for late presentation of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients to a hospital as compared to that of developed countries. The objective of this study is to analyze the surgical outcome of TOF patients with age > 15 years. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of the surgical outcomes of 45 adult patients undergoing correction for TOF. Epidemiology, symptomology, and preoperative evaluation were performed. Results: Most of the patients were male (33 [73%]). The median age was 21 years. A total of 42 (93.33%) patients had subaortic ventricular septal defect (VSD), while three (6.6%) patients presented with doubly committed VSD. The most common type of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction was combined infundibular and valvular types, accounting for 34 cases (75.5%). Six patients had infundibular RVOT obstruction, while three patients (6.6%) had predominantly valvular pulmonary stenosis. We performed trans-right atrial repair in 33 patients. Right atrium-pulmonary artery approach was used in five patients (11.1%). The most common postoperative complication was right bundle branch block, seen in 14 patients, with a mortality rate of 2% in the early postoperative period. We achieved excellent early and midterm survival results and significant improvement in functions and disease-free quality of life. Conclusion: Intracardiac repair in adult TOF can be performed with low mortality, less residual RVOT obstruction, and need for revision of RVOT far less frequent by using the Jhajhria Infundibular Resection Adequacy Assessment technique (JIRAAT) to assess for adequacy of infundibular resection.

A full-length cDNA clone encoding cyclophilin gene of 848 bp, including a 519 bp open reading frame, has been isolated from the cDNA library constructed from etiolated seedlings of Vigna mungo (GenBank FN668732). The cDNA sequence showed 97% identity with Vigna radiata cyclophilin mRNA. The sequence was GC rich and lacked introns. The open reading frame encoded 172 amino acid polypeptide with molecular weight 18.3 kDa and theoretical pI 8.61. BlastP analysis indicated that its putative amino acid sequence shared 100% identity with several plant cyclophilins particularly legumes. The conserved seven amino acid residues region in V. mungo cyclophilin was RSGKPLH (present in legumes) instead of KSGKPLH, indicating its similarity to the cyclophilins of other legumes. This novel V. mungo cyclophilin gene will broaden the pool of plant cyclophilin genes for further studies.

In vitro effects of triacontanol (TRIA) on antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic characteristics were studied in Arachis hypogaea L. cultivars (M-13 and PBS24030). The in vitro impact of TRIA on multiplication potential was also evaluated, which was found to be best at 2.0 ml L-1 TRIA in combination with 6- Benzyl adenine (BA, 3 mg L-1) in both the groundnut cultivars. Rhizogenesis was observed in almost all the TRIA treated cultures in both the cultivars. Moreover, shoots failed to set roots, in the presence of BA. Total chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) activity were found to be increasing with increasing concentrations of TRIA, whether alone or in combination with BA, however, genotypic differences were observed in case of Hill reaction activity (HRA) in between the cultivars. Best catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activity was reported at 1.0 ml L-1 TRIA with BA (3 mg L-1) in both the cultivars. Peroxidase (POX; EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPX; 1.14.18.1) activity was maximum at 1.0 ml L-1 TRIA with BA (3 mg L-1) in M-13, whereas at 2.0 ml L-1 TRIA with BA (3 mg L-1) in PBS24030. Lipid peroxidation was found to be reduced with the supplementation of TRIA. The results obtained in the study clearly indicated not only the in vitro establishment of groundnut cultivars in the presence of TRIA but also its effect on various growth promontory physiological parameters.