Abstract Human posture estimation is the basis of many computer vision tasks, such as motion recognition, violence detection and behavior understanding. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the estimation algorithm of human motion posture (HMP). To address the problem of poor estimation effect of traditional HMP estimation algorithm, in this paper, an estimation algorithm for HMP using multi-labeling transfer learning is proposed. First, the original human motion image is labeled by using the multi-label transfer learning, the HMP features are extracted, and the original image classification is completed. Second, a regulator is constructed based on the classification results of the original image, and the regulator is used to adjust the estimation results of HMP based on a convolutional neural networks. Finally, the posture compensation function is used to compensate for the error part to realize the estimation of HMP. In the experiment, the Human3.6m data set and MPII data set were used as the basis for testing. The results show that the proposed algorithm has high correct recognition rate of HMP. The similarity between the posture estimation results, and the target image is 92%-97%. The accuracy of posture estimation is 98.1%. The proposed algorithm can be widely used in many fields, such as human-computer interaction, recognition authentication and intelligent monitoring.

Objective: To gather current evidence on the impact of antipsychotics on long-term mortality in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: We systematically searched for articles in Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO reporting the long-term mortality (follow-up > 1 year) of patients with schizophrenia who were using any antipsychotics. We then conducted multiple meta-analyses to determine differences in long-term mortality between different types of antipsychotics. Results: We identified 45 articles that provided unadjusted long-term mortality rates, including 46,171 deaths during 2,394,911 person-years. The pooled mortality rate was 9.9 (95%CI = 7.4-12.7) per 1,000 person-years. The unadjusted crude mortality rate of antipsychotic drug users was lower than that of non-users (risk ratio [RR] = 0.546, 95%CI = 0.480-0.621), first-generation antipsychotics caused higher all-cause mortality than second-generation antipsychotics (RR = 1.485, 95%CI = 1.361-1.620), and polypharmacy had better effects than monotherapy on long-term mortality (RR = 0.796, 95%CI = 0.689-0.921). As for the causes of death, heart disease and cardiovascular disease ranked highest among cause-specific mortality (5.6 per 1,000 person-years). Conclusion: Since antipsychotics had a beneficial effect on long-term mortality in schizophrenia, greater precaution should be taken with patients who do not take them. However, since disease severity, comorbidities, and other confounding factors cannot be fully controlled, further research and verification are needed.

Abstract Inflammation-related immune responses and bone metabolism lead to extensive tooth loss in periodontitis. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist anti-inflammatory treatment in vitro and in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis in vivo . Methodology: Splenocytes were isolated from C57BL/6J mice and cultured for 48 hours under the following conditions: control, P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 µg/ml); experimental, LPS (1 µg/ml) + PPARα agonist (fenofibrate) at 1, 10, 50, 100 µM. MRNA and secreted protein levels of TNF-α expression were detected by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Silk ligatures (7-0) were tied around maxillary second molars of C57BL/6J mice for two weeks. Optimized doses of fenofibrate (50 µM) and vehicle control were injected into the contralateral side of the palatal gingiva on days three, six, and nine. At day 14, bone resorption, osteoclastogenesis, and gingival mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and RANKL/OPG were measured by micro-computed tomography, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and Real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Results: TNF-α expression in cultured spleen cells were significantly increased in the presence of LPS, when compared with the control group, and significantly reduced by fenofibrate treatment in a dose-dependent manner from 1-100 µM (p<0.05). Gingival mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and the ratio of RANKL/OPG, were significantly decreased after injection of fenofibrate, when compared to the control side (p<0.05). Periodontal bone loss and TRAP positive cell formation were significantly decreased on the side with an injection of fenofibrate, as compared to the control side (p<0.05). Conclusions: An anti-inflammatory treatment, PPARα agonist, inhibited inflammation and periodontal bone loss in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis.

Abstract Background The relationship between the solid fuels and the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is inconclusive. Methods A birth cohort study of 10,452 pregnant women without chronic hypertension was conducted from 2010 to 2012 at the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital in Lanzhou, China. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship. Results Compared to pregnant women using gas as cooking fuel, pregnant women using coal (OR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.85-3.51)and biomass (OR=3.58, 95% CI: 2.29-5.60) were associated with an increased risk of PIH, gestational hypertension (biomass: OR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.68-6.80), and preeclampsia (coal: OR=2.89, 95% CI: 1.98-4.21; biomass: OR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.95-5.84).The relationship between cooking fuel and PIH is modified by maternal age(p<0.0001), pre-pregnancy BMI (p<0.0001), gestational weigh gain(p<0.0001), parity(p<0.0001), and multiple birth (p<0.0001). Conclusions During pregnancy, exposure to coal or biomass was associated with an increased risk of PIH and preeclampsia.

Abstract Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) plays a key role in tea processing. It catalyzes the conversion of tea polyphenols into theaflavin and its derivatives. PPO was partially purified and characterized in both its soluble form (sPPO) and membrane-bound form (mPPO) from tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. Both forms were purified by three-phase partitioning and membrane ultrafiltration. sPPO and mPPO showed high activity against diphenols as substrate and had the highest affinity for catechol and caffeic acid. The optimum temperatures and pH for enzyme activity were different. mPPO was more stable than sPPO in the acidic pH range. Among the chemical inhibitors studied, oxalic acid exerted the highest inhibitory effect on mPPO, whereas EDTA showed the highest inhibitory effect on sPPO. Both sPPO and mPPO showed similar enzymatic synthesis rates in the formation of theaflavin-3'-gallate and theaflavin-3,3'-gallate. At high concentrations of the substrate, the synthesis of theaflavins was inhibited due to the presence of high levels of ester catechins. However, mPPO showed stronger stability against inhibition by ester catechins than sPPO.

Abstract A series of mesoporous materials supported ionic liquids were prepared and tested as effective and practical catalysts for the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles. The effects of type of catalysts, catalyst amount, and catalyst stability have also been investigated in detail, the catalyst Ti-SBA-15@ILTsO exhibited excellent activity in excellent yields of 92 % ~ 99 % with low catalyst amount at room temperature within 1 h. In addition, the supported ionic liquid can be easily recovered and reused for six times with satisfactory catalytic activity. Furthermore, a general synergetic catalytic mechanism for the reaction was proposed. Maybe this work employing Ti-SBA-15@ILTsO as highly efficient and stable catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles has potential commercial applications.

Resumen Se prepararon y probaron una serie de materiales mesoporosos soportados con líquidos iónicos como catalizadores eficaces y prácticos para la síntesis de 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles. También se investigaron en detalle los efectos del tipo de catalizadores, la cantidad de catalizador y la estabilidad del catalizador. El catalizador Ti-SBA-15@ILTsO mostró una excelente actividad con rendimientos excelentes del 92 % ~ 99% con una baja cantidad de catalizador a temperatura ambiente en 1 h. Además, el líquido iónico soportado puede recuperarse fácilmente y reutilizarse durante seis veces con una actividad catalítica satisfactoria. Por otro lado, se propuso un mecanismo catalítico sinérgico general para la reacción. Este trabajo que emplea Ti-SBA-15@ILTsO como catalizador altamente eficiente y estable para la síntesis de 2,4,5-triaril-1H-imidazoles puede tener aplicaciones potencialmente comerciales.

Lung adenocarcinomas are usually sensitive to radiation therapy, but some develop resistance. Radiation resistance can lead to poor patient prognosis. Studies have shown that lung adenocarcinoma cells (H1299 cells) can develop radioresistance through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and this process is regulated by miRNAs. However, it is unclear which miRNAs are involved in the process of EMT. In our present study, we found that miR-183 expression was increased in a radioresistant lung adenocarcinoma cell line (H1299R cells). We then explored the regulatory mechanism of miR-183 and found that it may be involved in the regulation of zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) expression and mediate EMT in lung adenocarcinoma cells. qPCR results showed that miR-183, ZEB1, and vimentin were highly expressed in H1299R cells, whereas no difference was observed in E-cadherin expression. Western blot results showed that ZEB1 and vimentin were highly expressed in H1299R cells, while E-cadherin expression was decreased. When miR-183 expression was inhibited in H1299R cells, radiation resistance, proliferation, and cell migration were decreased. The expression of ZEB1 and vimentin in H1299R cells was decreased, while the expression of E-cadherin was increased. Moreover, miR-183 overexpression in H1299 cells enhanced radiation resistance, proliferative capacity, and cell migration ability. The expression of ZEB1 and vimentin in H1299 cells was increased, while that of E-cadherin was decreased. In conclusion, miR-183 may promote EMT and radioresistance in H1299 cells, and targeting the miR-183-ZEB1 signaling pathway may be a promising approach for lung cancer treatment.

Abstract Superoxide dismutase proteins (SODs) are antioxidant enzymes with important roles in abiotic stress responses. The SOD gene family has been systematically analyzed in many plants; however, it is still poorly understood in maize. Here, a bioinformatics analysis of maize SOD gene family was conducted by describing gene structure, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, gene duplications, promoter cis-elements and GO annotations. In total, 13 SOD genes were identified in maize and five members were involved in segmental duplication. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SODs from maize and other plants comprised two groups, which could be further classified into different subgroups, with most members in the same subgroup having the same subcellular localization. The ZmSOD promoters contained 2-10 stress-responsive cis-elements with different distributions. Heatmap analysis indicated that ZmSODs were expressed in most of the detected tissues and organs. The expression patterns of ZmSODs were investigated under drought and salt treatments by qRT-PCR, and most members were responsive to drought or salt stress, especially some ZmSODs with significant expression changes were identified, such as ZmCSD2 and ZmMSD2, suggesting the important roles of ZmSODs in abiotic stress responses. Our results provide an important basis for further functional study of ZmSODs in future study.

RESUMEN Debido a que los resultados de calibración de alta precisión de la capa subterránea de petróleo son de gran importancia para la eficiencia en la producción de petróleo, este estudio usa la investigación sobre el método de calibración de la capa subterránea de petróleo con base en la gravedad de alta precisión y la exploración magnética. El modelo magnético de gravedad se utilizó para medir la profundidad de la roca madre. Además se obtuvieron los resultados de la estructura del basamento y la distribución de rocas sedimentarias a través de la gravedad y la geología magnética en un prospecto de petróleo subterráneo en la cuenca Tongbai. Sobre esta base, los datos geológicos, los datos de registro, los datos sísmicos y los datos del Perfil Sísmico Vertical (VSP) se usaron de manera integral, y el método de calibración en capas se usó para calibrar la capa subterránea de petróleo de la cuenca Tongbai. De acuerdo con el dato sísmico y con la elevación del núcleo en el área, la formación rocosa se dividió en varias curvas de registro. La diferencia de tiempo promedio y la densidad de las capas de roca divididas se interpolaron a intervalos de profundidad iguales para obtener secuencias de velocidad y secuencias de densidad a intervalos de tiempo iguales, y finalmente realizar la conversión de profundidad de tiempo. Cuando el horizonte geológico de perforación se unifica, el registro sintético de la capa de reflexión sísmica se compara con el horizonte geológico para realizar la calibración del horizonte de la capa de reflexión sísmica. Cuando la estratificación local no es uniforme, la capa de reflexión sísmica se calibra con la capa de reflexión sísmica, el análisis de velocidad de alta precisión y varios registros sintéticos para verificar la fiabilidad del horizonte geológico. Los resultados muestran que el método propuesto puede estudiar con precisión las condiciones geológicas de la cuenca Tongbai. Este método detectó 14 fallas en el basamento, y también que las fallas de tendencia NW y NE controlaron la cuenca, mientras que las fallas norte-sur controlaron la evolución posterior de la cuenca. El método puede usarse para la calibración del horizonte de pozos inclinados, que es adecuado no solo para medios anisotrópicos, sino también para formaciones con menor variación lateral de la litología de formación local. Además, su uso es flexible y puede corregirse con múltiples datos de velocidad.

ABSTRACT The high-precision calibration results of the petroleum underground layer are of great significance for oil production efficiency. This study uses the gravity magnetic model to retrieve the bedrock depth. The results of the basement structure and sedimentary rock distribution through the gravity and magnetic geology in the petroleum underground prospect of the Tongbai basin were also obtained. On this basis, the geological data, logging data, seismic data, and the Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) data has been comprehensively used, as the layered calibration method was used to calibrate the petroleum underground layer. Considering the seismic datum and the core elevation in the area, the rock formation is divided by various logging curves. The average time difference and density of the divided rock layers are interpolated at equal depth intervals to obtain velocity sequences and density sequences at equal time intervals and finally realize time-depth conversion. When the drilling geological horizon is unified, the synthetic record of the seismic reflection layer is compared with the geological horizon to realize the horizon calibration of the seismic reflection layer. When the local stratification is not uniform, the seismic reflection layer is calibrated by tracking the seismic reflection layer, high-precision velocity analysis, and various synthetic records to verify the reliability of the geological horizon. The results show that the proposed method can accurately survey the geological conditions of the Tongbai basin. It detected 14 basement faults, and that the NW-trending and NE-trending faults controlled the basin, while the North-South faults controlled the later evolution of the basin. The method can be used for the horizon calibration of inclined wells, which is suitable not only for anisotropic media but also for formations with a less lateral variation of local formation lithology. Moreover, its usage is flexible, and it can be corrected by multiple speed data.

Abstract A novel type of multifunctional nanocatalysts (La-/Sm-PMO-ILCl) based on the immobilization of benzotriazolium ionic liquid and further incorporation of samarium acetate or lanthanum acetate onto periodic mesoporous organosilica were afforded for the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates. In consequence of the intramolecular synergistic effect between samarium sites of periodic mesoporous organosilica and homogeneously dispersed basic sites of ionic liquid, the powerful catalyst Sm-PMO-ILCl offered superior catalytic performance with ultra high yields and selectivities in the cycloaddition reaction without the addition of any solvent and cocatalyst. Moreover, the catalyst Sm-PMO-ILCl could be easily recovered by filtration and reused for at least five runs without any significant loss of its catalytic activity.

Resumen Se prepararon nuevos nano catalizadores (La-(Sm-PMO-ILC1) por la vía de inmovilización del líquido iónico benzotriazolium y adición se acetato de samario o acetato de lantano en organosilice mesoporosa. Los catalizadores se evaluaron en la ciclo adición de CO2 y epóxidos para producir carbonatos cíclicos. El efecto sinérgico intramolecular entre los sitios de samario de la organosilice y los sitios básicos del líquido iónico homogéneamente distribuidos inducen una alta actividad catalítica en el catalizador Sm-PMO-ILC1. Así, con este catalizador se obtuvo alta conversión y selectividad en la reacción de ciclo adición, sin agregar solvente ni co-catalizador. Además, el catalizador Sm-PMO-ILC1 podría recuperarse fácilmente por filtración y reusado por al menos 5 corridas sin pérdida significativa de su actividad catalítica.

ABSTRACT The effects of quenching process on microstructure and hardness of High-Boron High-Speed Steel (HB-HSS) containing 0.4%C-6.0%Cr-4.0%Mo-1.0%V-1.0%Si-0.5Mn-x%B-y%Al (x=1.0, 1.5, 2.0, y=1.0, 2.0, 3.0) were investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Rockwell hardness tester. The experimental results indicate that the quenching microstructure of HB-HSS consists of α-Fe, M2(B, C), M7(B, C)3 and a few of M23(C, B)6 。With the increase of quenching temperature, the net structure of borocarbides is damaged and the borocarbides are evenly distributed in the matrix. When the quenching temperature is 1050 °C, the Rockwell hardness of HB-HSS increases with the increase of boron content. The Rockwell hardness of HB-HSS decreases with the increase of aluminum content. When the quenching temperature is 1050 °C, the aluminum content is 1.0% and boron content is 1.0%-2.0%, the combination of the microstructure and the hardness of HB-HSS is the best.

Abstract Background: Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, which seriously affects human health. Gramicidin is a short peptide antibiotic which could be used for treating infection induced by bacteria or fungi. However, the anti-cancer effect of gramicidin on gastric cancer cells and its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Results: Gastric cancer cells SGC-7901, BGC-823 and normal gastric mucosal cells GES-1 were treated with different concentrations of gramicidin respectively. The results of CCK-8 experiment revealed cellular toxicity of gramicidin to cancer cells while cell colony formation assay showed that gramicidin significantly inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, but had little effect on normal gastric mucosal cells. In addition, the wound healing assay showed that gramicidin inhibited the migration of SGC-7901 cell. Meanwhile, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis revealed that gramicidin induced cell apoptosis with G2/M cell cycle inhibition. Furthermore, western blot analysis demonstrated that gramicidin down-regulated the expression of cyclinD1 and Bcl-2 as well as the FoxO1 phosphorylation. Conclusions: The current study illustrated the anti-tumor activity of gramicidin on gastric cancer cells, providing a possibility for gramicidin to be applied in clinical practice for the treatment of gastric cancer.

ABSTRACT In this study, an Al-Y coating was applied to enhance the property of oxidation resistance on the surface of γ-TiAl alloys by rf magnetron sputtering. The isothermal oxidation tests were investigated at 900 °C for 100 h. The coating characteristics and microstructure of coating after isothermal oxidation were inspected by XRD and SEM methods respectively, and coating bonding strength was investigated by scratch tester. Results show that Al2O3 and Y2O3 were produced on the surface of γ-TiAl alloys to enhance oxidation resistance during the isothermal oxidation test. Diffusion layer with rich element of Al provides abundant Al to surface for formation of a continuous Al2O3 layer which increases oxidation resistance effectively. Oxides of YAlO3 and YAG were formed during the oxidation tests, which were beneficial for the strength, hardness and fracture toughness of crystal grain of Al2O3. Furthermore, Element of Ti diffused into surface from substrate was restrained by Al because of the formation of TiAl3 and TiAl, which avoid the layer-broken by titanium oxides with porous structure

Resumo Introdução A abordagem tradicional de Caldwell-Luc precisa de modificações para os cistos odontogênicos que se introduzem no seio maxilar, para preservar a mucosa sinusal e o contorno ósseo. Recentemente, a tecnologia digital tem sido amplamente aplicada ao campo da cirurgia maxilofacial, orienta o plano cirúrgico e melhora sua precisão. Objetivo Esse estudo teve como objetivo apresentar e avaliar a cirurgia funcional de cistos odontogênicos intrusivos no seio maxilar utilizando um desenho pré-cirúrgico assistido por computador. Método Foram recrutados pacientes consecutivos com cistos odontogênicos intrusivos na parte posterior do seio maxilar. O método I, "método de reimplante de parede óssea", foi feito em lesões grandes que excediam a crista zigomático-alveolar, mas sem destruição óssea aparente da parede anterior do seio, enquanto o método II, "método de remoção óssea", foi mais conveniente para pequenas lesões próximas à crista zigomático-alveolar. O espaço foi preenchido com um retalho pediculado do corpo adiposo bucal após a remoção da lesão e todos os casos foram feitos sem antrostomia meatal inferior. Resultados Um total de 45 casos foram incluídos no estudo. Vinte e dois foram submetidos à cirurgia utilizando-se o método I, enquanto que 23 foram submetidos ao método II. As operações foram concluídas em 20 minutos. A dor desapareceu em média após 3,62 dias, e o edema, depois de 6,47 dias. Hemorragia nasal ocorreu em 8 pacientes com duração de 1 a 3 dias. Processo supurativa foi observado em 1 paciente ocorrendo após a reposição óssea. Outros retalhos reposicionados livres da parede óssea não mostraram reabsorção em imagens de TC. Conclusões A mucosa sinusal e a parede óssea devem ser preservadas; o desenho digital pré-operatório pode orientar a osteotomia de forma eficaz durante a cirurgia; a reposição óssea não é adequada em processos supurativos. O retalho pediculado de corpo adiposo bucal é suficiente para a drenagem e antrostomia meatal inferior não é necessária.

Abstract Introduction Traditional Caldwell-Luc approach needs modifications for odontogenic cysts intruding into the maxillary sinus, to preserve sinus mucosa and bony contour. Recently, digital technology has been widely applied to the field of maxillofacial surgery, guiding the surgical plan and improving its accuracy. Objective This study attempted to present and evaluate the functional surgery of odontogenic cysts intruding into the maxillary sinus using a computer-assisted pre-surgical design. Methods Consecutive patients with odontogenic cysts intruding into the posterior part of the maxillary sinus were enrolled. Method I "Bony wall reimplantation method" was performed for large lesions exceeding the zygomatic alveolar crest but without apparent bone destruction of the anterior wall of the sinus, while Method II "bone removal method" was more convenient for small lesions near to the zygomatic alveolar crest. The gap was filled with a pedicled buccal fat pad after lesion removal and all cases were without inferior meatal antrostomy. Results A total of 45 cases were included in the study. 22 were operated using method I while 23 were operated with method II. Operations were completed in 20 min. Pain disappeared in 3.62 days on average, and swelling 6.47 days. Nasal bleeding occurred in 8 patients lasting 1-3 days. Suppurative inflammation was observed in 1 patient, and infection occurred after bone reposition. Other repositioned free bony wall was without resorption in CT images. Conclusions Sinus mucosa and bony wall should be conserved. Preoperative digital design can guide osteotomy effectively during the surgery. Bone reposition is not suitable for suppurative inflammation. The pedicled buccal fat pad is enough for drainage and inferior meatal antrostomy is not necessary.

Abstract Local administration of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), agonist cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODNs), and CD40 ligand (CD40L) can decrease ligature-induced periodontal inflammation and bone loss in wild type (WT) mouse. Objective: This study aimed to explore whether such effect is dependent on TLR9 signaling. Material and Methods: Purified spleen B cells isolated from WT C57BL/6J mice and TLR9 knockout (KO) mice were cultured for 48 hours under the following conditions: CD40L, CpG+CD40L, CpG at low, medium and high doses. We determined B cell numbers using a hemocytometer at 24 h and 48 h. Percentages of CD1dhiCD5+ B cells were detected by flow cytometry. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA expression and protein secretion were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and by ELISA, respectively. The silk ligature was tied around the maxillary second molars for 14 days, during which the CpG+CD40L mixture or PBS was injected into palatal gingiva on days 3, 6, and 9. Results: For both WT and TLR9 KO mice, CpG significantly induced B cell proliferation, increased IL-10 mRNA expression and protein secretion of IL-10 but reduced CD1dhiCD5+ B cells population; local injection of CpG+CD40L mixture significantly decreased alveolar bone loss and the number of TRAP-positive cells adjacent to the alveolar bone surface, and significantly increased the gingival mRNA expression of IL-10 and decreased RANKL and IFN-γ mRNA expression. Conclusions: These results indicated that CpG plus CD40L decreased periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss in a TLR9-independent manner in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis.