ABSTRACT Introduction: Down syndrome is a chromosomal alteration consisting in the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21; it is related to diseases such as hypothyroidism and celiac disease, aspects which are very little studied currently. Objective: Identify the predisposition of celiac disease in hypothyroid patients with Down syndrome. Methods: Observational study with cross-sectional design conducted at ¨William Soler¨ Hospital in the years 2018-2020. 29 patients with Down syndrome and hypothyroidism were investigated, in whom thyroid profile, bone age, and antigliadin and antitransglutaminase antibodies were performed by screening for celiac disease. Results: The most affected age group was 5 to 9 years (44.8 %), female sex (51.7 %). As a family history, thyroid disease and diabetes mellitus (79.35 and 37.9%, respectively) were common. Bone age was rated as normal in 86.8%, and as normal-weight 96.6 %. Constipation and diarrhea were present (24.1% and 20.7%, respectively). The presence of predisposing antibodies to celiac disease was positive in 6.9% for anti-transglutaminase antibodies in children between 5 and 9 years old and for antigliadin antibodies 3.4% was found positive corresponding to a child between 5 and 9 years. Conclusions: This approach to the topic allows to consider celiac disease in hypothyroid patients with Down syndrome.

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome de Down, es una alteración cromosómica consistente en la presencia de una copia extra del cromosoma 21, se relaciona con enfermedades como el hipotiroidismo y la enfermedad celíaca, aspectos muy poco estudiado actualmente. Objetivo: Identificar la predisposición de enfermedad celiaca en pacientes hipotiroideos con síndrome de Down. Métodos: Estudio observacional con diseño transversal realizado en el hospital William Soler, años 2018-2020. Se investigaron 29 pacientes con síndrome de Down e hipotiroidismo, en quienes se realizó perfil tiroideo, edad ósea, y anticuerpos antigliadina y antitransglutaminasa para cribado de enfermedad celíaca. Resultados: El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 5 a 9 años 44,8 %, sexo femenino 51,7 %. Como antecedentes familiares, la enfermedad tiroidea y la diabetes mellitus 79,35 y 37,9 %, respectivamente. La edad ósea valorada como normal en 86,8 %, como normopeso 96,6 %. Estuvo presente la constipación y las diarreas 24,1 y 20,7 %, respectivamente. La presencia de anticuerpos predisponentes de enfermedad celíaca resultó positivo en 6,9 % para anticuerpos antitransglutaminasa en niños comprendidos entre 5 y 9 años de edad y para los anticuerpos antigliadina se encontró positivo 3,4 % correspondiente a un niño entre 5 y 9 años. Conclusiones: Esta aproximación al tema permite ponderar la enfermedad celiaca en pacientes hipotiroideos con síndrome de Down.

Abstract The air quality and distribution of trace elements in a metropolitan area of the Peruvian Andes were evaluated using transplanted epiphytic Tillandsia capillaris as biomonitors. Biomonitors were collected from the non-contaminated area and exposed to five sites with different types of contamination for three months in 2017. After exposure, the content of twenty-one elements were determined by ICP-MS analysis. Datasets were evaluated by one-way ANOVA, exposed-to-baseline (EB), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed significant differences among sampling sites for several elements. According to EF ratios for Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn EB ratios value greater than 1.75 were found around urban areas, indicating anthropogenic influence, which can be attributed to vehicular sources. The highest values of As and Cd were found in areas of agricultural practices, therefore their presence could be related to the employment of agrochemicals (pesticides, herbicides, and phosphate fertilizers). HCA shows that most elements come from vehicular sources and lower from agricultural and natural sources.

According to published data, myocardial revascularization procedures to improve blood supply began in 1967, based on the procedures carried out by the Argentine René Gerónimo Favaloro at the Cleveland Clinic. Like many other aspects of cardiac surgery, this fact has also been overshadowed by historical inaccuracies, which have not been adequately clarified; so that the man who performed the first mammary-coronary anastomosis in humans has not been given the credit: Dr. William Polk Longmire Jr. Possibly, the coronary artery bypass began to spring from the seed in the expert hands of Longmire, in Los Angeles on a cold winter morning in 1958. A few years before Favaloro decided to continue watering it at the Cleveland Clinic. This article will hopefully serve as the first of the well-deserved tributes that the undisputed father of coronary surgery will receive this year

Según datos publicados, en el año 1967 se iniciaron los procedimientos quirúrgicos de construcción de anastomosis para el aporte sanguíneo miocárdico, basados en las operaciones realizadas por el argentino René Gerónimo Avaloró en la Cleveland Clinic. Como muchos otros aspectos de la cirugía cardíaca, este hecho ha estado también ensombrecido por imprecisiones históricas, que no han sido adecuadamente dilucidadas; por lo que no se le ha dado el crédito que merece al hombre que realizó la primera anastomosis entre una arteria mamaria interna y un vaso coronario en humanos: el doctor William Polk Longmire Jr. El baipás coronario empezó a salir de su semilla en las expertas manos de Longmire, en Los Ángeles, quizás en una fría mañana del invierno de 1958; unos años antes de que Favaloro decidiera continuar regándola en la Cleveland Clinic. Sirva este artículo -quizás- como el primero de los merecidos homenajes que recibirá este año, sin dudas, el padre de la cirugía coronaria

A new iterative scheme that uses the residual vector as search direction is proposed and analyzed for solving large-scale nonsymmetric linear systems, whose matrix has a positive (or negative) definite symmetric part. It is closely related to Richardson's method, although the stepsize and some other new features are inspired by the success of recently proposed residual methods for nonlinear systems. Numerical experiments are included to show that, without preconditioning, the proposed scheme outperforms some recently proposed variations on Richardson's method, and competes with well-known and well-established Krylov subspace methods: GMRES and BiCGSTAB. Our computational experiments also show that, in the presence of suitable preconditioning strategies, residual iterative methods can be competitive, and sometimes advantageous, when compared with Krylov subspace methods.