ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to be a probable aggravator of psychological responses such as anxiety and depression. This study aimed to assess the correlation between symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and the existence of symptoms associated with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) in a Brazilian university population. METHODS: This epidemiological, cross-sectional clinical study evaluated its variables of interest using the COVID-19 Fear Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D), Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Dysfunction (DC/TMD) and Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC) questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 373 participants (females = 273) with a mean age of 23.8±5.45 years were included in this study. In addition, 78.2% of participants with anxiety symptoms and 54.5% of participants with depression symptoms reported a high level of TMD-related parafunction (p<0.01). The presence of anxiety symptoms increased the odds of developing intense fear of COVID-19 by 14.9 times (p<0.001) and the odds of developing moderate fear of COVID-19 by 3.5 times (p<0.001). The presence of an intense fear of COVID-19 increased the chances of developing anxiety symptoms by 17.15 times (p<0.001), while the presence of a moderate fear increased these chances by 3.12 times (p<0.001). In addition, the presence of intense (p=0.01) or moderate (p=0.018) COVID-19 fears increased the odds of developing TMD-related pain symptoms by 2.47 and 1.84 times, respectively, in this population. CONCLUSION: The presence of painful TMD symptoms was possibly influenced by fear of COVID-19. This, in turn, was related to the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms reported by the target population of this study.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A pandemia de COVID-19 mostrou-se um provável agravante de respostas psicológicas como ansiedade e depressão. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a correlação entre sintomas de ansiedade e depressão durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19 e a existência de sintomas associados à disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) em uma população universitária brasileira. MÉTODOS: Este estudo clínico epidemiológico e transversal avaliou as suas variáveis de interesse por meio dos questionários Escala de Medo do COVID-19, Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS-A e HADS-D), Critérios Diagnósticos para Disfunção Temporomandibular (DC/DTM) e Checklist de Comportamentos Orais (OBC). RESULTADOS: Ao todo, 373 participantes (sexo feminino = 273), com média de idade de 23,8±5,45 anos foram incluídos neste estudo. Ademais, 78,2% dos participantes com sintomas de ansiedade e 54,5% dos participantes com sintomas de depressão reportaram alto nível de parafunção relacionada à DTM (p<0,01). A presença de sintomas de ansiedade aumentou em 14,9 vezes as chances de desenvolvimento de um quadro de medo intenso do COVID-19 (p<0,001) e de um quadro de 3,5 vezes nas chances de desenvolvimento de medo moderado do COVID-19 (p<0,001). A presença de um medo intenso do COVID-19 aumentou em 17,15 vezes as chances de desenvolvimento de sintomas de ansiedade (p<0,001), enquanto a presença de um medo moderado aumentou essas chances em 3,12 vezes (p<0,001). Ademais, a presença de medos intensos (p=0,01) ou moderados (p=0,018) do COVID-19 aumentou 2,47 e 1,84 vezes, respectivamente, as chances de desenvolvimento de sintomatologias dolorosas relacionadas à DTM nessa população. CONCLUSÃO: A presença dos sintomas dolorosos da DTM foi possivelmente influenciada pelo medo do COVID-19. Isso, por sua vez, esteve relacionado à presença de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão, reportados pela população-alvo deste estudo.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A etiologia das disfunções temporomandibulares engloba fatores locais e sistêmicos, destacando-se a condição oclusal, trauma, atividades parafuncionais e estresse emocional, derivando-se os sinais de ansiedade e de depressão. Esses, por sua vez, apresentam maior propensão em se desenvolver na população universitária devido às mudanças exigidas ao ingressar na universidade e a cobrança por um bom desempenho. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a correlação de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão e a existência de sintomas associados às disfunções temporomandibulares em estudantes universitários. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo clínico epidemiológico, aleatório e transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por 100 estudantes universitários, aos quais foram aplicados os questionários Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Eixo II e o Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado e o Modelo de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Os resultados do presente estudo foram constituídos pelas respostas de 79 mulheres e 21 homens, com média de idade de 19 anos. Foram observadas as seguintes associações: estado de saúde geral e depressão, ansiedade e dor na face/estalos, hábito de ranger/apertar os dentes ao dormir, e resposta “sim” para ansiedade, desconforto com seus dentes e depressão; estado de angustiado/preocupado com todas as questões de ansiedade; depressão e pensamentos sobre morte, dificuldade em respirar e sentir-se desanimado sobre o futuro. CONCLUSÃO: A partir dos dados obtidos foi possível concluir que a presença de sintomas relativos à ansiedade e depressão interferem nos sintomas dolorosos das disfunções temporomandibulares da população abordada.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The etiology of temporomandibular disorders includes local and systemic factors, with an emphasis on the occlusal condition, trauma, parafunctional activities, and emotional stress, deriving signs of anxiety and depression. These, in turn, are more likely to develop in the university population, due to the changes required when entering university and the demand for good performance. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between anxiety and depression symptoms and the existence of symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders in university students. METHODS: An epidemiological, randomized, and cross-sectional clinical study conducted with 100 university students. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Axis II and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires were applied. For the statistical analysis, the Chi-square tests and the Logistic regression model were used. RESULTS: The results of the present study consisted of responses from 79 women and 21 men, with a mean age of 19 years. The following associations were observed: general health status and depression; anxiety and pain in the face/ clicking; habit of grinding/clenching teeth when sleeping, and a “yes” answer to anxiety; discomfort with your teeth and depression; state of anguished/worried about all anxiety issues; depression and thoughts about death, difficulty in breathing and feeling discouraged about the future. CONCLUSION: From the data obtained, it was possible to conclude that the presence of symptoms related to anxiety and depression interfere with the painful symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in the addressed population.

The development of implant dentistry improved the possibilities of rehabilitation with maxillofacial prosthesis. However, clinically it is difficult to bond the silicone to the attachment system. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an adhesive system on the bond strength between acrylic resin and facial silicone. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 120 samples were fabricated with auto-polymerized acrylic resin and MDX 4-4210 facial silicone. Both materials were bonded through mechanical retentions and/or application of primers (DC 1205 primer and Sofreliner primer S) and adhesive (Silastic Medical Adhesive Type A) or not (control group). Samples were divided into 12 groups according to the method used to attach the silicone to the acrylic resin. All samples were subjected to a T-peel test in a universal testing machine. Failures were classified as adhesive, cohesive or mixed. The data were evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey's HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS: The highest bond strength values (5.95 N/mm; 3.07 N/mm; 4.75 N/mm) were recorded for the samples that received a Sofreliner primer application. These values were significantly higher when the samples had no scratches and did not receive the application of Silastic Medical Adhesive Type A. CONCLUSIONS: The most common type of failure was adhesive. The use of Sofreliner primer increased the bond strength between the auto-polymerized acrylic resin and the Silastic MDX 4-4210 facial silicone.

We evaluated the effects of disinfection and aging on the hardness of silicones containing opacifiers and intended for use in facial prosthetics. A total of 90 samples were produced using a cylindrical metal mold 3 mm in height and 30 mm in diameter. The samples were fabricated from Silastic MDX 4-4210 silicone in three groups: GI contained no opacifier, GII contained barium sulfate (Ba), and GIII contained titanium dioxide (Ti). The samples were disinfected using effervescent tablets (Ef), neutral soap (Ns), or 4% chlorhexidine (Cl) 3 times a week for 60 days. After this period the samples underwent 1,008 hours of accelerated aging. The hardness was measured using a durometer immediately following the disinfection period and after 252, 504, and 1,008 hours of aging. The data were statistically analyzed using 3-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (p < .05). The GIII group exhibited the greatest variation in hardness regardless of elapsed time. All groups displayed greater hardness after 1,008 hours of accelerated aging independent of disinfectant type. All of the hardness values were within the clinically acceptable range.

Acrylic resins have been widely used due to their acceptable esthetics and desirable characteristics such as easy handling, good thermal conductivity, low permeability to oral fluids and color stability. Flexible resins were introduced on the market as an alternative to the use of conventional acrylic resins in the construction of complete and partial removable dentures. Although these resins present advantages in terms of esthetics and comfort, studies assessing chromatic and microhardness alterations of these materials are still scarce in the related literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chromatic and microhardness alterations of two commercial brands of flexible resins in comparison to the conventional resin Triplex when submitted to accelerated aging. The resins were manipulated according to manufacturers' instructions and inserted into a silicone matrix to obtain 21 specimens divided into 3 groups: Triplex, Ppflex and Valplast. Triplex presented the highest microhardness value (p < 0.05) for all the aging periods, which was significantly different from that of the other resins, followed by the values of Valplast and Ppflex. Comparison between the flexible resins (Ppflex and Valplast) revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) as regards color. The flexible resin Ppflex and the conventional resin Triplex presented no statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) as regards aging. The accelerated aging significantly increased the microhardness values of the resins, with the highest values being observed for Triplex. Valplast presented the greatest chromatic alteration after accelerated aging.

Introduction: It was observed a considerable growth of elderly people. They are who use more medicines. The physiological changes associated with the age advancing can make pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations. The cognitive decline, physical limitations and associate chronic pathology affect the medications appropriately use ability. Aims: Based in a literature review, appoint the main pharmacological groups prescribed to the elderly and the drug-drug interaction risks. Conclusion: The most of elderly use continually at least 3 medicines, the most prescribed are to cardiovascular and psychic diseases treatment.

Introducción: Se observó un considerable crecimiento del contingente poblacional de ancianos. Ellos son los mayores usuarios de medicamentos. Los cambios fisiológicos relacionados con el envejecimiento pueden alterar la propiedad farmacocinética y la farmacodinamia. El cuadro de declinación cognitiva, las limitaciones físicas y las enfermedades crónicas asociadas afectan la habilidad de usar adecuadamente los medicamentos. Objetivo: Indicar las principales clases farmacológicas administradas a pacientes geriátricos y los riesgos de la interacción medicamentosa en base a una revisión de literatura. Conclusión: La mayor parte de los ancianos hacen uso continuo de por lo menos tres fármacos, los más prescritos son aquellos destinados a problemas cardiovasculares y trastornos psíquicos.