Resumen Antecedentes: la alta prevalencia de depresión en la adolescencia y sus graves consecuencias, asociadas a su falta de detección y tratamiento, estimulan el interés en la investigación respecto a su prevención e intervención tempranas. Las intervenciones basadas en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), dada su flexibilidad y capacidad de difusión, representan oportunidades innovadoras; no obstante, en Latinoamérica hay poca evidencia sobre su impacto y eficacia. Objetivo y metodología: se realiza un estudio piloto cuantitativo cuasiexperimental que busca evaluar la factibilidad del programa basado en Internet “Cuida tu Ánimo”, mediante las variables de uso y aceptabilidad, y la estimación del efecto, en 215 adolescentes (103 grupo activo, 112 grupo control) de dos instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Medellín. Se evaluaron las interacciones de los adolescentes con el Programa, su uso-aceptabilidad, el nivel de sintomatología depresiva y otros aspectos relacionados. Resultados: los adolescentes reportan alta aceptación y uso muy moderado del Programa. Señalan el aprendizaje sobre depresión y detección temprana del riesgo que les proporcionó el Programa; y recomiendan aumentar la interactividad de la plataforma web, generar contenidos más diversos y entretenidos, y aumentar los niveles de presencialidad de la intervención. Conclusiones: los programas basados en las TIC pueden ser un complemento favorable para la prevención e intervención tempranas de la depresión en adolescentes. Dada la dificultad de asociar la estimación del efecto del Programa con su uso, se recomienda en estudios futuros utilizar un diseño que permita relacionar los indicadores de uso con los de resultado (dosis-efecto).

Abstract Background: the high prevalence of depression in adolescence and its serious consequences, associated with its lack of detection and treatment, stimulate interest in research regarding its early prevention and intervention. Interventions based on information and communication technologies (ICT), given their flexibility and capacity for dissemination, represent innovative opportunities; however, in Latin America there is little evidence on their impact and efficacy. Objective and Methods: a quasi-experimental quantitative pilot study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility, through the variables of use and acceptability, and the estimated effect of the Internet-based program "Cuida tu Ánimo", in 215 adolescents (103 active group, 112 control group) from two educational institutions. The adolescents' interactions with the program, its use-acceptability, and the level of depressive symptomatology and other related aspects were evaluated. Results: the adolescents report high acceptance and very moderate use of the Program. They point out that the program allowed them to learn about depression and early detection of risk; also, they recommend increasing the interactivity of the web platform, designing more diverse and entertaining content, and increasing the presence of the intervention. Conclusions: Internet-based programs such as Cuida tu Ánimo can be a favorable complement for the prevention and early intervention of depression in adolescents. Considering the difficulty in relating the estimation of the Program's effect with its use, it is recommended that future studies include a design that permits associating the use indicators with the outcome indicators (dose-effect).

RESUMO Objetivo O aumento da resistência aos antibióticos (AR) é um fenômeno global com variações regionais. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever a AR em culturas de urina de mulheres oriundas da comunidade em uma cidade sul-brasileira. Métodos Um estudo de centro único, transversal e retrospectivo em culturas de urina oriundas da comunidade. O principal desfecho foi o perfil de AR de bactérias isoladas de uroculturas ambulatoriais. Resultados De 4.011 culturas de urina, 524 foram positivas (91% de mulheres). As bactérias mais frequentemente isoladas em mulheres foram Escherichia coli (67,0%) e Klebsiella spp. (19,4%). E. coli apresentou baixa resistência à nitrofurantoína (3,7%), moderada a levofloxacina (15,6%), amoxacilina-clavulonato (16,4%) e ciprofloxacina (17,4%) e alta ao trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (26,9%) entre mulheres. Conclusões A nitrofurantoína parece ser a melhor escolha para o tratamento empírico das infecções do trato urinário inferior em mulheres, enquanto as sulfonamidas não são mais uma opção, uma vez que a resistência de E. coli a essa droga é superior a 20%.

ABSTRACT Objective The increase in antibiotic resistance (AR) is a global phenomenon with regional variation. This survey aims to describe the AR in urine cultures of women from the community in a southern Brazil city. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional single-center study in urine cultures of community dwelling individuals. The main outcome was the AR profile of bacterial isolates from women in outpatient care. Results From 4,011 urine cultures, 524 were positive (91% from women). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (E. coli) (67.0%) and Klebsiella spp. (19.4%). E. coli presented low resistance to nitrofurantoin (3.7%), moderate to levofloxacin (15.6%), amoxacillin-clavulonate (16.4%) and ciprofloxacin (17.4%), and high to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (26.9%). Conclusions Nitrofurantoin seems to be the best choice for the empirical treatment of low urinary tract infections in women, whereas sulfonamides are no longer an option, since E. coli resistance to this drug is above 20%.

RESUMEN Objetivo El aumento de la resistencia a los antibióticos (AR) es un fenómeno global con variaciones regionales. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo describir la AR en cultivos de orina de mujeres de la comunidad de una ciudad del sur de Brasil. Métodos Un estudio retrospectivo transversal, de un solo centro, de cultivos de orina de la comunidad. El resultado principal fue el perfil de AR de bacterias aisladas de estos cultivos de orina. Resultados De 4.011 cultivos de orina, 524 fueron positivos (91% de las mujeres). Las bacterias más frecuentemente aisladas en mujeres fueron Escherichia coli (67,0%) y Klebsiella spp. (19,4%). E. coli mostró baja resistencia a nitrofurantoína (3,7%), moderada a levofloxacina (15,6%), amoxacilina-clavulonato (16,4%) y ciprofloxacina (17,4%) y alta a trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol (26,9%) entre las mujeres. Conclusiones La nitrofurantoína parece ser la mejor opción para el tratamiento empírico de la infección de las vías urinarias inferiores en mujeres, mientras que las sulfonamidas ya no son una opción, ya que la resistencia de E. coli a este fármaco es superior al 20%.

Agro-industrial wastes are abundant and low-cost sources of energy and chemicals. Biomass account for 14% of the world’s energy production. Industrial residues of production of soluble coffee (spent coffee grounds - SCG) have great potential due to its large-scale production and can be transformed by pyrolysis, in liquid, solid and gaseous products with applications from energy to chemicals. This work has the objective of producing bio-oil from the pyrolysis of industrial SCG, characterize it by chromatography and indicate its possible applications. As SGC contains a large amount of glycerides, they were extracted from SGC before the pyrolysis, aiming to obtain a better bio-oil from the residue. The yield in vegetable oil was 5.2% and its analyses showed that 50% are saturated acids (mainly palmitic 27.6%) and other 50% are unsaturated ones (mainly linoleic acid 35.3%). This composition qualifies this oil for biodiesel purposes. The residue (SGC after extraction) was submitted to pyrolysis, yielding 30% in liquid products, being 6% bio-oil. The bio-oil was analyzed by gas chromatography being identified free fatty acids, hydrocarbons, phenols and N-compounds. The heteroatomic compounds limit the use as biofuel but can be interesting for the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and fine chemicals industries.

Resumo Contexto A obesidade pode estar relacionada a doenças como diabetes, hipertensão arterial e dislipidemia. A cirurgia bariátrica é um dos tratamentos mais eficazes, levando à diminuição de peso e comorbidades. Objetivo Avaliar o perfil metabólico e farmacoterapêutico de pacientes obesos após cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo, realizado em um hospital localizado na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Foram avaliados 70 prontuários de pacientes que realizaram cirurgia bariátrica, nos períodos de antes de 2 meses e mais de 6 meses após a cirurgia bariátrica. A análise estatística foi realizada no programa SPSS 17.0®. Resultados A pressão arterial inicial foi de 130/85 mmHg, passando para 120/80 mmHg (p < 0,01). Com relação ao perfil metabólico antes de dois meses, o HDL foi de 34 mg/dL, o colesterol total foi de 195,07 ± 40,17 mg/dL, o LDL foi de 118,22 ± 41,28 mg/dL, os triglicerídeos foram de 141,09 ± 43,39 mg/dL, e a glicemia de jejum foi de 90 mg/dL. Após 6 meses de cirurgia, os valores passaram para 43 mg/dL, 133,67 ± 28,14 mg/dL, 65,53 ± 24,3 mg/dL, 104,41 ± 29,6 mg/dL, e 77 mg/dL, respectivamente (p < 0,01). Com relação ao uso de medicamentos, 41% utilizaram anti-hipertensivos, 39% utilizaram hipolipemiantes, 10% utilizaram hipoglicemiantes orais e 97% utilizaram suplementos antes dos 2 meses de cirurgia. Após os 6 meses, os percentuais foram alterados para 21%, 19%, 9% e 99%, respectivamente. Conclusões O estudo mostra o sucesso da cirurgia bariátrica em pacientes obesos com comorbidades, revelando melhora no perfil metabólico e redução na utilização de medicamentos para tratamento de comorbidades.

Abstract Background Obesity can be associated with diseases such as diabetes, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective treatments available, reducing both weight and comorbidities. Objective To evaluate the metabolic and pharmacotherapeutic profile of obese patients after bariatric surgery. Methods This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study conducted at a hospital located in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, based on analysis of the medical records for 70 patients who underwent bariatric surgery covering periods spanning from 2 months prior to more than 6 months after their bariatric surgery. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 17.0®. Results Initial arterial blood pressure was 130/85 mmHg, 6 months after surgery it was 120/80 mmHg (p < 0.01). The metabolic profile 2 months before surgery was as follows: HDL was 34 mg/dL, total cholesterol was 195.07 ± 40.17 mg/dL, LDL was 118.22 ± 41.28 mg/dL, triglycerides were 141.09 ± 43.39 mg/dL, and fasting glycemia was 90 mg/dL. The same figures 6 months after surgery were 43 mg/dL, 133.67 ± 28.14 mg/dL, 65.53 ± 24.3 mg/dL, 104.41 ± 29.6 mg/dL, and 77 mg/dL, respectively (p < 0.01). Use of medications 2 months before surgery was as follows: 41% were on antihypertensives, 39% on hypolipidemics, 10% on oral hypoglycemics, and 97% were on nutritional supplements. These percentages 6 months after surgery had changed to 21%, 19%, 9% and 99%, respectively. Conclusions This study illustrates that bariatric surgery for obese patients with comorbidities was successful, demonstrating improvements in their metabolic profile and reductions in use of medications used to treat comorbidities.

Na análise sobre partidos políticos há um debate clássico sobre tipologias partidárias. Modelos tipológicos são construídos especialmente a partir de indicadores. O financiamento partidário é uma dimensão central, que oferece parâmetros para a identificação das tipologias. Neste artigo, propomos contrapor os distintos modelos partidários destacados na literatura com os perfis de financiamento encontrados nas organizações partidárias brasileiras. Através de dados do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE), identificamos a origem dos recursos que financiam as legendas. Concluímos que há um nítido afastamento do caso brasileiro com partidos de quadros e de massa e uma aproximação com um tipo catch-all ou cartel. No entanto, o fundo partidário não tem apresentado elementos que fortalecem a tese de um processo de cartelização. Ao contrário, ele tem contribuído para garantir menor concentração na competição política, bem como manter no mercado maior oferta partidária.

In analysis about political parties, there is a classical debate about types of parties. Typological models are based specially on indicators. Party funding is a central dimension that provides parameters to identify types. In this paper, we propose contrasting different party models highlighted in literature with the profile of funding found in Brazilian party organizations. Through data provided by the Electoral Supreme Court (TSE), we identify the origin of resources that fund parties. We conclude that there is, in case of Brazil, a clear departure from cadre-based parties of and mass parties and an approximation to a catch-all or cartel party. However, the Party Fund has not shown evidence to support the thesis of a process of cartelization. Instead, it has helped to guarantee smaller concentration in political competition and also to keep a larger supply in the party market.

There are predictive indexes to identify asthmatic patients from the rest of the recurrent wheezing phenotypes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the association between the positive Asthma Predictive Index (API) and the presence of asthma between the age of six and seven years old, in children from Valdivia, Chile. Methods: API was applied to 101 asthmatic children (cases) and 100 non-asthmatic children (controls). Data were analyzed using STATA v. 11 (2009). Fisher Exact Test was used to determine the relationship between variables. Results: 72.3% of asthmatic patients and 3% of non- asthmatic patients had a positive index. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were shown in all the variables included in the API. In our group of patients, the probability for a child to develop asthma was at least 24 times higher if he/she had a positive API (OR = 84.3 CI95% 24.1-436.5). Conclusion: API is a good tool to predict asthma and allows to take right decisions in recurrent wheezing children younger than 36 months old.

Es un desafío identificar pacientes asmáticos entre sibilantes recurrentes, por eso existen índices predictivos. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la asociación entre índice predictivo de asma (IPA) positivo, y presencia de asma entre los seis y siete años de edad, en niños de la comuna de Valdivia. Material y Método: Se aplicó el índice IPA a 101 casos (niños asmáticos) y 100 controles (niños sin asma). Se utilizó STATA v.11 (2009), y Test exacto de Fisher para determinar relación entre variables. Resultados: 72,3% de los pacientes asmáticos y 3% de los no asmáticos tuvieron un índice IPA positivo. Se demostraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,001) en todas las variables que componen los criterios del IPA. En nuestros pacientes, la probabilidad de desarrollar asma fue al menos 24 veces mayor si tenían índice IPA positivo (OR 84,3 IC95% 24,1-436,5). Conclusión: El índice IPA es una buena herramienta para predecir asma, y permite tomar decisiones acertadas en pacientes sibilantes menores de tres años.