Esferas de superfície canelada ou estriada e membranas de textura porosa e superfície rugosa preparadas com sóis aquosos de pseudoboemita fibrillar são capazes de imobilizar leveduras para fermentação alcoólica de soluções aquosas açucaradas. Este artigo descreve os resultados de ensaios levados a efeito com leveduras imobilizadas em esferas e membranas de alumina-alfa, preparadas sob duas diferentes condições de processamento e queima. A fermentação alcoólica dos meios foi acompanhada pelo decréscimo do teor de sólidos solúveis em graus Brix por hora e indicou que as leveduras imobilizadas nas esferas obtidas pelas duas rotas apresentaram desempenho similar, provavelmente por causa de suas superfícies que, mesmo morfologicamente diferentes, apresentaram o mesmo valor de porosidade aberta. Um tipo de membrana (assimétrica; pseudoboemita fibrilar como precursor; temperatura de queima de 1.150ºC; estrutura cristalina de alumina-alfa), levou a melhor desempenho do que outro (assimétrico; mistura de pseudoboemita fibrilar e hidroxiacetato de alumínio como precursor; 1.150ºC; alumina-alfa), provavelmente porque as células de leveduras penetraram no seu interior poroso pelas fendas superficiais, imobilizaram-se e cresceram mais facilmente do que na superfície externa.

Alumina channeled beads and rough surface membranes prepared from aqueous sols of fibrillar pseudoboehmite are able to immobilize yeasts for ethanol fermentation of sugar solutions. This paper describes comparative results of assays carried out with yeasts immobilized onto alpha-alumina beads and membranes prepared under two different conditions of processing and firing. The fermentation tests evaluated by the decrease of fermentable sugars, referred as Brix degrees per hour, indicated that the yeasts immobilized on beads had similar performance, probably because their surfaces, even being morphologically different, presented the same value of open porosity. One type of membrane (asymmetrical; precursor: pseudoboehmite; firing temperature 1,150ºC; crystal structure; alpha-alumina) had better performance than the other type (asymmetrical; precursor: fibrillar pseudoboehmite plus aluminum hydroxiacetate mixture; 1,150ºC; alpha-alumina) because the yeast cells entered into their porous interior through the surface slits, were immobilized and their growth was easier than on the external surface.

Crystalline aluminium hydroxiacetate was prepared by reaction between aluminium powder (ALCOA 123) and aqueous solution of acetic acid at 96ºC ±1ºC. The white powder of Al(OH)(CH3COO)2 is constituted by agglomerates of crystalline plates, having size about 10mum. The crystals were fired from 200ºC to 1550ºC, in oxidizing atmosphere and the products characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and surface area measurements by BET-nitrogen method. Transition aluminas are formed from heating at the following temperatures: gamma (300ºC); delta (750ºC); alpha (1050ºC). The aluminas maintain the original morphology of the Al(OH)Ac2 crystal agglomerates, up to 1050ºC, when sintering and coalescence of the alpha-alumina crystals start and proceed up to 1550ºC. High surface area aluminas are formed in the temperature range of 700ºC to 1100ºC; the maximum value of 198m²/g is obtained at 900ºC, with delta-alumina structure. The formation sequence of transition aluminas is similar to the sequence from well ordered boehmite, but with differences in the transition temperatures and in the development of high surface areas. It is suggested that the causes for these diversities between the two sequences from Al(OH) Ac2 and boehmite are due to the different particle sizes, shapes and textures of the gamma-Al2O3 which acts as precursor for the sequence gamma- to alpha-Al2O3.