Abstract This article aims to compilate stability measurement tests for explosive emulsions (EE), which were developed and used in the last decades. So, it could serve as a stability guide for EEs. The main methodologies to evaluate the condition of the emulsion’s matrix is through microscopy, DLS, viscosity, and rheology, which can preview the stability of a freshly manufactured emulsion within maximum 30 days, since it can undergo physically (centrifugation, compression, and direct contact with water). Thermal tests for (freeze-thaw) can also be performed.

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of nasal injury in preterm newborns (NB) using the Neonatal Skin Condition Score within 7 days of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and to compare the incidence of injury in NB weighing ≥1,000 g and those weighing <1,000 g at the time of initiation of NIV support. Methods This is a prospective, observational study carried out in a neonatal intensive care unit of a public hospital in Rio Grande do Sul from July 2016 to January 2021. Patients were stratified into two groups at the time of NIV initiation: group 1 (weight ≥1,000 g) and group 2 (weight <1,000 g). To assess the condition of nasal injury, a rating scale called the Neonatal Skin Condition Score was applied during the first seven consecutive days on NIV. Kaplan-Meier, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results In total, 184 NB were evaluated. Nasal injury was reported in 55 (30%) NB. The risk of nasal injury was 74% higher in group 2 (19/45) than in group 1 (36/139) (HR: 1.74; 95%CI 0.99–3.03, p=0.048). Conclusion The incidence of nasal injury in infants submitted to NIV by nasal mask was high, and the risk of this injury was greater in preterm infants weighing <1,000 g.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência de lesão por pressão nasal em recém-nascidos (RN) pré-termos usando a Escala de Condição da Pele do Recém-Nascido durante sete dias de ventilação não invasiva (VNI) e comparar a incidência em RN ≥N.000 g e aqueles <1.000 g ao início da VNI. Métodos: Estudo observacional prospectivo realizado em uma Unidade Neonatal de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital público do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de julho de 2016 a janeiro de 2021. Os RN prematuros foram estratificados em dois grupos no momento do início da VNI: Grupo 1 (1u.000 g) e Grupo 2 (<1.000 g). O Neonatal Skin Condition Score foi aplicado durante os primeiros sete dias consecutivos de VNI. Curvas de Kaplan-Meier e teste Log-Rank e regressão de riscos proporcionais de Cox foram utilizados para estimar a razão de risco (HR) e intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 184 RN. A lesão nasal foi relatada em 55 (30%) deles. O risco de lesão nasal foi 74% maior no Grupo 2 (n=19 em 45) do que no Grupo 1 (n=36 em 139) (HR=1,74; IC95% 0,99–3,03; p=0,048). Conclusão: A incidência de lesão nasal em neonatos submetidos à VNI por máscara nasal foi alta, e o risco dessa lesão foi maior em RN com peso <1.000 g.

ABSTRACT Optimizing resources is essential for the excellence and competitiveness of a forestry company. In this context, this study evaluated the productivity and quality of eucalyptus wood processing for energy purposes. The study was conducted in a forestry company in Paraná State in stands of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna clones named stands 1 and 2, respectively, with an age of 7 years old. The trees were processed with a harvester and included the following four stem diameter limits for pulp production and co-products for energy purposes: 8, 10, 12, and 14 cm; and pulp logs with a length of 7.20 m. The technical analysis of the operation determined the average operating cycle times, utilization rate and machine productivity. In addition, a quality analysis determined the stem diameter limits for production of the co-products and the lengths of the pulp logs; the limit diameters were compared by the Tukey’s test, and the stands by the Student’s t-test (α ≤ 0.05). The results showed that the processing time decreased with increasing limit diameter, with the highest values being in stand 1 due to the higher number of branches and forked trees. The processing logs at 10 cm limit diameter provided higher harvester productivity, with 59.5 m³ PMH-¹ and 62.2 m³ PMH-¹ in stands 1 and 2, respectively. Furthermore, the best quality in the limit diameter measurement was obtained at 10 cm. Thus, the effects of forest stand and limit diameters on processing and operation quality were evident.

RESUMO A otimização dos recursos é essencial para a excelência e competitividade de uma empresa florestal. Neste contexto, o estudo avaliou a produtividade e a qualidade do processamento da madeira de eucalipto para fins energéticos. Para isso, o estudo foi conduzido em uma empresa florestal no estado do Paraná, em povoamentos de clones de Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus saligna denominados povoamentos 1 e 2, respectivamente, com idade de 7 anos. O processamento das árvores com o harvester incluiu quatro limites de diâmetros do fuste para a produção de celulose e coprodutos para fins energéticos, sendo: 8, 10, 12, e 14 cm; e, toras para celulose com um comprimento de 7,20 m. A análise técnica da operação determinou os tempos médios do ciclo operacional, a taxa de utilização e a produtividade da máquina. Ao passo que, a análise de qualidade determinou os diâmetros limite do fuste para a produção dos coprodutos e os comprimentos das toras para celulose, sendo que, os diâmetros limite foram comparados pelo teste de Tukey e os povoamentos pelo teste t de Student (α ≤ 0,05). Os resultados mostraram que o tempo de processamento diminuiu com o aumento do diâmetro limite, com os valores mais elevados no povoamento 1, devido ao maior número de galhos e de árvores bifurcadas. As toras processadas no diâmetro limite de 10 cm proporcionaram uma maior produtividade do harvester, com 59,5 m³ PMH-¹ e 62,2 m³ PMH-¹ nos povoamentos 1 e 2, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, a melhor qualidade na medição do diâmetro da ponta foi obtida a 10 cm. Portanto, os efeitos dos povoamentos florestais e dos diâmetros limite na qualidade de processamento e operação eram evidentes.

Abstract Paper aims This article investigates the worldwide trend of growth in the number of recalls, as well as in the number of products involved in each campaign. Originality To investigate these facts, a study of the automotive recall was developed, comprising Brazil, the European Union, and the United States of America. Research method Due to the different availabilities between the locations, search tools and software were developed to obtain and group hidden data from 2010 to 2019. Main findings In this work, the impacts of the recall were analyzed using three categories of algorithms: clustering, classification, and regression. Analyzes were made about the results obtained and discussions were built about the importance of applying the machine learning technique. Implications for theory and practice The use of search tools and software to obtain and group hidden data in databases and opens the opportunity for new research in various areas.

Abstract Zoonotic spillover is a phenomenon characterized by the transfer of pathogens between different animal species. Most human emerging infectious diseases originate from non-human animals, and human-related environmental disturbances are the driving forces of the emergence of new human pathogens. Synthesizing the sequence of basic events involved in the emergence of new human pathogens is important for guiding the understanding, identification, and description of key aspects of human activities that can be changed to prevent new outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. This review synthesizes the connections between environmental disturbances and increased risk of spillover events based on the One Health perspective. Anthropogenic disturbances in the environment (e.g., deforestation, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, wildlife exploitation) lead to changes in ecological niches, reduction of the dilution effect, increased contact between humans and other animals, changes in the incidence and load of pathogens in animal populations, and alterations in the abiotic factors of landscapes. These phenomena can increase the risk of spillover events and, potentially, facilitate new infectious disease outbreaks. Using Brazil as a study model, this review brings a discussion concerning anthropogenic activities in the Amazon region and their potential impacts on spillover risk and spread of emerging diseases in this region.

Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caught the attention of the global community and rekindled the debate about our ability to prevent and manage outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Many alternatives are suggested to address these urgent issues. Some of them are quite interesting, but with little practical application in the short or medium term. To realistically control infectious diseases, human, animal, and environmental factors need to be considered together, based on the One Health perspective. In this article, we highlight the most effective initiatives for the control and prevention of infectious diseases: vaccination; environmental sanitation; vector control; social programs that encourage a reduction in the population growth; control of urbanization; safe sex stimulation; testing; treatment of sexually and vertically transmitted infections; promotion of personal hygiene practices; food safety and proper nutrition; reduction of the human contact with wildlife and livestock; reduction of social inequalities; infectious disease surveillance; and biodiversity preservation. Subsequently, this article highlights the impacts of human genetics on susceptibility to infections and disease progression, using the SARS-CoV-2 infection as a study model. Finally, actions focused on mitigation of outbreaks and epidemics and the importance of conservation of ecosystems and translational ecology as public health strategies are also discussed.

RESUMO Neste trabalho são realizadas análises sísmicas em edifício de concreto armado com sistema estrutural de pórticos preenchidos com alvenarias participantes. Para a determinação das forças sísmicas, utiliza-se o método espectral da ABNT NBR 15421:2006. Para a simulação da rigidez axial das alvenarias nos pórticos emprega-se o modelo de diagonal equivalente, segundo diversas expressões encontradas na literatura. O principal objetivo é avaliar as diferenças entre essas expressões da literatura para a diagonal equivalente na resposta sísmica. Outro objetivo é de comparar resultados ao se desconsiderar a rigidez das alvenarias sob a ação sísmica. Os resultados são comentados e fornecem contribuições a engenheiros estruturais para o projeto de estruturas aporticadas de edifícios com alvenarias participantes submetidos a ações sísmicas.

ABSTRACT In this paper, seismic analyses are performed of a reinforced concrete frame building with participating masonry walls are carried out. The spectral method of the Brazilian code – ABNT 15421:2006 – was used to obtain the lateral seismic loads. The equivalent diagonal-strut model was employed to simulate the axial stiffness of the masonry walls in the frames, according to different formulations founded in literature. The main purpose is to evaluate the differences implemented by the different formulations for the equivalent strut on the seismic response. This paper also aims at comparing results obtained when the masonry stiffness is not considered under seismic loads. The results obtained are analyzed with the purpose of providing contributions for structural engineers in the design of framed structure buildings with participating masonry walls subjected to seismic loads.

Abstract Microgrids (MGs) have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers, government officials, and electricity companies for the values and services they can add to the grid. They can operate independently as a single controllable unit in a coordinated way while connected or islanded, which make them suitable to integrate the growing amount of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the distribution network (DN). An active distribution network with high penetration of DERs could be redefined into a collection of microgrids in different layers, pooling their resources together to enhance the grid’s performance in the sense of electricity as a service. However, enabling a microgrid-based power system infrastructure poses challenges concerning operation and control. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of research topics regarding microgrid operation are shown in a hierarchical or stratified manner, looking for a holistic vision of a microgrid-based distribution system. First, multi-objective optimization within one microgrid is formulated aiming to minimize costs and maximize battery life is presented. Second, the interaction among MGs, DERs and the DN was modeled using the OPF technique to represent the operation of the grid as a whole. Following, a methodology for collaborative optimization of multiple MGs operating together is presented and at last a theoretical framework for MG operation through decentralized energy markets is discussed. As a result, this paper aims to contribute to a broad vision of the distribution system based on microgrid operation in all its levels.

RESUMO O comportamento de oviposição da rara borboleta Minstrellus grandis (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) é registrado pela primeira vez. Duas fêmeas depositaram ovos sobre folhas velhas de uma Triplaris (Polygonaceae) não identificada, uma planta mirmecofítica conhecida popularmente como ‘pau-formiga’ ou ‘novateiro’, habitadas por formigas ‘taxi’ agressivas do gênero Pseudomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Estas observações sugerem que as lagartas de M. grandis vivem associadas com um dos mais perigosos tipos de simbiose formiga-planta da Amazônia.

ABSTRACT The oviposition behavior of the rare butterfly Minstrellus grandis (Callaghan, 1999) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) is recorded for the first time. Two females laid eggs on the old leaves of an unidentified Triplaris Loefl. ex L. (Polygonaceae), a myrmecophytic plant typically known as ‘Triplaria’ or ‘novice’ tree, inhabited by aggressive ‘taxi’ ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex Lund. 1831 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). These observations suggest that M. grandis caterpillars live associated with one of the most harmful types of Amazon ant-plant symbiosis.

Abstract Amazonian biodiversity is increasingly threatened due to the weakening of policies for combating deforestation, especially in Brazil. Loss of animal and plant species, many not yet known to science, is just one among many negative consequences of Amazon deforestation. Deforestation affects indigenous communities, riverside as well as urban populations, and even planetary health. Amazonia has a prominent role in regulating the Earth’s climate, with forest loss contributing to rising regional and global temperatures and intensification of extreme weather events. These climatic conditions are important drivers of emerging infectious diseases, and activities associated with deforestation contribute to the spread of disease vectors. This review presents the main impacts of Amazon deforestation on infectious-disease dynamics and public health from a One Health perspective. Because Brazil holds the largest area of Amazon rainforest, emphasis is given to the Brazilian scenario. Finally, potential solutions to mitigate deforestation and emerging infectious diseases are presented from the perspectives of researchers in different fields.

Abstract Paper aims the purpose of this study is to analyze how Open Innovation (OI) activities occur in Product Development Processes (PDP) and in the design of new products. Originality the study is based on a self-developed and conducted survey, applied to engineers and managers working in departments involving product development and innovation among the Brazilian automakers. Research method the method adopted is that of a questionnaire-based survey. Results are analyzed through a principal component analysis, followed by ordinary least squares regressions, in order to test the hypotheses proposed. Main findings results suggest that inbound practices were more present than outbound practices, with a strong presence of the supplier in the design process (and not so much of a user-centered approach). Correlation between an organizational culture that favors OI and adoption to newer PDP methods and tools indicate that adopting newer product development methodologies and technologies could lead to a more “open” design process. Implications for theory and practice the research provides an overview of open innovation within the Brazilian automakers, and reports what could be opportunities for the automotive industry to head towards.

Abstract The kinetics and equilibrium of experimental data of mercury (II) sorption using three different macrophytes E. crassipes, E. azurea and S. ariculata were analyzed. From the kinetic models used, the model 1, which considers the surface area of constant sorption, presents the coefficient of determination, R2, closer to the unit (0.97). Already, in the liquid phase, the best fit of the experimental data was obtained for model 2 (R2=0.96), which considers the variable surface area. The calculated values for the determination coefficients indicate that the Redlich-Peterson isotherm best describes the equilibrium (R2=0.79). The results show that the macrophyte S. ariculata surface area, which presented the highest adsorption potential (15.77x10-4m2.g-1), was far below those found in the best adsorbents. However, considering the large volume of adsorbent material required in an industrial plant and the low cost of the analyzed adsorbents, it is considered that the macrophytes investigated have a considerable potential for the removal of mercury from wastewater.

Abstract The aim of this work was to study the effect of different variables in the morphology and water vapor permeation of asymmetric membranes. Different from other works on vapor induced phase inversion this work focus on the formation of a dense skin capable of separating small molecules like gases and on the transport properties of water vapor instead of liquid water. It also correlates the morphologies with the permeability. The results show that higher polymer concentrations lead to denser skin and lower permeability. Water vapor transmission rates varied from 30 to 48 g/m2.h depending on membrane morphology. They also show that for membranes with the same type of skin layer the permeability depends on the sub-layer. Finally, the results suggest that different mechanisms were responsible for the formation of the membranes.

Abstract This study describes the use of bentonite in suspension for the caffeine adsorption (pollutant of emerging concern) by taking different conditions of the pH, adsorbent mass, adsorbent calcination temperature and interferents into account. The results were compared with those obtained using bentonite immobilized in alginate beads. The acid medium has a greater efficiency for the caffeine adsorption and the adsorbent calcination temperature exerts, due to structural changes. Caffeine removal higher than 90% was obtained at optimized conditions. The Langmuir model indicated a better fit of the data and the adsorption capacity of caffeine onto bentonite. The bentonite immobilized led to a slower adsorption process in relation to the suspended.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa avaliou a compactação de um Nitossolo Bruno causada por diferentes intensidades de tráfego do feller direcional e skidder na colheita de madeira em um povoamento de Pinus taeda. Os dados foram coletados em uma empresa florestal localizada no estado do Paraná, Brasil. O procedimento de amostragem foi realizado pela instalação de quatro blocos (30 m × 15 m) com parcelas subdivididas e os tratamentos representados pela combinação de cinco simulações de tráfego das máquinas feller direcional e skidder, aplicadas nas parcelas em quatro profundidades do solo e em subparcelas. A compactação foi avaliada pela densidade do solo, porosidade total, microporosidade e macroporosidade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de significância. Foram ainda ajustadas equações de regressão linear para representar a relação entre a intensidade do tráfego, profundidade e a variável considerada. Os resultados mostraram que tráfego das máquinas provocou maior compactação nas camadas superficiais do solo, resultando em incrementos na densidade do solo na ordem de 14,6% em relação à condição sem tráfego de máquinas. O aumento da intensidade de tráfego do skidder contribuiu com a redução de 62,5% e 53,8% nos valores de macroporosidade para as profundidades de 0-10 e 10-20 cm, respectivamente. A atividade de arraste das árvores com o trator skidder contribuiu para o aumento da compactação do solo, acarretada pelas diversas passadas da máquina em uma única linha.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the compaction of a Bruno Nitisol caused by traffic intensities by a directional feller and skidder used to wood harvesting in a Pinus taeda stand. Data were collected at a forest company located in Parana State, Brazil. Samples were performed using an installation of four blocks (30 × 15 m) with subdivided plots and the treatments included a combination of five traffic simulations of directional feller and skidder machines, with the simulations performed in the plots at four soil depths, referred to as subplots. Compaction was evaluated by soil density, total porosity, microporosity, and macroporosity. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared with the Tukey test at a 5% level of significance. Linear regression equations were also adjusted to represent the relation between traffic intensity, depth, and the variable of interest. The results showed that machine traffic caused higher compaction of the superficial soil layers, resulting in a 14.6% increase in soil density compared to the soil subjected to no machine traffic. The increase in traffic intensity of the skidder tractor reduced macroporosity by 62.5% and 53.8% at depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively. Dragging of the logs by the skidder tractor increased soil compaction due to the several trips by the machine in a single line.