ABSTRACT The bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacities of mangaba, mango and papaya oils were investigated. Determinations of fatty acid composition, tocopherol, phytosterols, phenolic compounds profile, total carotenoids, and antioxidant activity were carried out in the oils of mangaba, mango and papaya seeds. The analysis of antioxidant activity was performed by the methods DPPH•, ABTS•+, FRAP, and β-carotene/linoleic acid. Only essential fatty acid C18:2 was detected, in an average of 6.2%. In contrast, the main fatty acids quantified were oleic, palmitic, and stearic. The amount of phytosterols in mangaba (1951.7 mg kg-1), papaya (3540.3 mg kg-1), and mango (4565.7 mg kg-1) oils was higher than that of conventional oils, such as soybean oil. α-tocopherol was the main tocopherol found in all oils analyzed. Quantities of phenolic compounds were found only in mango seed oil. Papaya seed oil showed high quantity of total carotenoids (49.90 µg g-1). The possible use of the seeds studied to produce oils appears to be favorable. The information available in this study is of great importance for investigations regarding the use of vegetable oils as raw material for food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el aceite de pulpa de bacuri Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae) de acuerdo con métodos analíticos oficiales. Los contenidos totales de fenólicos y carotenoides se evaluaron mediante espectrofotometría y la composición de tocoferoles, mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. El perfil de ácidos grasos se realizó por cromatografía de gases a partir de las muestras transesterificadas con hidróxido de potasio en metanol y n-hexano. Según la composición proximal, la pulpa de bacuri registró un 41,5 % de carbohidratos y un 39,2 % de lípidos. En cuanto a las propiedades fisicoquímicas, el aceite presentó un contenido de ácidos grasos libres de 0,7 %, valor de peróxido de 1,4 meq/kg, índice de refracción de 1,463, índice de yodo de 84,3 g I2/100 g, índice de saponificación de 193,5 mg KOH/g, materia insaponificable de 0,5 % y estabilidad oxidativa de 48,7 h. Los contenidos totales fenólicos, de carotenoides y de tocoferoles fueron de 2,4 mg EAG/g, 243,0 µg/g y 86,8 mg/kg, respectivamente. El aceite de bacuri mostró una composición de ácidos grasos similar a la del aceite de oliva y un alto porcentaje de insaturación, con un 67,3 % de ácidos monoinsaturados y un 11,3 % de poliinsaturados. Los principales ácidos grasos fueron el oleico (67,3 %), el palmítico (13,3 %) y el linoleico (10,5 %). Debido a sus características fisicoquímicas, el aceite de bacuri tiene un gran potencial para ser utilizado en preparaciones alimenticias como aceite de ensaladas o en formulación de margarinas.

Abstract The aim of the study was to characterize the pulp oil of bacuri Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae) according to official analytical methods. Total phenolic and carotenoids contents were evaluated by spectrophotometry, and tocopherols composition by high-performance liquid chromatography. The fatty acid profile was obtained through gas chromatography from samples transesterified with potassium hydroxide in methanol and n-hexane. According to the proximate composition, bacuri pulp contained 41.5 % carbohydrates and 39.2 % lipids. Regarding its physicochemical properties, the oil showed a free fatty acids content of 0.7 %, a peroxide value of 1.4 meq/kg, a refractive index of 1.463, an iodine number of 84.3 g I2/100 g, a saponification number of 193.5 mg KOH/g, an unsaponifiable matter of 0.5 %, and 48.7 h of oxidative stability. Total phenolic, carotenoids, and tocopherols contents recorded values of 2.4 mg GAE/g, 243.0 µg/g, and 86.8 mg/kg, respectively. The bacuri oil showed a fatty acid composition similar to olive oil and a high percentage of unsaturation, finding 67.3 % of monounsaturated acids, and 11.3 % of polyunsaturated acids. The main fatty acids were oleic (67.3 %), palmitic (13.3 %), and linoleic (10.5 %). Due to its physicochemical characteristics, bacuri oil has a great potential to be used in food preparations, such as salad oil or in margarine formulation.

Abstract Each year, the consumption of vegetable oils increases gradually. Some oils, such as chia, sesame, and quinoa, are consumed due to the nutritional properties and health promoters that have been recognized in their components. Based on this premise, the present study aimed to characterize chia (Salvia hispanica), sesame (Sesamum inducum), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) oils, in order to enable their applications in the development of new food products. Chia oil presented higher degradation, as it stood out with higher amounts of free fatty acids (4.46%) and peroxide value (18.35 meq/kg). It is an oil that is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (75.47%), and, consequently, with high refractive index (1,475) and iodine value (192.86 g/100 g). Quinoa oil stood out for its higher oxidative stability (17.55 h) and higher amount of phenolic compounds (190.84 mg/100 g). Sesame and quinoa oils showed no significant difference for carotenoids, but sesame oil had higher content of total tocopherols (656.50 mg/kg). Thus, the oils can be used in technological processes and/ or in the formulation of new food products, in order to their increase the nutritional value.

Abstract The present study aims to evaluate the influence of extraction methods on the quality of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in Pterodon emarginatusVogel (sucupira) oils. The oils were extracted from the sucupira seeds by Soxhlet and by the extraction system of Bligh & Dyer. The oils were analyzed as to fatty acid profile, tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, total phenolics, and total antioxidant capacity. The extraction by Soxhlet showed better yield of total lipids and was more efficient to extract tocopherols, phytosterols, and carotenoids, besides presenting better antioxidant activity by DPPH•. However, this method showed insufficient capacity to extract the polar lipid components of the sample, as evidenced by the low results of total phenolic compounds. On the other hand, the Bligh & Dyer method preserved the fatty acid profile and was also effective to extract higher phenolic compounds content and presented superior antioxidant activity when assessed by FRAP, ABTS•+, and oxidative stability index.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como principais objetivos medir o teor de compostos fenólicos totais e a atividade antioxidante do extrato de Portulaca oleracea L., além de avaliar a estabilidade oxidativa e a retenção dos compostos fitoquímicos presentes no óleo de soja adicionado de antioxidantes sintéticos (TBHQ e BHT) e naturais (Extrato de Portulaca oleracea L.). Os tratamentos: óleo de soja (OS), óleo de soja adicionado de 100 mg/kg TBHQ (TBHQ), óleo de soja adicionado de 100 mg/kg BHT (BHT) e óleo de soja adicionado de 100 mg/kg extrato (Extrato) foram submetidos à termoxidação a 180 oC, por cinco horas. O extrato apresentou 99,5 mg EAG/100 g de compostos fenólicos totais e 84,6%, 35,5% e 1,8 µM Trolox/100 g de atividade antioxidante para DPPH, sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoleico e FRAP, respectivamente. A estabilidade oxidativa do tratamento Extrato foi inferior à do TBHQ, que apresentou o maior período de indução (7,6 h). Após aquecimento, os tratamentos TBHQ e Extrato apresentaram maior capacidade de retenção de tocoferóis e fitosteróis, atingindo valores acima de 88 e 87%, respectivamente. Percentagens similares de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados foram encontradas nos tratamentos OS e Extrato. O extrato de beldroega na concentração 100 mg/kg foi capaz de reduzir as alterações sofridas pelo óleo de soja após aquecimento e pode ser utilizado como substituto natural de antioxidantes sintéticos.

ABSTRACT The main objective of the present work was to measure the total phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity of Portulaca oleracea L. extract, besides evaluating the oxidative stability and phytochemical compound retention present in soybean oil plus synthetic (TBHQ and BHT) and natural (Portulaca oleracea L. extract) antioxidants. The treatments soybean oil (SO), soybean oil plus 100 mg/kg TBHQ (TBHQ), soybean oil plus 100 mg/kg BHT (BHT), and soybean oil plus 100 mg/kg extract (Extract) were subjected to thermo-oxidation at 180 ºC/5 h. The extract presented 99.5 mg EAG/100 g of total phenolic compounds and 84.6, 35.5, and 1.8µM Trolox/100 g of antioxidant activity to DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic acid system, and FRAP, respectively. The oxidative stability for the Extract treatment was inferior to TBHQ, which showed the longest induction period (7.6 h). After heating, TBHQ and Extract treatments presented higher capacity of tocopherol and phytosterol retention, reaching values over 88 and 87%, respectively. Similar percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids were found in SO and Extract treatments. The purslane extract in the 100 mg/kg concentration reduced the alterations suffered by soybean oil after heating and it can be used as a natural substitute for synthetic antioxidants.

ABSTRACT The oxidative stability of linseed (L), cotton (A), and coconut (C) oils, as well as of linseed:cotton (LA), linseed:coconut (LC), and linseed:cotton:coconut (LAC) compound oils was evaluated under accelerated storage at 60°C/20 days. Coconut oil showed to be rather stable, mainly due to low levels of peroxides, conjugated dienes, ρ-anisidine, and long induction period. In addition, along with cotton oil, it improved the stability of linseed oil in the formulation of LAC compound oil. As to fatty acid profile, the compound oils showed to be composed mainly by unsaturated fatty acids. Cotton and coconut oils presented higher retention of total phytosterols, 78.87 and 76.16%, respectively, after 20 days of storage, when compared to linseed oil. The highest retention of total tocopherols at the end of storage was observed in LA (90.81%). In relation to antioxidant activity, by the DPPH method, with the increase in storage time, a reduction in the antioxidant substances of linseed, LC, and LAC oils was observed. Through the FRAP method, oscillations were observed, especially in linseed and compound oils. Although the oils were degraded over time, it was possible to verify that cotton and coconut oils contributed to increase the stability of linseed oil, which, in turn, raised the levels of coconut oil bioactive compounds.

Abstract Several plants have been studied as potential sources of natural antioxidants for use in the food industry, especially polyphenols. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract from coffee husk on the oxidative stability of soybean oil when stored in an oven. Samples were maintained at a temperature of 60 °C and their oxidative stability was evaluated once every 5 days for a period of 20 days through the Rancimat equipament and analysis of peroxide value, conjugated dienes and tocopherols retention. The oxidation rate in terms of mass gain was evaluated once every 24 hours for a period of 24 days. Although the antioxidant TBHQ showed a better efficiency in the inhibition of oxidation, coffee husk extract showed a synergistic effect when used with the synthetic, delaying the appearance of degradation products. In addition, the freeze-dried extract showed the ability to reduce the mass-gain rate when used alone as well as when used in combination with the synthetic antioxidant butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA), noting a synergistic effect on oxidative stability between the extract and the BHA. Therefore, coffee husk extract could be considered a source of natural antioxidants for synthetic antioxidants substitution.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the quality and quantity of biofortified cassava root in a humid tropical environment can be modified with the application of a combination of low- and high-quality residues of leguminous tree species. The experiment was designed as a 6 × 2 factorial (a combination of 4 legume species versus 2 levels of nitrogen) with 4 replications in a randomized block design and the following treatments: Gliricidia + Acacia, Gliricidia + Leucaena, Gliricidia + Clitoria, Leucaena + Acacia, Leucaena + Clitoria, and a control without legumes. We analyzed the shoot weight, number of roots/plant, root weight, root production, proximate composition, as well as the mineral, carotenoid, and pro-vitamin A contents. Root production increased with the application of high-quality residues. The protein level influenced the carotenoid content. The allelopathic effect of exotic genera — Leucaena and Acacia —, especially when combined, can decrease the mineral content such as potassium and, therefore, reduce the accumulation of starch.

Devido ao aumento da produção mundial de alimentos com consequente aumento de produção de resíduos, verifica-se a importância do desenvolvimento de pesquisas para o aproveitamento dos mesmos. Assim, o interesse em óleos vegetais com compostos bioativos, como os obtidos a partir de sementes de frutas, está crescendo. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os óleos extraídos a partir de sementes de laranja (Citrus sinensis), das variedades Hamlin, Natal, Pera-rio e Valencia, e determinar os níveis de carotenoides totais, compostos fenólicos totais, tocoferóis e fitoesteróis bem como determinar as suas atividades antioxidantes. Os óleos de sementes de laranja apresentaram conteúdo importante de carotenoides totais (19,01 mg/kg), compostos fenólicos totais (4,43 g/kg), α-tocoferol (135,65 mg/kg) e fitoesteróis (1304,2 mg/kg). A atividade antioxidante variou de 50,0% (Natal) a 70,2% (Pera-rio). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, é possível concluir que os óleos das sementes de laranja podem ser usados como óleos especiais na dieta, uma vez que contêm quantidades substanciais de compostos bioativos e antioxidantes.

Due to the increasing production of food in the world with consequent increase of the production of waste, the importance of developing researches for its use is noticed. Thus, the interest in vegetable oils with bioactive compounds, such as the ones extracted from fruit seeds, is growing. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the oils extracted from seeds of Hamlin, Natal, Pera-rio and Valencia orange varieties (Citrus sinensis), as to the levels of total carotenoids, total phenolic compounds, tocopherols and phytosterols, as well as to determine their antioxidant activity. The orange seed oils presented important content of total carotenoids (19.01 mg/kg), total phenolic compounds (4.43 g/kg), α-tocopherol (135.65 mg/kg) and phytosterols (1304.2 mg/kg). The antioxidant activity ranged from 56.0% (Natal) to 70.2% (Pera-rio). According to the results it is possible to conclude that the orange seed oils can be used as specialty oils in diet, since they contain considerable amounts of bioactive compounds and antioxidants.

O óleo de abacate é rico em compostos bioativos que podem promover melhorias na saúde humana, agindo como um antioxidante. Pode ser extraído de diferentes variedades de frutos de abacate, tais como Margarida e Hass, dando características particulares ao produto. Visando a avaliar as diferenças entre eles, frutas e polpas de abacate dessas variedades foram analisadas de acordo com as suas características físico-químicas. Depois de extraídos, os óleos tiveram suas características bioativas avaliadas e seu comportamento reológico foi determinado por meio de um reômetro rotacional, em comparação com um óleo de abacate comercial. Os frutos da variedade Margarida apresentaram maior tamanho, maior peso (664,51 g) e rendimento de polpa mais elevado (72,19%) do que a variedade Hass, que apresentou maior teor de lipídios (65,29 g/100 g base seca). O óleo comercial evidenciou menor degradação oxidativa primária, ao passo que a variedade Margarida apresentou menor teor de produtos secundários de degradação, bem como maior conteúdo de compostos bioativos, tais como fitosteróis (999,60 mg/kg) e tocoferóis (36,73 mg/kg). O comportamento reológico de ambos os óleos foi adequadamente descrito pelo modelo de Newton, com R2> 0,999 para todas as temperaturas. Por uma equação tipo Arrhenius, verificou-se que os parâmetros reológicos da variedade Hass são mais influenciados pela temperatura do que Margarida e o óleo comercial, apresentando energia de ativação de 33,6 kJ/mol.

Avocado oil is rich in bioactive compounds, which can improve human health by acting as an antioxidant. It may be extracted from different varieties of avocado, such as Margarida and Hass varieties, each of them with particular characteristics. Aiming to evaluate the differences between them, avocado fruits and pulps from these were analyzed according to their physicochemical characteristics. After extracted, the oils had their bioactive characteristics studied and rheological behavior determined through a rotational rheometer. They were then compared to commercial avocado oil. The fruits of Margarida variety had greater size, higher weight (664.51 g), and higher pulp yield (72.19%) than Hass variety, which showed higher lipid content (65.29 g/100 g dry basis). The commercial oil showed less primary oxidative degradation, whereas Margarida variety had a lower level of secondary degradation products as well as a higher content of bioactive compounds, such as phytosterols (999.60 mg/kg) and tocopherols (36.73 mg/kg). The rheological behaviors of both oils were appropriately described through Newton model, with R2 > 0.999 for all temperatures. By an Arrhenius type equation, it was verified that Hass's rheological parameters are more influenced by temperature than Margarida and commercial oil, presenting activation energy of 33.6 kJ/mol.

As fibras cerâmicas se caracterizam por ser um material leve, com alto grau de pureza, baixo armazenamento de calor, baixa condutividade térmica, resistência a choque térmico e alta resistência à corrosão em altas temperaturas. Essas características levam a uma grande procura das indústrias mínero-metalúrgicas e de outros setores para revestimentos de distribuidores, muflas, fornos de aquecimentos, entre outros. Após utilização no processo, por perderem sua capacidade de isolamento, os resíduos gerados precisam de destinação. Esse trabalho enfoca, especificamente, resíduos de lã cerâmica e lã de vidro. Pelo fato de a composição das fibras cerâmicas ser rica em sílica e alumina, efetuou-se uma investigação acerca da atividade pozolânica das mesmas com a cal e o cimento, especificamente CPV ARI, CPII E32 e CPIII 32RS, para avaliação da perspectiva de reciclagem em possível incorporação no concreto.

Ceramic fibers are characterized by their light weight, high degree of purity, low heat storage, low thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance and superior corrosion resistance in high-temperature environments. Such characteristics make them ideal in the coating of distributors, mufflers, heating ovens, inter alia, as highly demanded by the mining and metallurgical industries, among others. After use in the process of industrial production, generated waste will lose its insulation capacity and thus requires disposal. The present work focuses specifically on ceramic and glass wools. Due to the fact that ceramic fibers are aluminosilicate rich, we carried out an investigation relating to their pozzolanic activity with lime and cement, CPV ARI, CPII E32 and CPIII 32RS specifically, aiming at an evaluation of their recycling prospect for incorporation into concrete.

Os frutos de Pachira aquatica Aublet apresentam sementes comestíveis com características organolépticas muito apreciadas pelas populações amazônicas, sendo pouco utilizados em outras regiões. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as sementes quanto à composição centesimal e determinar as características físico-químicas e perfil de ácidos graxos. A determinação da composição centesimal das sementes (teores de umidade, lipídios, proteínas, cinzas e carboidratos) e análises do óleo extraído das mesmas (ácidos graxos livres, índices de peróxido, iodo, refração, saponificação, ponto de fusão e perfil de ácidos graxos) foram realizadas seguindo metodologia oficial. O teor de óleo nas sementes 38,39% demonstrou que estas têm potencial para aproveitamento industrial. Das características físico-químicas analisadas, o óleo extraído das sementes apresentou 39,2% de ácidos graxos livres (expresso em % ácido oleico), índice de iodo de 27,4 g I2.100 g-1, índice de saponificação de 208,0 mg.KOH g-1, índice de refração (40 °C) de 1,4569 e ponto de fusão de 41,9 °C. Quanto à composição de ácidos graxos do óleo predominaram os ácidos palmítico (44,93%), oleico (39,27%) e linoleico (11,35%). Tal fato favorece o uso deste óleo como matéria-prima para as indústrias alimentícia, farmacêutica e de cosméticos.

The fruits of Pachira aquatica Aublet present edible seeds with organoleptic characteristics much appreciated by peoples in the Amazon, with little being used in other regions. This study aimed to characterize the seeds and to determine the composition and physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid profile. Determining the composition of the seeds (moisture, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and ash) and analysis of oil extracted from them (free fatty acids, peroxide, iodine, refractive index, saponification value, melting point and fatty acid profile) was performed following the official methodology. The oil content in the seeds 38.39% showed that these have potential for industrial use. The physical and chemical analysis, the oil extracted from the seeds showed 39.2% of free fatty acids (% oleic acid), iodine value of 27.4 I2.100 g-1, saponification number of 208.0 mg.KOH g-1, refractive index (40 °C) of 1.4569 and melting point of 41.9 °C. Regarding the composition of fatty acids palmitic predominated oil (44.93%), oleic (39.27%) and linoleic (11.35%). This fact favors the use of oil as raw material for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition -physico-chemical properties, fatty acid and tocopherol compositions and total phenolic compounds -and evaluate the radical-scavenging activity of crude oil extracted from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) seeds, aiming to use the agro-industrial by-products. The oil seed extraction was performed by Soxhlet method and the oil yield from the seeds was 30.39%. The oil showed high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (87.59%), including mainly linoleic (73.14%) and oleic (13.83%) acids, tocopherol (499.30 mg/kg) and phenolic compounds (1,314.13 mg GAE/kg). The physico-chemical characteristics were similar to those of other edible oils and the oil showed significant antioxidant activity. Therefore, the potential utilization of the passion fruit seed oil as a raw material for food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries could be favorable.

Por razões econômicas e de proteção à saúde, pesquisas têm sido dirigidas para ampliar a estabilidade dos óleos vegetais. Existe uma tendência para a adição de antioxidantes naturais, em particular, um crescente interesse em ervas e especiarias. Desta forma, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o potencial antioxidante das oleorresinas de orégano, manjericão e tomilho e seu comportamento ao serem aplicadas ao óleo de soja em diferentes concentrações. Numa primeira etapa foi determinada a atividade antioxidante pelo sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoleico e a quantificação de compostos fenólicos totais. Posteriormente, foram adicionadas ao óleo de soja diferentes concentrações das oleorresinas (500 a 3000 mg.kg-1) e analisado seu potencial antioxidante por meio da estabilidade oxidativa utilizando o Rancimat. A concentração de 3000 mg.kg-1das oleorresinas de orégano e tomilho foi a que apresentou melhor estabilidade oxidativa ao óleo de soja, o que as tornam alternativa natural na conservação de óleos vegetais.

Studies have been carried out in order to increase the stability of vegetable oils due to economic and health protection reasons. There is a growing interest in the addition of natural antioxidants; especially herbs and spices. For this reason, this study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant potential of the oleoresins of oregano, basil, and thyme, as well as their behavior when applied to soybean oil under various concentrations. Firstly, the antioxidant activity was determined by the β-carotene/linoleic acid system and by the quantification of total phenolic compounds. Next, different concentrations of oleoresins (500 to 3000 mg.kg-1) were added to the soybean oil, and its antioxidant potential was analyzed using the oxidative stability through a Rancimat equipment. The value of 3000 mg.kg-1 of thyme and oregano oleoresins was the concentration that presented the greatest oxidative stability to soybean oil making them a natural alternative to vegetable oil conservation.

As características físico-químicas e as composições de ácidos graxos, tocoferóis e carotenoides do óleo bruto extraído de sementes de mamão (Carica papaya L.), variedade formosa, foram investigadas. O rendimento em óleo das sementes foi de 29,16%. Os dados obtidos para os índices analíticos comparam-se bem com os de outros óleos comestíveis. O óleo apresentou elevada resistência à oxidação (77,97 horas). Os principais ácidos graxos quantificados foram o oleico (71,30%), seguido pelo palmítico (16,16%), linoleico (6,06%) e esteárico (4,73%). O α e Δ-tocoferol foram os tocoferóis predominantes com 51,85 e18,9 mg.kg-1, respectivamente. A β-criptoxantina (4,29 mg.kg-1) e o β-caroteno (2,76 mg.kg-1) foram os carotenóides quantificados e o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais foi de 957,60 mg.kg-1. Assim, a potencial utilização das sementes de mamão para a produção de óleo parece ser favorável. Entretanto, estudos toxicológicos são ainda necessários antes de o óleo ser indicado para utilização em alimentos.

The physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid, tocopherol, and carotenoid composition of a crude oil extracted from papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds, formosa variety, were investigated. The oil yield from the seeds was 29.16%. The data obtained for the analytical indexes were in agreement with those of other edible oils. The oil obtained had high oxidation resistance (77.97 hours). The major fatty acids in total lipid were oleic (71.30%), palmitic (16.16%), linoleic (6.06%), and stearic (4.73%) acid. The α and δ-tocopherol were the predominant tocopherols with 51.85 and 18.89 mg.kg-1, respectivelly. The β-cryptoxanthin (4.29 mg.kg-1) and β-carotene (2.76 mg.kg-1) were the carotenoids quantified, and the content of total phenolic compounds was 957.60 mg.kg-1. Therefore, the potential utilization of the papaya seeds for oil production seems favorable. However, toxicological studies need to be carried out before the oil is appropriate for food applications.