An experiment to study the control of dieback on young coffee plants cultivar Catuaí was carried out in a Latosol B Terra Roxa at Tejupá, State of São Paulo, in 1978/80. The treatments consisted of several levels of NK fertilization under three different conditions: windbreak - Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.; fungicide - cuprous oxide; windbreak plus fungicide. The grain yields of treatments under protection of windbreak plus fungicide were higher than the yields of isolated treatments where only fungicide or windbreak were used. Although the average of grain yield of N treatments were higher than the (2N)K treatment, the effects of NK fertilization on the control of the dieback could not be conclusive in this experiment. There was a high variation in grain yield within the same treatment.

Objetivou-se conhecer, na época normal de colheita, as quantidades de matéria seca acumuladas, as concentrações dos elementos essenciais às plantas, mais as de cobalto, alumínio e sódio na matéria fresca e seca de 50 cultivares de hortaliças num total de 35 espécies. As amostras, normalmente constituídas de produtos da colheita, foram na sua maioria procedentes da região de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo e separadas em: melancia - em casca + polpa branca, polpa vermelha e semente; melão - em casca + polpa e semente; ervilha - em vagem e grão; berinjela - em fruto e pedúnculo; couve-flor - em folha e inflorescência; beterraba, cenoura, nabo e rabanete - em folha e raiz; alcachofra - em folha + caule e inflorescência. Das demais hortaliças foram utilizados o fruto todo, as folhas ou os bulbos sem separação. Verificou-se que as leguminosas extraíram maiores quantidades de N, P, K, Mg, Cu, Mo, Zn e Co; as tuberosas, de Cl, Fe e Mn; as amarilidáceas, de S, B e Al; as folhosas, de Ca e Na. As cucurbitáceas extraíram menores quantidades da maioria dos nutrientes.

This work reports the dry matter accumulation, the nutrient, Co, Al and Na - concentrations, and the removal of nutrients and Co, Al and Na per metric ton of fresh material of 35 species of vegetables by the harvest. The samples mostly came from the region of Campinas, State of São Paulo and consisted of the products removed from the field, fractioned in their several parts: watermelon in epicarp + white pulp, red pulp and seeds; eggplant in fruit and stalk; melon in epicarp + pulp and seeds; pea in shell and seeds; cauliflower in leaf and inflorescence; sugar beet, carrot, turnip and radish in leaf and root; artichoke in leaf + stalk and inflorescence. The whole fruit was utilized in the case of edible fruit bearing vegetables; the leaves in the case of the leafy vegetables; and the bulbous root in the case of the iffy-like vegetables. In general, the leguminous vegetables extracted the greatest amounts of N, P, K, Mg, Cu, Mo, Zn and Co; the tuberous vegetables, Cl, Fe and Mn; the lily-like vegetables, S, B and Al; leafy vegetables, Ca and Na. Cucurbits extracted the lowest amounts of nutrients.

Amostras de diversas partes de frutos tropicais foram colhidas para estudo de sua composição mineral. Os materiais estudados foram representados por amostras de abacate "collinson", abacaxi "cayenne", banana "nanicão", castanha-do-pará, goiaba "IAC-4", jaca-dura, mamão-de-polpa-amarela, mangas "haden", "extrema" e "carlota", e maracujá flavicarpa. Para as análises químicas, os frutos foram divididos em casca, polpa e sementes (abacate e jaca); em casca + polpa e sementes (mamão e manga); em casca e polpa (abacaxi); em casca do fruto, casca de amêndoa e amêndoa (castanha-do-pará); banana, goiaba e maracujá não foram divididos. Foram calculadas as porcentagens de água nessas partes e as proporções dessas partes em relação ao fruto inteiro. Nas amostras secas dos frutos ou de suas partes foram dosados todos os nutrientes minerais das plantas, além de cobalto, alumínio e sódio. As quantidades dos elementos extraídos foram calculadas por tonelada de frutos nas condições normais de colheita. De um modo geral, nitrogênio e potássio foram os nutrientes extraídos em quantidades mais elevadas e o molibdênio, nas mais baixas. A castanha-do-pará foi o fruto que extraiu os nutrientes em quantidades mais elevadas.

Samples from different parts of a fruit, and from several tropical fruits were collected, in order to study their mineral composition. The fruits studied were: Avocado (Persea americana 'Collinson'), pineapple (Ananas comosus 'Cayenne'), banana (Musa acuminata 'Nanicão'), Brazilian nut (Bertholettia excelsa HBK), guava (Psidium guajava 'IAC-4'), jack fruit with hard pulp (Artocarpus integrifolia L.), papaya. with yellow pulp (Carica papaya L.), mango (Mangifera indica 'Haden', 'Extrema' and 'Carlota'), "maracujá" (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). For chemical analysis, these fruits were divided into the skin and nut, pulp and seeds when this differentiation was possible. The water percentage of these parts and their relative proportion to the entire fruit were calculated. All essential elements were determined in dry samples of the fruit parts, as well as cobalt, aluminium, and sodium. The mineral uptake was calculated per metric ton of fruit under normal conditions of harvest. In general, the nitrogen and potassium uptake were the greatest, whereas the molibdenum was the least one. The fruit that showed the greatest nutrient uptake was the Brazilian nut.

A absorção de macronutrientes e de silício e o acúmulo de matéria seca em três estádios de desenvolvimento de dois híbridos simples de milho, cultivados em duas densidades de população, foram estudados no presente trabalho. Verificou-se que o híbrido HS 1227 apresentou concentrações mais elevadas de fósforo, potássio e silício do que o HS 7777. Observou-se também que as concentrações dos elementos tornaram-se mais baixas em função da idade das plantas. O híbrido HS 7777 absorveu maiores quantidades de cálcio, e no espaçamento menor, para os dois cultivares, a extração de nutrientes foi maior. As taxas diárias de absorção dos nutrientes e de acúmulo de matéria seca foram mais elevadas no período compreendido entre 29 e 42 dias da germinação, isto é, do estádio de diferenciação da flexa ao do de diferenciação da espiga.

The uptake of macronutients, silicon and the dry matter accumulation by two corn hybrids at three different stages of development, grown under two population densities were studied. The hybrid HS 1227 showed higher content of P, K, and Si than the HS 7777. The concentration of elements decreased with the age of the plants. The hybrid HS 7777 showed higher Ca uptake per hectare and both hybrids showed higher uptake of all elements under the highest population density. The greatest daily increase of nutrient uptake and dry matter accumulation occured between 29 and 42 days after emerging.

Resultados de análises foliares obtidos durante cinco anos em ensaio de adubação química nitrogenada em café, cultivar Mundo Nôvo, instalado em Latossolo Roxo transição para Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo orto, revelaram, para amostras colhidas no verão, teores médios de 2,8% a 3% de nitrogênio total como indicativos de uma nutrição adequada. Produções elevadas de frutos estiveram associadas com teores da ordem de 500 ppm de nitrogênio nítrico nas fôlhas. A análise de fôlhas para ambas as formas de nitrogênio mostrou que a aplicação do adubo nitrogenado em pelo menos três parcelas, no período que vai de outubro a março, parece importante para prevenir a deficiência.

Nitrogen is highly demanded by coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants, and previous survey, made by foliar analysis, indicated that most of them, grown in São Paulo State, suffer nitrogen deficiency. A study was made to observe the variation of the total and nitric nitrogen, as judged by foliar chemical analysis, in relation to the type, amount and the timing of the application of several different nitrogen fertilizers (Nitrocálcio, nitrate of soda from Chile, ammonium sulphate, and urea). The experiment, a factorial of 4x4x4, was installed in a mixture of Latosolic B "Terra Roxa" and Ortho Red-Yellow Latosol at Experimental Center of Campinas, SP. The amount of the fertilizer used was 45, 90, 135 and 180 g N/plant, subdivided in 1 to 4 applications throughout the year. P2O5 (120 g) and K(2)0 (180 g) were uniformly applied to all plants. Leaf samples were collected at 45 days intervals between October and March, and another at July, from 1964 to 1969. The results of the analysis indicated that: (a) sampling during summer (January-March) is better to evaluate nitrogen deficiency in coffee; (b) total nitrogen content of 2.8-3% (and about 500 ppm of nitric N) was correlated to a production of more than 2,500 kg/ha of treated beans; (c) the subdivision of the fertilizers applied, at least 3 times during the rainy season, seemed to be important to avoid N deficiency.

Em amostras de 134 cafèzais, distribuídos nos principais grupos de solos do Estado de São Paulo, colhidas em três estações do ano, foram determinados 12 elementos químicos essenciais, sódio e alumínio. A percentagem de cafèzais deficientes em nitrogênio foi superior a 80% em todos os solos. No Podzolizado de Lins e Marília, o segundo elemento em falta foi o ferro. No Latossolo Roxo, depois do nitrogênio, a maior deficiência foi a de potássio e zinco; no Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo-Orto, a de boro.

Roughly, coffee fields are distributed on. the main types of soil in the State of São Paulo as follows: Podzolized Soils of Lins and Marilia, 70%; latosolic B "Terra Roxa", 15%; Ortho-Red Yellow Podzol, 10%; other types, 5%. This paper presents and discusses data on foliar analyses of coffee, plants cultivated on the 3 first soil types. It complements a previous survey made on red-yellow ortho podzol. Leaf samples were collected in the spring, summer and fall, from 134 "Mundo Novo" coffee fields. Besides the content of 12 essential elements, amount of Na and Al were also determined in these samples. Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The first 3 elements were determined in a wet digest of 0.5 g of dry plant material with a mixture of HNO3-H2SO4-HC10(4), in a final volume of 20 ml. Determination of Cu, on the other hand, required an extract obtained by dissolving in 10 ml of 0.25N HC1, ashes from 1.25 g of dry leaf tissue, incinerated at 500°C for 2 hours. The same extract used for Fe, Zn and Mn analyses served for Na and Al determination. However, content of Al was estimated by colorimetric method of Aluminon (1) whereas amount of Na was determined by flame emission photometry (2). The remaining elements - N, P, K, Ca Mg, S-S0(4), B and Mo - were determined according to the process described by Lott et al (4, 5). Evaluation of the nutritional condition of the coffee fields in each soil type was based upon the amount of the elements present in the leaf tissue sampled in the summer, compared to the levels considered as critical (4). The results of these evaluations showed a high proportion of plants defficient in nitrogen, in all soil types, indicating the importance of nitrogen fertilization. In Podzolized Soils of Lins and Marilia, attention should be given to Fe, Ca and Zn defficiency; there is also the possibility of toxic effects induced by excess of Mn in such soils. Besides N defficiency, latosolic B "Terra Roxa" had frequently defficiency of K and Zn, while Ortho-Red Yellow Podzol, of boron.

Em área, recém-desbravada, de solo Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo fortemente ácido, no Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo, foram estudados os efeitos da calagem e das adubaçoes nitrogenada e fosfatada sôbre a produção do feijoeiro "da sêca". A resposta ao nitrogênio foi praticamente nula. A calagem e a adubação fosfatada proporcionaram grandes aumentos de produção, sobretudo quando na presença uma da outra. Foi também estudada a influência dos tratamentos sôbre as características químicas do solo, bem como sôbre as das fôlhas e sementes do feijoeiro.

The effects of lime, nitrogen and phosphorus on dry beans were tested in an experiment located on a virgin, strongly acid latosol area of the Ribeira Valley, State of São Paulo. While the response to nitrogen was practically zero, lime and phosphorus induced yield increases, principally when applied in the presence of one another. The influence of the treatments on the chemical characteristics of the soil, leaves and seeds was also studied.