ABSTRACT Against the background of a sharp decline in soybean planting, rising imports, and natural disasters in China, finding appropriate distribution areas for soybean has become a matter of urgency so that soybean planting policies can be formulated and soybean food security ensured. Among the numerous ecological niche models, the most suitable one for predicting potential distribution areas of soybean in the frigid region must be identified. Based on 65 soybean occurrence points and nine environmental variables, three ecological niche models, MaxEnt, BIOCLIM, and DOMAIN, were applied to the prediction of potential distribution areas for soybean. According to the analytical comparison, the three models predicted the potential distribution of soybean and, specifically, MaxEnt, stood out above the other two models as regards predicting the soybean distribution (Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, AUC = 0.916, Kappa = 0.685). The potential distribution areas (from low suitability to high suitability) predicted by MaxEnt was the largest and accounted for 59.5 % of the total area. The potential suitable distribution area of soybean was mainly concentrated in relatively flat terrain. The Sanjiang Plain and the Northeast Plain accounted for 9.4 % of the total area in the frigid region and are highly suitability for soybean. At the same time, annual mean temperature, elevation and Apr solar radiation were the key determinants affecting soybeans’ habitat. On the whole, the selection of ecological niche models and the prediction of soybean potential distribution can provide an essential reference for soybean planting and planning. Moreover, it would be a reliable example for the subsequent related research on soybean habitats.

Abstract Objective: To determine whether peripheral blood parameters have any predictive value for all-frequency Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL). Methods: We chose 78 individuals with all-frequency SSNHL who had been admitted to our department. They were divided into two groups: the effective group and the ineffective group. In patients with all-frequency SSNHL, the prognostic variables, including peripheral blood tests and clinical traits, were examined by a logistic regression analysis. In addition, the predictive value was carried out. Results: The effective rate of all-frequency SSNHL was 61.5%. Pre-treatment hearing level and the proportion of patients with diabetes were both significantly lower in the effective group than in the ineffective group (p = 0.024 and 0.000, respectively). The levels of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein were also significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.001 and 0.025, respectively). Pre-treatment hearing level and fibrinogen level both significantly impacted the prognosis of all-frequency SSNHL (p = 0.032 and 0.002, respectively), according to a logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, the prognosis was significantly predicted by both fibrinogen level and pre-treatment hearing level (p = 0.001 and 0.0002, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the fibrinogen level had a sensitivity of 85.4% and a specificity of 60.0% for predicting the prognosis of all-frequency SSNHL. Conclusion: For the prognosis of all-frequency SSNHL, the fibrinogen level can be regarded as a useful predictor. The level of C-reactive protein, however, does not have a significant prognostic effect on predicting all-frequency SSNHL. Therefore, more attention should be devoted to the level of fibrinogen in the acute period of all-frequency SSNHL. Level of Evidence: 4.

Abstract Objectives: manganese (Mn) is closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance (IR), but the exact mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to explore the regulatory effects and mechanism of Mn on IR using hepatocyte IR model induced by high palmitate (PA), high glucose (HG) or insulin. Methods: HepG2 cells were exposed to PA (200 µM), HG (25 mM) or insulin (100 nM) respectively, alone or with 5 µM Mn for 24 hours. The expression of key proteins in insulin signaling pathway, intracellular glycogen content and glucose accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity were detected. Results: compared with control group, the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in the three IR groups was declined, and this decrease was reversed by Mn. The reduction of intracellular glycogen content and increase in glucose accumulation in IR groups were also inhibited by Mn. Additionally, the production of ROS was increased in IR models, compared with normal control group, while Mn reduced the excessive production of ROS induced by PA, HG or insulin. However, Mn did not alter the activity of MnSOD in the three IR models. Conclusion: this study demonstrated that Mn treatment can improve IR in hepatocytes. The mechanism is probably by reducing the level of intracellular oxidative stress, enhancing the activity of Akt/GSK-3β/FOXO1 signal pathway, promoting glycogen synthesis, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis.

Resumen Objetivos: el manganeso (Mn) está estrechamente relacionado con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la resistencia a la insulina (RI), pero el mecanismo exacto aún no está claro. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar los efectos reguladores y el mecanismo del Mn sobre la RI utilizando un modelo de RI en hepatocitos inducido por palmitato alto (PA), glucosa alta (HG) o insulina. Métodos: las células HepG2 se expusieron a PA (200 µM), HG (25 mM) o insulina (100 nM), solas o junto con 5 µM de Mn durante 24 horas. Se evaluó la expresión de proteínas clave en la vía de señalización de la insulina, el contenido intracelular de glucógeno y la acumulación de glucosa, el nivel de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) y la actividad superóxido dismutasa del manganeso (MnSOD). Resultados: en comparación con el grupo de control, la expresión de proteína quinasa B fosforilada (Akt), la glucógeno sintasa quinasa-3β (GSK-3β) y la proteína forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) en los tres grupos de RI se redujo, y esta disminución fue revertida por el Mn. La reducción del contenido de glucógeno intracelular y el aumento de la acumulación de glucosa en los grupos de RI también fueron inhibidos por el Mn. Además, la producción de ROS aumentó en los modelos de RI en comparación con el grupo de control normal. Mientras que el Mn redujo la producción excesiva de ROS inducida por PA, HG o insulina. Sin embargo, el Mn no alteró la actividad de la MnSOD en los tres modelos de RI. Conclusión: este estudio demostró que el tratamiento con Mn puede mejorar la RI en hepatocitos. El mecanismo probablemente sea mediante la reducción del nivel de estrés oxidativo intracelular, mejorando la actividad de la vía de señalización Akt/GSK-3β/FOXO1, promoviendo la síntesis de glucógeno e inhibiendo la gluconeogénesis.

Abstract Background: Studies have shown that the overall incidence rate of herpeszoster (HZ) in China is 6.64 cases per 1000 people, despite such harms brought by postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), the mechanism of the disease remains unclear in China. Currently, effective biomarkers to predict PHN remain unavailable, which makes it difficult to prevent and successfully treat PHN. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the serum interleukin-6 level in PHN. Methods: The serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured by multi-antibody sandwich ELISA. The likert scale was used to represent the degree of neuralgia in the patients. Patients with PHN were divided into a mild PHN group and a severe PHN group according to the Likert scale. ROC curve was performed for evaluating the diagnostic efficiency of IL6 for PHN. The correlation between the IL6 level and the Likert scale before and after treatment with gabapentin and mecobalamin was analyzed. Results: IL6 levels in PHN patients resulted higher compared to volunteers. Patients in the severe PHN group had a higher serum IL6 level than in the mild PHN group. The Likert scale score was related to the serum IL6 levels and the frequency of IL6 levels above the cutoff value (4.95pg/mL) in PNH groups before and after treatment (p<0.05). Study limitations: Pain is subjective. Some mental states, such as anxiety and depression, greatly influence an individual’s perception of pain, and pain tolerance can vary between people. Therefore, pain scores can be affected by different individual factors. Conclusions: The serum IL6 levels may be used as a biochemical indicator of the severity of PNH.

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the effect of ischemic postconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: Forty adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group (SO group), myocardial ischemia-reperfusion group (IR group), ischemic preconditioning group (IPRE group) and ischemic postconditioning group (IPOST group) (10 mice in each group). Anterior descending coronary artery was blocked for 60 min and then reperfused for 15 min to induce myocardial IR. For the IPRE group, 3 consecutive cycles of 5 min of occlusion and 5 minutes of reperfusion of the coronary arteries were performed before ischemia. For the IPOST group, 3 consecutive cycles of 5 min reperfusion and 5 minutes of occlusion of the coronary arteries were performed before reperfusion. Pathological changes of lung tissue, lung wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress indicators, apoptosis of lung cells and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) protein were used to evaluate lung injury. Results: After myocardial IR, lung injury worsened significantly, manifested by alveolar congestion, hemorrhage, structural destruction of alveolar septal thickening, and interstitial neutrophil infiltration. In addition, lung W/D ratio was increased, plasma inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-17A, were increased, malondialdehyde (MDA) activity of lung tissue was increased, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased after myocardial IR. It was accompanied by the increased protein expression levels of ERS-related protein glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12, and the increased apoptotic indices of lung tissues. Conclusion: IPOST can effectively improve myocardial IR-induced ALI by inhibiting ERS-induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells.

Resumo Exceto por alguns insetos-pau que são economicamente valiosos, a maioria das espécies pode ser considerada praga florestal, por isso é extremamente importante obter informações sobre o uso de hospedeiros de plantas de mais insetos-pau. Neste artigo, as plantas hospedeiras de três espécies de bicho-pau foram registradas pela primeira vez. Também descobrimos que esses bichos-pau podem se alimentar de flores ou folhas de plantas. Lopaphus unidentatus (Chen & He, 1995) (Phasmida: Lonchodidae) atacou a parede de Hypericum choisianum. ex N. Robson, 1973 (Hypericaceae), Leurophasma dolichocercum Bi, 1995 (Phasmida: Aschiphasmatidae) atacou Antenoron filiforme (Thunb.) Roberty & Vautier, 1964 (Polygonaceae) e Megalophasma granulatum Bi, 1995 (Phasmida: Lonchodidae orientaled) atacou Chen, 1991 (Urticaceae). Finalmente, tivemos a sorte de também obter fotos deles se acasalando e se alimentando.

Abstract Except for a few stick insects that are economically valuable, most species be considered to be forest pests, so it is extremely important to obtain plant host-use information of more stick insects. In this paper, the plant hosts of three species of stick insects were recorded for the first time. We also discovered these stick insects can feed upon the flowers or leaves of plants. Lopaphus unidentatus (Chen & He, 1995) (Phasmida: Lonchodidae) attacked Hypericum choisianum Wall. ex N. Robson, 1973 (Hypericaceae), Leurophasma dolichocercum Bi, 1995 (Phasmida: Aschiphasmatidae) attacked Antenoron filiforme (Thunb.) Roberty & Vautier, 1964 (Polygonaceae) and Megalophasma granulatum Bi, 1995 (Phasmida: Lonchodidae) attacked Debregeasia orientalis C. J. Chen, 1991 (Urticaceae). Finally, we were lucky enough to also obtain photographs of them mating and feeding.

RESUMO A doença periodontal (DP) é uma doença inflamatória oral e a perda óssea alveolar é seu sinal mais importante. No entanto, os efeitos do exercício sobre os fatores inflamatórios e a perda óssea alveolar em indivíduos com DP têm sido pouco estudados. Esta metanálise avalia o efeito do exercício físico sobre a perda óssea alveolar (POA) e o perfil inflamatório da DP em modelos animais. Estudos relevantes publicados até julho de 2020 em PubMed, Medline, Embase e Web of Science foram pesquisados depois de desenvolver a pesquisa com o método PICO. A avaliação da qualidade e o risco de viés foram analisados de acordo com o protocolo SYRCLE. Um total de 52 referências foram recuperadas, quatro das quais foram consideradas elegíveis para inclusão. Um total de 34 ratos Wistar machos dos estudos incluídos foram avaliados quanto à perda de osso alveolar e avaliados quanto ao perfil inflamatório. Os resultados indicaram que o exercício físico pode reduzir a perda de osso alveolar (IC 95% -2,85 a -0,82, p = 0,002) e o fator de necrose tumoral pró-inflamatório-α (TNFα) no soro ou tecido gengival (IC 95% -0,45 a -0,24, p < 0,00001). Inversamente, o exercício aumentou a interleucina-10 anti-inflamatória (IL-10) no soro ou no tecido gengival (IC 95% 0,28 a 0,69, p < 0,00001). Contudo, um estudo relatou resultado negativo na expressão de TNFα e IL-10. As evidências atuais indicam que o exercício físico contribui para melhorar a DP, reduzindo a perda de osso alveolar e a inflamação em modelos animais de DP, o que sugere que o exercício moderado pode ser implementado na prática clínica para manter a saúde periodontal. Nível de Evidência I; Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise.

ABSTRACT Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory oral disease and alveolar bone loss is the most important sign of PD. However, the effects of exercise on inflammatory factors and alveolar bone loss in individuals with PD have been little studied. This meta-analysis assesses the effect of physical exercise on alveolar bone loss (ABL) and the inflammatory profile of PD in animal models. Relevant studies published through July 2020 in PubMed, Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searched after developing a PICOS statement. Quality assessment and risk of bias were analyzed according to the SYRCLE protocol. A total of 52 references were retrieved, 4 of which were considered eligible for inclusion. A total of thirty-four male Wistar rats from the included studies were evaluated for alveolar bone loss and assessed for inflammatory profile. The results indicated that physical exercise could reduce alveolar bone loss (95% CI -2.85 to -0.82, p = 0.002) and the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) in serum or gingival tissue (95% CI -0.45 to -0.24, p < 0.00001). Inversely, exercise increased anti-inflammatory interleukin–10 (IL-10) in serum or gingival tissue (95% CI 0.28 to 0.69, p < 0.00001). However, one study reported a negative result in the expression of TNF-α and IL-10. Current evidence indicates that physical exercise contributes to ameliorate PD by reducing alveolar bone loss and inflammation in animal PD models, which suggests that moderate exercise can be implemented in clinical practice to maintain periodontal health. Level of Evidence I; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

RESUMEN La enfermedad periodontal (EP) es una enfermedad inflamatoria oral y la pérdida de hueso alveolar es su signo más importante. Sin embargo, los efectos del ejercicio sobre los factores inflamatorios y la pérdida ósea alveolar en individuos con EP han sido poco estudiados. Este meta-análisis evalúa el efecto del ejercicio sobre la pérdida ósea alveolar (POA) y el perfil inflamatorio de la EP en modelos animales. Se llevaron a cabo estudios relevantes publicados hasta julio de 2020 en PubMed, Medline, Embase y Web of Science tras desarrollar la investigación con el método PICO. La evaluación de la calidad y el riesgo de sesgo se analizaron según el protocolo SYRCLE. Se recuperó un total de 52 referencias, cuatro de las cuales se consideraron elegibles para su inclusión. En un total de 34 ratas Wistar macho de los estudios incluidos se evaluó la pérdida de hueso alveolar y el perfil inflamatorio. Los resultados indicaron que el ejercicio puede reducir la pérdida de hueso alveolar (IC del 95%: -2,85 a -0,82; p = 0,002) y el factor de necrosis tumoral proinflamatorio-α (TNFα) en suero o tejido gingival (IC del 95%: -0,45 a -0,24; p < 0,00001). Por el contrario, el ejercicio aumentó la interleucina-10 (IL-10) antiinflamatoria en el suero o en el tejido gingival (IC del 95%: 0,28 a 0,69; p < 0,00001). Sin embargo, un estudio informó de un resultado negativo en la expresión de TNFα e IL-10. Las pruebas actuales indican que el ejercicio contribuye a mejorar la EP al reducir la pérdida de hueso alveolar y la inflamación en modelos animales de EP, lo que sugiere que se puede implementar el ejercicio moderado en la práctica clínica para mantener la salud periodontal. Nivel de Evidencia I; Revisión Sistemática y Meta-análisis.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is related to sepsis-related mortality. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome caused by severe infection, tumors, or autoimmunity without a specific diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between RDW and mortality in patients with HLH. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective study conducted in a hospital in China. METHODS: A total of 101 inpatients with HLH from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 were divided into non-survivor (n = 52) and survivor (n = 49) groups. A non-parametric test was used to analyze demographic, clinical, and laboratory data between groups. Independent variables with P < 0.05 were analyzed using binary logistic regression to screen out mortality-related variables. Selected variables were subjected to multivariate logistic regression analysis, and those with strong correlations were screened. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of strongly correlated variables and area under curve (AUC) values were obtained. RESULTS: The APACHE II score, RDW, and platelet (PLT) and fibrinogen (FIB) levels (P < 0.05) different significantly. RDW, PLT, FIB were correlated with mortality. The AUC values of RDW, PLT, and FIB were 0.857, 0.797, and 0.726, respectively. RDW was associated with mortality in patients with HLH (P < 0.01, cut-off value: 16.9). The sensitivity and specificity of predicting mortality were 97.96% and 96.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Logistic regression analysis showed a correlation between RDW and patients’ mortality. Therefore, RDW can be used to predict mortality in patients with HLH.

Abstract Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with various chemometrics methods was tried to identify the fresh tea leaves at different altitudes quickly and nondestructively. Three kinds of samples were collected, then scanning NIRS, conducting spectral preprocessing to remove noise information, using backward interval partial least squares to screen characteristic spectral intervals, going on principal component analysis, respectively. Finally, least squares support vector machine method (LS-SVM) was applied to establish NIRS models, whose robustness was tested by prediction set samples. The best pretreated method was the combination of multivariate scattering correction and the first derivative. Six characteristic spectral intervals were screened, and the corresponding spectral wavenumbers were 4821.2-5091.2 cm-1, 5368.9-5638.8 cm-1, 6190.4-6460.4 cm-1, 7011.9-7281.9 cm-1, 8924.9-9191.1 cm-1 and 9734.9-10000 cm-1. The cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 99.92%. The root mean square error of the cross validation and the determination coefficient of the calibration set model were 0.027 and 0.973, respectively. The root mean square error and the determination coefficient of the prediction set model were 0.034 and 0.968, respectively. The discrimination accuracy in prediction set was 100%. The results showed NIRS combined with LS-SVM can realize fast and nondestructive discrimination of fresh tea leaves at different altitudes.

RESUMO Introdução O treinamento de vibração é um exercício amplamente difundido. Os resultados experimentais existentes mostram que o uso de exercícios de força vibratória sob as mesmas condições de carga pode melhorar a força muscular dos membros inferiores dos nadadores. Objetivo Este trabalho estuda especialmente o efeito do exercício de vibração sobre a qualidade física dos nadadores sob variadas condições. Métodos Os atletas foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo experimental e grupo de controle. O grupo experimental utilizou um vibrômetro para exercitar os músculos dos membros inferiores. O grupo de controle ocupou-se apenas com o treinamento rotineiro. Após oito semanas de prática, os corredores testaram nos 100m, 150m, 200m e 400m. O presente artigo também explora a relação entre os nadadores de diferentes idades. Resultados Em comparação com o grupo controle, houve uma diferença significativa no volume máximo do extensor do quadril entre os grupos experimental e controle. Houve também uma diferença significativa entre os dois grupos (P<0,05). O aumento mais significativo na capacidade máxima de exercício entre os dois grupos foi no tornozelo. A alteração de carga máxima entre os dois grupos também foi significativa (P<0,01). Conclusão O método de treino por vibração pode melhorar o grupo de flexores do joelho do nadador. Os nadadores podem melhorar a coordenação corporal ao realizar exercícios vibracionais. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Vibration training is a widespread exercise. Existing experimental results show that using vibration strength exercises under the same loading conditions can improve the muscular strength of swimmers’ lower limbs. Objective This paper especially studies the effect of vibration exercise on the physical quality of swimmers under various conditions. Methods The athletes were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group used a vibrometer to exercise the lower limb muscles. The control group engaged only in routine training. After eight weeks of practice, the runners tested in the 100m, 150m, 200m, and 400m. The present article also explores the relationship between swimmers of different ages. Results Compared to the control group, there was a significant difference in maximum hip extensor volume between the experimental and control groups. There was also a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The most significant increase in maximal exercise capacity between the two groups was in the ankle. The change in maximum load between the two groups was also significant (P<0.01). Conclusion The vibration training method can improve the swimmer’s knee flexor group. Swimmers can improve their body coordination by performing vibration exercises. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento con vibración es un ejercicio muy extendido. Los resultados experimentales existentes muestran que el uso de ejercicios de fuerza por vibración en las mismas condiciones de carga puede mejorar la fuerza muscular de los miembros inferiores de los nadadores. Objetivo Este trabajo estudia especialmente el efecto del ejercicio de vibración sobre la calidad física de los nadadores en condiciones variadas. Métodos Los atletas fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos: grupo experimental y grupo de control. El grupo experimental utilizó un vibrador para ejercitar los músculos de las extremidades inferiores. El grupo de control sólo se ocupó de la formación rutinaria. Después de ocho semanas de práctica, los corredores hicieron pruebas en los 100, 150, 200 y 400 metros. Este documento también explora la relación entre nadadores de diferentes edades. Resultados En comparación con el grupo de control, hubo una diferencia significativa en el volumen máximo de los extensores de la cadera entre los grupos experimental y de control. También hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos (P<0,05). El aumento más significativo de la capacidad máxima de ejercicio entre los dos grupos se produjo en el tobillo. El cambio en la carga máxima entre los dos grupos también fue significativo (P<0,01). Conclusión El método de entrenamiento con vibración puede mejorar el grupo de flexores de la rodilla del nadador. Los nadadores pueden mejorar la coordinación corporal realizando ejercicios de vibración. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução O treinamento vibratório refere-se à introdução de métodos de vibração no treinamento diário dos atletas para estimulação corporal. Desta forma, os treinadores melhoram a força, a flexibilidade e o equilíbrio dos atletas. Os atletas podem usar as vibrações para estimular a ativação neuromuscular. Isto permite que mais unidades ativas sejam concentradas na contração muscular. Desta forma, a força muscular do atleta pode ser aumentada. Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre o treinamento por vibração e a capacidade de equilíbrio dos saltadores de salto em distância. Métodos Este trabalho seleciona vários saltadores de salto em distância como objetos de pesquisa. Discute-se os efeitos dos exercícios de vibração em diferentes freqüências sobre a estabilidade do atleta, empregando a comparação experimental. Neste contexto, são efetuados cálculos estatísticos sobre os resultados experimentais. Resultados Não houve diferença na capacidade de equilíbrio entre o grupo de vibração e os grupos de treinamento geral antes do treinamento (P>0,05). Os atletas do grupo de treinamento de vibração mostraram uma melhora mais significativa no equilíbrio após um período de treinamento do que no grupo de treinamento geral. Houveram diferenças significativas nos dados entre os dois grupos (P<0,01). Conclusão O treinamento de força vibratória pode efetivamente melhorar a capacidade de equilíbrio dos saltadores. Os atletas devem aumentar a freqüência do treinamento por vibração em seu treinamento diário. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Vibration training refers to the introduction of vibration methods into the daily training of athletes for body stimulation. In this way, coaches improve athletes’ strength, flexibility, and balance. Athletes can use vibration to stimulate neuromuscular activation. This allows more active units to be concentrated in the muscular contraction. In this way, the athlete’s muscular strength can be increased. Objective This study aimed to analyze the relationship between vibration training and the balance ability of long jumpers. Methods This paper selects several long jumpers as research subjects. The effects of vibration exercises at different frequencies on athletes’ stability are discussed, employing experimental comparison. In this context, statistical calculations are performed on the experimental results. Results There was no difference in balance ability between the vibration and general training groups before training (P>0.05). The athletes in the vibration training group showed more significant improvement in balance after a training period than the general training group. There were significant differences in the data between the two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion Vibration strength training can effectively improve the balance ability of jumpers. Athletes should increase the frequency of vibration training in their daily training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento con vibraciones se refiere a la introducción de métodos de vibración en el entrenamiento diario de los deportistas para la estimulación del cuerpo. De este modo, los entrenadores mejoran la fuerza, la flexibilidad y el equilibrio de los deportistas. Los atletas pueden utilizar la vibración para estimular la activación neuromuscular. Esto permite concentrar más unidades activas en la contracción muscular. De este modo, se puede aumentar la fuerza muscular del deportista. Objetivo Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre el entrenamiento de vibración y la capacidad de equilibrio de los saltadores de longitud. Métodos En este trabajo se seleccionan varios saltadores de longitud como objeto de investigación. Se discuten los efectos de los ejercicios de vibración a diferentes frecuencias sobre la estabilidad del atleta, empleando la comparación experimental. En este contexto, se realizan cálculos estadísticos sobre los resultados experimentales. Resultados No hubo diferencias en la capacidad de equilibrio entre el grupo de vibración y los grupos de entrenamiento general antes del entrenamiento (P>0,05). Los atletas del grupo de entrenamiento con vibración mostraron una mejora significativa del equilibrio tras un periodo de entrenamiento que los del grupo de entrenamiento general. Hubo diferencias significativas en los datos entre los dos grupos (P<0,01). Conclusión El entrenamiento de fuerza con vibración puede mejorar eficazmente la capacidad de equilibrio de los saltadores. Los deportistas deben aumentar la frecuencia del entrenamiento con vibraciones en su entrenamiento diario. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução A taxa máxima de consumo de oxigênio (VO2max) pode refletir diretamente o metabolismo aeróbico corporal e o sistema de fornecimento de oxigênio. Esta é uma medida da capacidade aeróbica empregada para monitorar o nível do nadador, e seu desempenho em força e velocidade. Objetivo Verificar as alterações de VO2max ao incorporar o treinamento com exercícios aeróbicos no treino padrão dos nadadores. Métodos 12 nadadores voluntários foram divididos em duas categorias: grupo de treinamento de força e grupo de treinamento regular. Ambos os grupos realizaram um teste de aptidão física na pista de 200 metros antes de iniciar o treinamento. O VO2 máximo foi mensurado e trabalhado estatisticamente para verificar os resultados desta competição. Os efeitos do exercício aeróbico sobre a força e o status competitivo dos atletas foi investigado segundo uma revisão bibliográfica atualizada. Resultados Houve uma mudança significativa na ingestão máxima de oxigênio dos atletas após o protocolo experimental. Os atletas do grupo de treinamento de força aumentaram seu VO2 máximo quando comparados ao grupo de treinamento regular. Os resultados mostraram uma diferença significativa no índice VO2max antes e depois do treinamento de força (P<0,05). Isto sugere que o treinamento de força tem um efeito significativo no consumo máximo de oxigênio. Conclusão As intervenções de treinamento de força afetam significativamente a intensidade máxima de consumo de oxigênio e a capacidade de exercício dos atletas. A intervenção do exercício aeróbico demonstrou evidencias em melhorar o nível competitivo dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction The maximal oxygen consumption rate (VO2max) can directly reflect the body's aerobic metabolism and oxygen delivery system. This is a measure of aerobic capacity used to monitor swimmers’ levels and their strength and speed performance. Objective Verify the changes in VO2max when incorporating aerobic exercise training into swimmers’ regular training. Methods 12 volunteer swimmers were divided into two categories: strength training group and regular training group. Both groups performed a fitness test on the 200-meter track before starting the training. VO2 maximal was measured and worked out statistically to verify the results of this competition. The effects of aerobic exercise on the strength and competitive status of the athletes were investigated according to an updated literature review. Results There was a significant change in the maximal oxygen uptake of the athletes after the experimental protocol. The athletes in the strength training group increased their VO2 max compared to the regular training group. The results showed a significant difference in the VO2max index before and after strength training (P<0.05). This suggests that strength training has a significant effect on maximal oxygen consumption. Conclusion Strength training interventions significantly affect athletes’ maximal oxygen consumption intensity and exercise capacity. The aerobic exercise intervention showed evidence of improving the competitive level of athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies -investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción La tasa máxima de consumo de oxígeno (VO2máx) puede reflejar directamente el metabolismo aeróbico del cuerpo y el sistema de suministro de oxígeno. Se trata de una medida de la capacidad aeróbica que sirve para controlar el nivel del nadador y su rendimiento en fuerza y velocidad. Objetivo Verificar los cambios en el VO2máx al incorporar el entrenamiento de ejercicio aeróbico en el entrenamiento habitual de los nadadores. Métodos 12 nadadores voluntarios fueron divididos en dos categorías: grupo de entrenamiento de fuerza y grupo de entrenamiento regular. Ambos grupos realizaron una prueba de aptitud física en 200 metros de pista antes de comenzar el entrenamiento. Se midió el VO2 máximo y se trabajó estadísticamente para verificar los resultados de esta competición. Se investigaron los efectos del ejercicio aeróbico en la fuerza y el estado competitivo de los atletas según una revisión bibliográfica actualizada. Resultados Hubo un cambio significativo en el consumo máximo de oxígeno de los atletas después del protocolo experimental. Los atletas del grupo de entrenamiento de fuerza aumentaron su VO2 máximo en comparación con el grupo de entrenamiento regular. Los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa en el índice VO2max antes y después del entrenamiento de fuerza (P<0,05). Esto sugiere que el entrenamiento de fuerza tiene un efecto significativo en el consumo máximo de oxígeno. Conclusión Las intervenciones de entrenamiento de fuerza afectan significativamente a la intensidad del consumo máximo de oxígeno y a la capacidad de ejercicio de los atletas. La intervención de ejercicio aeróbico mostró evidencia de mejorar el nivel competitivo de los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: A articulação do joelho é um dos locais com maior estresse mecânico nos membros inferiores. A sobrecarga gerada por impactos, os golpes por quedas e torções em colisão podem gerar danos teciduais incapacitantes e de difícil recuperação. Embora careça de diagnósticos clínicos, alguns estudos têm apontado que a implementação do treinamento funcional na reabilitação pode reduzir o período de incapacitação e os efeitos deletérios da imobilização. Objetivo: Estudar o diagnóstico clínico e a otimização no treinamento para lesões esportiva do joelho. Métodos: Este experimento utiliza o método de comparação intragrupo. O método utilizado no experimento é o protocolo de um treinamento de reabilitação direcionado a articulação do joelho, com foco na força e equilíbrio muscular do quadríceps. O ciclo de treinamento é de 6 vezes por semana, durante 1 mês. Resultados: A otimização no treinamento do exercício evidenciou uma boa melhora na capacidade de funcional e condição de dor, refletindo na melhoria da capacidade de equilíbrio dos atletas. Após a otimização do treinamento, 9 dos 12 atletas se recuperaram completamente, e 3 atletas melhoraram significativamente. Conclusão: Os treinadores devem acatar as ordens de reabilitação física e combiná-las com a situação real dos atletas, tipos esportivos, entre outros fatores, projetando o modo esportivo adequado aos atletas, visando promover a otimização do treinamento e reduzir as lesões esportivas nas articulações. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The knee joint is one of the sites of greatest mechanical stress in the lower limbs. The overload generated by impacts, blows from falls, and torsions in collisions can generate disabling tissue damage that is difficult to recover from. Although lacking clinical diagnosis, some studies have pointed out that implementing functional training in rehabilitation can reduce the period of disability and the harmful effects of immobilization. Objective: Study the clinical diagnosis and the optimization of training for knee sports injuries. Methods: This experiment uses the intra-group comparison method. The method used in the experiment is a rehabilitation training protocol for the knee joint, focusing on quadriceps muscle strength and balance. The training cycle is six times per week for one month. Results: The optimization in exercise training evidenced a good improvement in functional ability and pain condition, reflected in the athletes’ balance ability. After training optimization, 9 out of 12 athletes recovered completely, and three improved significantly. Conclusion: Trainers should follow the physical rehabilitation orders and match them with the athletes’ actual situation, sport types, etc., designing the appropriate sports mode for the athletes to promote training optimization and reduce sports joint injuries. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic Studies - Outcome Investigation.

RESUMEN Introducción: La articulación de la rodilla es uno de los lugares de mayor tensión mecánica en los miembros inferiores. La sobrecarga generada por los impactos, los golpes de las caídas y las torsiones en colisión pueden generar daños tisulares incapacitantes y de difícil recuperación. Aunque carecen de diagnóstico clínico, algunos estudios han señalado que la aplicación del entrenamiento funcional en la rehabilitación puede reducir el periodo de discapacidad y los efectos nocivos de la inmovilización. Objetivo: Estudiar el diagnóstico clínico y la optimización del entrenamiento de las lesiones deportivas de la rodilla. Métodos: Este experimento utiliza el método de comparación intragrupo. El método utilizado en el experimento es el protocolo de un entrenamiento de rehabilitación dirigido a la articulación de la rodilla, centrado en la fuerza muscular del cuádriceps y el equilibrio. El ciclo de entrenamiento es de 6 veces por semana durante 1 mes. Resultados: La optimización en el entrenamiento de ejercicios evidenció una mejora en la capacidad funcional y en el estado del dolor, lo que se refleja en la mejora de la capacidad de equilibrio de los atletas. Tras la optimización del entrenamiento, 9 de los 12 atletas se recuperaron por completo, y 3 atletas mejoraron significativamente. Conclusión: Los entrenadores deben seguir las órdenes de rehabilitación física y combinarlas con la situación real de los atletas, los tipos de deporte, etc., diseñando el modo de deporte adecuado para los atletas, con el objetivo de promover la optimización del entrenamiento y reducir las lesiones articulares deportivas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados.

Abstract Presently in order to excavate suitability of resources of lactic acid bacteria for fermentation of mandarin fish, a strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which was cultivated from stinky mandarin fish via using traditional MRS medium (CMC 1-8), was firstly isolated and purified. Subsequently, it was discovered that the as-harvested LAB was recognized as Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei with assistance of technology of phenotypic identifying and 16S rRNA sequencing. Concurrently, relevant characteristics in aspects of growth curve, acid production capacity, temperature and salt tolerance of Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei were plainly investigated. Furthermore, the preliminary research on protease properties and biological properties was revealed. The results unfolded that the strain could grow and produce acid normally at 37 °C, and deliver a strong tolerance even under 3% NaCl at 12 °C, which could be significant sufficiently to satisfy the low-temperature and salty fermentation of mandarin fish. The best compatible temperature and pH value for protease production were at 70 °C and 9.0, respectively. Resultantly, the main metabolites, containing polyphenols, flavonoids and soluble polypeptides, performed a remarkable effect on scavenging abilities of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) free radical and ferricyanide reducing ability, of which the IC50 were 1.05, 6.87, and 4.62 mg/mL, respectively. And, the metabolites displayed partial inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, CMC 1-8 can potentially serve as a functional microorganism to directionally ferment mandarin fish.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that peripheral nerve injury can lead to abnormal dendritic spine remodeling in spinal dorsal horn neurons. Inhibition of abnormal dendritic spine remodeling can relieve neuropathic pain. Electroacupuncture (EA) has a beneficial effect on the treatment of neuropathic pain, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Evidence has shown that slit-robo GTPase activating protein 3 (srGAP3) and Rho GTPase (Rac1) play very important roles in dendritic spine remodeling. Here, we used srGAP3 siRNA and Rac1 activator CN04 to confirm the relationship between SrGAP3 and Rac1 and their roles in improving neuropathic pain with EA. Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) was used as the experimental model, and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and Golgi-Cox staining were used to examine changes in behavioral performance, protein expression and dendritic spines. More dendritic spines and higher expression levels of srGAP3 were found in the initial phase of neuropathic pain. During the maintenance phase, dendritic spines were more mature, which was consistent with lower expression levels of srGAP3 and higher expression levels of Rac1-GTP. EA during the maintenance phase reduced the density and maturity of dendritic spines of rats with SNL, increased the levels of srGAP3 and reduced the levels of Rac1-GTP, while srGAP3 siRNA and CN04 reversed the therapeutic effects of EA. These results suggest that dendritic spines have different manifestations in different stages of neuropathic pain and that EA may inhibit the abnormal dendritic spine remodeling by regulating the srGAP3/Rac1 signaling pathway to alleviate neuropathic pain.