Os óleos essenciais de quatro espécies de Marsypianthes (Lamiaceae) foram investigados por meio de cromatografia gasosa e análise multivariada. Cada espécie foi representada por duas a sete populações, totalizando dezessete populações. β-Elemeno, (E)-cariofileno, α-humuleno, germacreno D, biciclogermacreno, δ-cadineno, espatulenol, óxido de cariofileno e globulol ocorreram em todas as amostras. As análises de componentes principais e de agrupamento hierárquico evidenciaram a presença de duas seções, uma contendo M. chamaedrys/M. montana (seção A) e a outra contendo M. burchellii (seção B). M. foliolosa apresentou maior complexidade, dividindo-se nas duas seções. Resultados similares foram obtidos de acordo com os esqueletos carbônicos biosssintéticos. Germacranos e biciclogermacranos preponderaram na seção A, enquanto aromadendranos e guaianos caracterizaram a seção B. A análise de redundância canônica mostrou que os agrupamentos não foram influenciados por variáveis edáficas dos locais de amostragem.

Essential oils of four species of Marsypianthes (Lamiaceae) were investigated via gas chromatography and multivariate analysis. Each species was represented by two to seven populations, totaling seventeen populations. β-Elemene, (E)-caryophyllene, α-humulene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, δ-cadinene, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, and globulol were found in all samples. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed the presence of two sections, one containing M. chamaedrys/M. montana (section A) and the other M. burchellii (section B). M. foliolosa showed higher complexity, being divided in both sections. Similar results were obtained according to biosynthetic carbon skeletons. Germacranes and bicyclogermacranes predominated in section A, whereas aromadendranes, bourbonanes and guaianes characterized section B. Canonical redundancy analysis revealed that clusters were not influenced by edaphic factors in sampling sites.

Neste trabalho foi realizada a caracterização mecânica e microestrutural de um aço microligado com estrutura multifásica. Foi aplicado tratamento térmico pré-determinado, objetivando a formação de uma microestrutura multifásica no material. Na caracterização microestrutural foram utilizados ataques químicos à base de metabissulfito de sódio e ácido pícrico, enquanto a caracterização mecânica foi realizada através de ensaios de tração. Os resultados demonstram o elevado potencial dos aços multifásicos em aplicações que necessitem de valores superiores de resistência e ductilidade, pois tanto para temperatura isotérmica de 400ºC quanto para 350ºC houve um ganho no limite de resistência à tração ficando em torno de 786MPa e 773MPa respectivamente, representando um aumento de 15,5% e 13,6% com relação ao material fornecido.

A mechanical and microstructural characterization of a multiphase micro alloyed steel was realized in this work. A predetermined heat treatment was realized in order to nucleate a multiphase microstructure in the material. In the microstuctural characterization sodium metabisulfite and picric acid echants were applied, while the mechanical characterization was realized by tensile tests. The results showed a high potential of multiphase steel in applications that needs greater values of strength and ductility, because for both isothermal temperature of 400 º C to 350 º C as there was a gain in the limit of tensile strength getting around 786MPa and 773MPa respectively, representing an increase of 15.5% and 13.6% with respect to material provided.

Background: In Brazil hospital malnutrition is highly prevalent, physician awareness of malnutrition is low, and nutrition therapy is underprescribed. One alternative to approach this problem is to educate health care providers in clinical nutrition. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of an intensive education course given to health care professionals and students on the diagnosis ability concerning to hospital malnutrition. Materials and methods: An intervention study, based on a clinical nutrition educational program, offered to medical and nursing students and professionals, was held in a hospital of the Amazon region. Participants were evaluated through improvement of diagnostic ability, according to agreement of malnutrition diagnosis using Subjective Global Assessment before and after the workshop, as compared to independent evaluations (Kappa Index, k). To evaluate the impact of the educational intervention on the hospital malnutrition diagnosis, medical records were reviewed for documentation of parameters associated with nutritional status of in-patients. The SPSS statistical software package was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 165 participants concluded the program. The majority (76.4%) were medical and nursing students. Malnutrition diagnosis improved after the course (before k = 0.5; after k = 0.64; p < 0.05). A reduction of false negatives from 50% to 33.3% was observed. During the course, concern of nutritional diagnosis was increased ( X²= 17.57; p < 0.001) and even after the course, improvement on the height measurement was detected (X² = 12.87; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Clinical nutrition education improved the ability of diagnosing malnutrition; however the primary impact was on medical and nursing students. To sustain diagnostic capacity a clinical nutrition program should be part of health professional curricula and be coupled with continuing education for health care providers.

Antecedentes: En el Brasil, la desnutrición en hospitales es alta, la conciencia médica al respecto de la desnutrición es pequeña y la terapia nutricional es poco recetada. Una de las alternativas para tratar el problema es educar a los profesionales de la salud en nutrición clínica. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo evaluar el efecto de un curso intensivo para profesionales y estudiantes de la salud, en su habilidad de diagnosticar la desnutrición en hospitales. Materiales y métodos: Un estudio de intervención con base en un programa de educación clínica fue ofrecido a estudiantes y profesionales de medicina y de enfermería y realizado en un hospital de la región Amazónica. Los participantes fueron evaluados a través del mejor rendimiento de su capacidad diagnóstica, conforme los diagnósticos de desnutrición utilizando Evaluación Subjetiva Global, antes y después del curso. Para determinar el impacto de la intervención educacional en el diagnóstico de la desnutrición hospitalaria, se revisaron las historias clínicas en busca de parámetros asociados al estado nutricional de los pacientes hospitalizados. El programa de estadística SPSS fue usado para el análisis de datos. Resultados: Un total de 165 participantes concluyeron el programa. La mayoría (76,4%) eran estudiantes de medicina y enfermería. El diagnóstico de la desnutrición mejoró después del curso (antes k = 0,5; después k = 0,64: p < 0,05). Se observó una reducción de falsos negativos de 50% para 33,3%. Durante el curso, la conciencia sobre el diagnóstico nutricional aumentó e, incluso después del curso, mejoró la determinación de las medidas de altura. Conclusiones: El programa de educación clínica mejoró la capacidad de diagnosticar la desnutrición, sin embargo, el impacto mayor fue sobre los estudiantes de medicina y enfermería. Para mantener la capacidad de diagnosticar, un programa en nutrición clínica debería formar parte del currículo de las profesiones de la salud junto a su programa de educación continuada.

Changes in nutritional status are related to an increase in morbidity and mortality. It is well established that health care professionals, particularly physicians, lack formal education to recognize nutritional disorders, which malnutrition may worsen in the hospital, and that appropriate education could effectively correct this problem. Aim: To evaluate the awareness of the health care university students and professionals about the nutrition disorders in Amazon region hospitalized patients before and after a specific education program. Study design: An intensive Course on Clinical Nutrition, given in three weekly classes was offered to the multidisciplinary health care students and professionals of the health care tem. Cases and methods: 195 participants started the course. They were 97 students of nursing, 52 students of medicine, 20 nurses, 15 resident physicians, 3 physicians, 3 dietitians, 2 others, 1 no answer. 165 participants concluded it. Precourse and postcourse tests were answered. The results of these tests are presented in this study. Results and Discussion: 76.4% of the participants were graduation students. 40% of participants had no contact with patients yet. When the exposure of the participants of the course to the theme Nutrition was analyzed, 46.7% of the resident physicians considered their contact with the subject superficial and 13.3% had no contact with it, reinforcing the physician´s lack of knowledge to recognize malnutrition. Participants admitted having significantly profited from the course. Conclusions: the lack of awareness of the multidisciplinary health care team about nutritional disorders may contribute to worsen hospital malnutrition. An intensive course for graduate students and residents may help to raise awareness for clinical nutrition. The great interest and enthusiasm shown by the students and other participants and the profit obtained by them from the course suggest that teaching of clinical nutrition should be implemented in all health care schools.

Las alteraciones del estado nutricional están relacionadas con el aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad. A pesar de no haber consenso en relación a los criterios diagnósticos de la malnutrición, ésta se agrava a medida que aumenta el tiempo de internación hospitalaria. Diversos autores concluyen que el equipo de salud, particularmente los médicos, no están siendo enseñados a reconocer la malnutrición, que esta malnutrición es agravada en el hospital y que la educación puede efectivamente corregir el problema. Objetivo: Evaluar la concientización de los estudiantes de graduación en salud y de los profesionales de la comisión multidisciplinar de salud al respecto de los desórdenes nutricionales de pacientes hospitalizados antes y después del programa intensivo de educación. Diseño del estudio: Un curso intensivo de Nutrición Clínica, fue administrado en tres clases semanales para los estudiantes de graduación en salud y profesionales en el equipo de salud. Pacientes y métodos. 195 participantes iniciaron el curso, frecuentado por 97 estudiantes de enfermería, 52 estudiantes de medicina, 20 enfermeros, 15 médicos residentes, 3 médicos, 3 nutricionistas, 2 otras actividades y 1 sin respuesta. 165 concluyeron el curso. Una prueba antes y una prueba después del curso fueron respondidas. El resultado de estas pruebas es presentado en este estudio. Resultados y discusión: 76,4% de los participantes son alumnos, con edad media de 24,39 años. 40% de los participantes aún no habían tenido contacto con pacientes. Cuando la exposición de los participantes del curso al tema Nutrición fue analizada, 46,7% de los médicos residentes consideró su contacto anterior con el tema como superficial y 13,3% no habían tenido ningún contacto, reforzando la idea de muchos autores que los médicos no están siendo enseñados a reconocer una malnutrición debido a falta de énfasis dada a la nutrición del currículum médico. Los participantes del curso de Nutrición Clínica reconocieron haber obtenido lucro significante. Conclusiones: Malnutrición hospitalaria puede ser agravada por la falta de concientización de la comisión multidisciplinar de salud al respecto del problema. Pero el gran interés y entusiasmo demostrado por los participantes y el lucro obtenido con el curso sugiere que la llave para abrir la puerta del armario es la educación. La enseñanza de Nutrición debe ser implementada en todas las escuelas de profesiones que cuidan de la salud.

Cardioleputin, a new cardioactive toxin, was purified from a stonefish venom using column chromatographies. The purified toxin was found to be an unstable protein that was susceptible to heat and freeze-thawing. This protein showed to have a molecular size of 46,000 daltons, and its amino acid composition was rich in serine and glycine, but low in basic amino acids. The crude venom induced a sudden drop in blood pressure and heart rate of rats right after administration. Both the blood pressure and heart rate returned to their original values as time elapsed, and thereafter continued to show a gradual decrease. In addition, crude venom actively affected the contractile response and suppressed the heart rate of guinea pig atria. The purified toxin caused irreversible inotropical and chronotropical increases in guinea pig atria. The action of the toxin on the atria was completely different from that of lysolecithin. It might be suggested that the toxin acts on the Ca<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/jvat/v2n2/image2184.gif"> ion channel of the atrial membrane.