Resumen El objetivo fue caracterizar térmicamente las instalaciones durante las fases de crecimiento y finalización de los cerdos y evaluar la influencia de los sistemas de control climático en la expresión de los comportamientos de los cerdos. El experimento se realizó en la Universidad Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE, Brasil, durante la primavera de 2019. Se utilizaron 27 cerdos de 63 días. Los animales fueron sometidos a corrales sin sistema de climatización, con ventilación forzada y con sistema de enfriamiento adiabático evaporativo. Se registraron la temperatura de bulbo seco (° C), la humedad relativa del aire (%), la temperatura del globo negro (° C) y las respuestas de comportamiento de los cerdos, sometidas a análisis multivariante, utilizando la técnica de componentes principales. Los corrales con sistema de enfriamiento adiabático evaporativo mostraron una reducción significativa de la temperatura del aire y un aumento de la humedad relativa del aire, durante las dos fases. Los cerdos sometidos a enfriamiento evaporativo mostraron mayor actividad ingestiva y comportamiento letárgico, propio de las fases estudiadas.

Abstract The objective was to thermally characterize the facilities during the growth and finishing phases of pigs and to evaluate the influence of climate control systems on the expression of the behaviors of pigs. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil, during the spring of 2019. Twenty-seven pigs aged 63 days were used. The animals were submitted to pens without climate control system, with forced ventilation, and with an evaporative adiabatic cooling system. Dry bulb temperature (°C), relative air humidity (%), black globe temperature (°C), and swine behavioral responses were recorded, submitted to multivariate analysis, using the principal component technique. Pens with the evaporative adiabatic cooling system showed a significant reduction in air temperature and an increase in relative air humidity, during the two phases. Pigs submitted to evaporative cooling showed greater ingestive activity and lethargic behavior, typical of the studied phases.

Resumo A coleta de afluentes e o manejo de águas pluviais são canalizadas em sistemas distintos, não devendo haver comunicação entre si, pois quando isto acontece é comum identificar alterações nos indicadores de qualidade dos efluentes nas estações de tratamento de esgotos. Deste modo, objetiva-se quantificar as alterações causadas pela chuva no tratamento de esgoto sanitário, os quais utilizam o sistema de lodo ativado. Para uma ETE, localizada no município de Paulista, PE, com capacidade de 400 L s-1, utilizando sistemas de lodos ativados, foram analisadas as alterações, na entrada e na saída do sistema para os: pH, temperatura, DBO e eficiência de tratamento, além da vazão de entrada, entre dias considerados secos e chuvosos. Foi constatado que o volume de entrada é incrementado em média de 25% da vazão de projeto de dimensionamento da estação. Com isto, alguns controles operacionais relevantes foram identificados, como a paralização temporária de estações elevatórias de esgoto, visando manter o pleno funcionamento do sistema, evitando sua sobrecarga. O pH sofre leve aumento na alcalinidade, cerca de 0,3, mas sem interferir no processo de tratamento. Já a temperatura do afluente em dias chuvosos sofre redução de 3 a 5K, dependendo do evento. Utilizando os testes T e Z, foi possível identificar que não houve alterações significativas (uneq. var. t: 1.18 > 0.26 e uneq var. z: 0.71 > 0.48, respectivamente) nas concentrações de DBO, tanto no efluente quanto no afluente, e a eficiência de remoção de carga orgânica foi mantida, ao contrário do que se espera em outros tipos de tratamento mais simples.

Abstract Effluent collection and stormwater management make use of different drainage systems, which should remain unconnected with one another. If stormwater drains into sewage collection systems, it often causes changes in effluent quality indicators at sewage treatment plants. This study sought to quantify the changes caused by rain in a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) located in Paulista, PE, which uses the activated sludge system. Accordingly, changes in pH, temperature, BOD, and treatment efficiency at the inlet and outlet, as well as inlet flow were analyzed on dry and rainy days at the plant, which has a sewage capacity of 400 L s-1. The input volume was found to be greater than the design flow of the station, about 25%. With this, some relevant operational controls were identified, such as temporarily shutting down sewage pumping stations in order to maintain full operation of the system and avoid overload. The pH increases slightly in alkalinity, about 0.3, but this does not interfere with the treatment process. The temperature of the influent on rainy days is about 3 to 5 degrees cooler, depending on the intensity of the event. Using the T and Z tests, it was possible to identify that BOD concentrations in the influent and the effluent were not significantly different (uneq. var. t: 1.18 > 0.26 and uneq var. z: 0.71 > 0.48, respectively), and the organic load removal efficiency was maintained, contrary to what is expected with other, more simple types of treatment.

ABSTRACT. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the productive performance of European quails (Coturnix coturnix) in the production phase, fed with diets containing different levels of digestible lysine. A total of 175 female quails, aged 65 days, were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates per treatment. The animals were housed in 25 metal cages, and each cage represented an experimental parcel, with seven birds per parcel. The birds were fed the experimental rations containing 1.177, 1.217, 1.317, 1.417, and 1.517% digestible lysine. The parameters evaluated were: laying rate, mass of eggs produced, feed intake in the period, lysine intake, feed conversion per dozen and per mass. Significant differences were observed for posture rate with quadratic behavior, which indicated higher production for the level of 1.23% of digestible lysine. There was an increasing linear behavior for the feed and lysine intake, and for conversion feed per dozen and by mass, we observed quadratic behaviors. This indicates better feed conversion index when the optimal inclusion level was 1.33% and 1.404% of digestible lysine in the diet, respectively. The requirement of digestible lysine in diets for European quails is 1.404%, which corresponds to a daily intake of 421.20 milligrams of digestible lysine.

Resumo O processo de urbanização interfere nos elementos do ciclo hidrológico, alterando as características de infiltração, escoamento e evaporação da água oriunda da chuva. Para analisar este ciclo hidrológico há diversos métodos e ensaios que visam caracterizar hidrodinamicamente o solo de uma localidade. Entretanto, a realização de coletas e ensaios de campo são onerosos e morosos. Por conta destes altos custos, é importante buscar métodos que visem economizar tempo e dinheiro. Uma das maneiras, é realizar simulações do fluxo de água no solo, mediante o uso de modelos computacionais como o Hydrus 1-D, afim de explicar o balanço hídrico de uma região. Os resultados dessas simulações apontaram que dos 385.02 mm que precipitaram 355.18 mm infiltraram, mostrando que o solo da região possui uma grande capacidade de infiltração, o qual é composto majoritariamente por areia, entretanto, dos 228000 m2 estudados apenas 38760 m2 são de solo não pavimentado. Estes resultados mostram que o solo do local estudado seria capaz de infiltrar a água pluvial sem gerar alagamentos, caso não houvesse apenas 17% de solo não impermeabilizado. Além disso, esta conclusão pode ser extrapolada para as áreas que circundam este bairro e também para grandes centros urbanos, uma vez que eles possuem características semelhantes.

Abstract The process of urbanization interferes in the elements of the hydrological cycle, altering the infiltration, flow, and evaporation of rainwater. Several methods and tests exist for analyzing this hydrological cycle that aim to hydrodynamically characterize the soil of a locality. However, the collection and field trials can be expensive and time consuming. Because of these high costs, it is important to look for methods that save time and money. One such method is to perform simulations of water flow in the soil, using computational models such as Hydrus 1-D, in order to explain the water balance of a region. The results of these simulations showed that 355.18 mm.m-2 of the total 385.02 mm.m-2 of precipitation was able to infiltrate, indicating that the soil of the region has a high infiltration capacity, due to its high sand content. However, of the 228,000 m2 studied, only 38,760 m2 are unpaved soil. This shows that the soil at the location studied would be able to infiltrate most rainwater without the occurrence of flooding, if more than only 17% of the land area were permeable soil. This conclusion can be extrapolated to other areas surrounding this neighborhood and to other large urban centers, which have similar characteristics.

ABSTRACT. This study adjusted different regression models to describe the growth pattern of meat quails from birth to 42 days of age. Data of 300 male quails were used. Weight and height information of all quails were collected weekly from the 1st to the 42nd day of age. Body weight of poultry was subjected to the polynomial, logistic, Gompertz, Weibull, and log-normal regression models. The criteria used to choose the best model to explain the growth curve of quails were the coefficient of determination of the model, Akaike’s information criterion, sum of squared residuals and Willmott’s index. For all the models used, the variables age and height were significant to explain the weight of quails. The polynomial (R² = 99.99%, AIC = 24.68, SSR = 27.5, d = 0.9999) and log-normal (R² = 99.60%, AIC = -17.5, SSR = 107.15, d = 0.9989) models presented the best fit criteria and were recommended to explain the growth of quails.

<p>Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de frangos caipiras alimentados com dietas contendo farelo integral de mandioca em níveis crescentes de inclusão de 12, 24, 36 e 48%. Foram utilizados 360 pintos, machos da linhagem Label Rouge, com oito dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, contendo 12 aves por parcela. As aves foram alimentadas com dietas isoproteicas e isocalóricas dos oito aos 84 dias. Os parâmetros avaliados foram consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar. Foram abatidas duas aves por parcela com desvio padrão de ± 5% do peso médio da parcela para avaliação do rendimento de carcaça e de cortes comerciais, asa, peito, coxa, sobrecoxa, dorso, gordura abdominal e vísceras comestíveis (fígado, coração e moela). Os dados foram submetidos a analises de variância e regressão ao nível de 5% de probabilidade com uso do programa computacional SAS (2001). Conclui-se que houve aumento linear no ganho de peso das aves e no consumo de ração com o aumento dos níveis de inclusão do farelo integral de mandioca, podendo ser utilizado em até 48% na ração sem prejuízo do desempenho zootécnico.</p>

<p>This study aimed to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of rednecks chickens fed diets containing the cassava root meal in increasing levels of inclusion of 12, 24, 36 and 48%. 360 chicks male, lineage Label Rouge were used, with eight days old, in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications of 12 birds each. The birds were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous from eight to 84 days. Was evaluated feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion. Were killed two birds per cage with 5% ± standard deviation of the mean weight of the cage for evaluation of carcass yield and retail cuts, wings, breast, drumstick, thigh, back, abdominal fat and edible offal (liver, heart and gizzard). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression at 5 % probability using the computer program SAS (2001). Concluded that there was a linear increase in weight gain of birds and feed intake with increasing levels of inclusion of the cassava root meal, can be used up to 48% in the diet without prejudice to animal performance.</p>