The effect of different heterogeneous catalysts on the microwave-assisted transesterification of sunflower oil for the production of methylic biodiesel in a monomode microwave reactor is described. The experiments were carried out at 70 ºC with a 16:1 methanolsunflower oil molar ratio and different heterogeneous basic and acidic catalysts. The results showed that the microwave-heated reactions occur up to four times faster than those carried out with conventional heating. The reactions were performed with 24 catalysts; pure calcium oxide (CaO) and potassium carbonate, either pure or supported by alumina (K2CO3/Al2O3), were the most efficient catalysts.

Hydrogen bond energies of fifteen dimers were calculated using the large basis set 6-311++G(3df,3pd), at Hartree-Fock (HF) level including Møller-Plesset (MP2) calculations. The procedure for obtaining such energies were based on the dimer's energy rise provoked by increasing in intermolecular distance of the system component units. Deviations from a strictly linear hydrogen bond were investigated and rotational barriers were also computed allowing the calculation of the second order attractive interactions. In order to provide a more objective definition of hydrogen bond, a lower energy limit was proposed in place of the merely empirical parameters employed in the classical definition

Este trabalho trata de forças que atuam em capacitores assimétricos quando são utilizadas fontes de alta tensão. Estas forças são as responsáveis pelo fenômeno conhecido por "efeito Biefeld-Brown" que se acreditava ser um novo princípio físico envolvendo eletromagnetismo e gravitação. Capacitor assimétrico é um capacitor cujos eletrodos possuem geometria bastante diferenciada um do outro. Os resultados experimentais mostram que o capacitor, quando sob alta tensão, fica submetido à ação de uma força resultante produzida pela colisão de íons formados no ar (vento iônico) em volta dos eletrodos. A força resultante produz o chamado 'efeito levitação' que faz o capacitor flutuar em pleno ar. O sistema desenvolvido tem sido utilizado em demonstrações em sala de aula para estudantes dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em física da UFSC e para colegas do departamento de física, provocando grande excitação e discussões sobre o assunto.

This work deals with electrical forces on asymmetric capacitors when a source of high voltage is used. These strengths are responsible by the phenomenon known as "Biefeld-Brown effect" believed to be a new physical principle due to the electromagnetism and gravitation. Asymmetric capacitor is a capacitor whose geometry of the electrodes differs from each other. The experimental results show that when a high voltage is applied to the capacitor a resulting force acts on it, which is produced by the collision of the ions that are formed in the air (ionic wind) at vicinities of the electrodes. This resulting force promotes the so called "levitation effect" that makes the capacitor floating in the air. The system developed here have been used in classroom demonstrations for undergraduate and graduate students of the Federal University of Santa Catarina and for colleagues of the physics department provoking great excitement and discussions on the subject.

The influence of a strong external electric field in chemical bonding is not extensively studied. In this work, the behavior of the potential energy curves of the BeH+ ion in an external electric field is investigated by means of variational calculations using molecular orbitals. For simplicity we consider the case where the external field is parallel to the molecular axis, in the direction of the dipole moment, which raises the polarization of the ion. The effects on dissociation are investigated.