Eugenol (C10H12O2, 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a phenolic natural product that has several biological activities and possibilities of applications. It is herein described the synthesis of eugenol-fluorinated triazole derivatives and evaluation of their fungicidal activity. The reaction of eugenol with epichlorohydrin resulted in the preparation of (±)-2-((4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)oxirane (1) in 88% yield. The azidolysis of 1 with sodium azide gave the azido-alcohol (±)-1-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-3-azidopropan-2-ol (2) in 94% yield. The CuAAc reaction between compound 2 and different terminal alkynes afforded a series of eleven derivatives (3a 3k) within 48-80% yield. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C) spectroscopies and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The in vitro inhibitory activity of the compounds on the mycelial growth of a strain of Colletotrichum sp., that causes anthracnose disease on papaya fruits, was evaluated. The best result was observed for compound 1-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-3-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (3d) that showed a mean growth-inhibition zone of 5.10 mm in a well-diffusion assay, and may serve as a template for additional structural modifications, aiming for more potent fungicidal activity.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to compare two MALDI-TOF identification methods [(a) direct sample identification after pre-incubation; or (b) use of bacteria isolated on pre-culture)] to standard, traditional bench microbiology. A total of 120 quarter milk samples from 40 Holstein lactating cows were screened based on culture-positive results obtained by microbiological culture (reference method) with the following numbers of quarters positive per cow: 4 cows with 1, 8 cows with 2, 12 cows with 3 and 16 cows with 4 infected quarters per cow. For direct identification method, quarter milk samples (n = 120) were skimmed by centrifugation (10,000 × g/10 min) and pre-incubated at 37 ºC for 12 h. After pre-incubation, quarter milk samples were submitted to total bacterial count by flow cytometry and for a preparation protocol for bacterial ribosomal protein extraction followed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The direct MALDI-TOF MS identification method compared to microbiological culture correctly identified isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (27.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (21.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.2%), and Streptococcus uberis (5.2%). The pre-incubation protocol of milk samples, associated to the direct identification method by MALDI-TOF MS, did not increase the identification at species level (score >2.0) of pathogens causing subclinical mastitis in comparison to the method without previous incubation.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de três cultivares de arroz sob salinidade da água de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido a pleno sol na Fazenda Experimental da Unilab, Redenção, Ceará, em janeiro de 2016. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial, 5 x 3 [(condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa: 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 dS m-1) aplicadas em três cultivares de arroz (C1- Ligeirinho; C2 - Casado e C3 - Meruinho)], totalizando 15 tratamentos, com 4 repetições de 30 sementes por cultivar. Após 21 dias, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: porcentagem de emergência (PE), índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), tempo médio de emergência (TME), velocidade média de emergência (VME), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca da raiz (MSR) e massa seca total (MST). A cultivar Ligeirinho possui maior tolerância ao estresse salino quanto à porcentagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência e velocidade média de emergência. A cultivar Casado apresentou maior tolerância ao estresse salino para massa seca da parte aérea, raiz e total em relação às demais cultivares.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of three rice cultivars under saline water irrigation. The experiment was carried out in full sun at the Experimental Farm of the Unilab, in Redenção, Ceará, Brazil, in January 2016. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme [irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1) versus three rice cultivars (C1 - Ligeirinho, C2 - Casado and C3 - Meruinho)], totaling 15 treatments, with 4 replicates of 30 seeds per cultivar. After 21 days, the following variables were evaluated: emergence percentage (EP), emergence speed index (ESI), mean time of emergence (MTE), mean speed of emergence (MSE), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM) and total dry matter (TDM). The cultivar Ligeirinho showed higher tolerance to saline stress with respect to the emergence percentage, emergence speed index and mean speed of emergence. The cultivar Casado showed higher tolerance to saline stress for shoot dry matter, root dry matter and total dry matter in comparison to the other cultivars.

Individuals with systemic arterial hypertension have a higher risk of heat-related complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the thermoregulatory responses of hypertensive subjects during recovery from moderate-intensity exercise performed in the heat. A total of eight essential hypertensive (H) and eight normotensive (N) male subjects (age=46.5±1.3 and 45.6±1.4 years, body mass index=25.8±0.8 and 25.6±0.6 kg/m2, mean arterial pressure=98.0±2.8 and 86.0±2.3 mmHg, respectively) rested for 30 min, performed 1 h of treadmill exercise at 50% of maximal oxygen consumption, and rested for 1 h after exercise in an environmental chamber at 38°C and 60% relative humidity. Skin and core temperatures were measured to calculate heat exchange parameters. Mean arterial pressure was higher in the hypertensive than in the normotensive subjects throughout the experiment (P<0.05, unpaired t-test). The hypertensive subjects stored less heat (H=-24.23±3.99 W·m−2 vs N=-13.63±2.24 W·m−2, P=0.03, unpaired t-test), experienced greater variations in body temperature (H=-0.62±0.05°C vs N=-0.35±0.12°C, P=0.03, unpaired t-test), and had more evaporated sweat (H=-106.1±4.59 W·m−2 vs N=-91.15±3.24 W·m−2, P=0.01, unpaired t-test) than the normotensive subjects during the period of recovery from exercise. In conclusion, essential hypertensive subjects showed greater sweat evaporation and increased heat dissipation and body cooling relative to normotensive subjects during recovery from moderate-intensity exercise performed in hot conditions.

Amorphous thin films of Pb1-xLaxTiO3 (with x=0, 13 and 27 mol %) were prepared by the polymeric precursor method and deposited by spin coating on glass substrates. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XDR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the band gap energy of the amorphous PLT films was calculated from the UV-VIS spectra. The obtained values were compared to that theoretically calculated. The observed decrease of the band gap was attributed to increased density of defects in the amorphous structure. Futhermore photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature was observed for thin (PbLa)TiO3 films.

Varistores à base de SnO2 foram preparados pelo processo convencional de mistura de óxidos. As amostras foram sinterizadas a 1250 °C por 2 h. Os difratogramas obtidos por difração de raios X e as análises por microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostraram a presença de uma única fase. Altos valores de coeficientes de não-linearidade foram obtidos para estes sistemas, que apresentaram comportamento varistor semelhantes aos de ZnO comercial

SnO2-based varistor systems were prepared by conventional mixing in a ball mill. The samples were sintered at 1250 ºC for 2 h. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the system is single phase. High nonlinear coefficient values, which are characteristic of high-voltage and commercial ZnO varistors, were obtained for these SnO2-based systems. All the systems developed here have potentially promising varistor applications.

A degradação elétrica de varistores à base de SnO2 foi estudada e verificou-se que na temperatura de 220 ºC ocorreu a degradação do material. Suas características foram recuperadas quando tratadas em atmosfera de O2, o que mostra que esta atmosfera é fundamental para a característica do varistor.

The electric degradation of SnO2-based varistors has been studied and verified that the thermal runway happened at 220 ºC. The varistor characteristics are recovered when treated in O2-rich atmosphere showing the importance of this atmosphere for the varistor properties.

The carbon dioxide reforming of methane was carried out over nickel catalysts supported on the gamma-Al2O3/CeO2 system prepared by wet impregnation. With the increase of the CeO2 weight in the catalyst, a higher stability was observed in the catalytic activity, together with an excellent resistance to carbon deposition and a better Ni dispersion. The catalysts were characterized by means of surface area measurements, TPR, H2 chemisorption, XRD, SEM, EDX, XPS and TEM. An interaction between Ni and CeO2 was observed to the Ni/CeO2 sample after activation in a H2 atmosphere above 300 ºC. Such behavior has a significantly influence on the catalytic activity.

Estudaram-se quinze pacientes com infecção assintomática por Clonorchis sinensis, revelada através de exame parasitológico de fezes. Todos eram de origem asiática e procuraram o Laboratório Central do Instituto Adolfo Lutz para se submeterem a exames laboratoriais necessários à regularização de sua situação, face à nova legislação sobre imigrantes. Eram todos indivíduos adultos, seis pertencendo ao sexo feminino e nove ao masculino. Os quinze pacientes com clonorquíase foram internados no Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP e tratados com Praziquantel, na dosagem de 60 mg/kg de peso corporal, dividida em duas tomadas. Foram realizados exames coprológicos quantitativos (método de Kato-Katz), antes do tratamento específico e no 15º, 30º e 60º dias após a terapêutica. Na última avaliação (60? dia após terapêutica), em nove pacientes (60,0%) não se encontraram ovos do trematódeo nas fezes e nos seis (40,0%), que continuavam eliminando ovos, notou-se redução na quantidade eliminada (superior a 90% em cinco e a 30% no paciente restante). Os pacientes foram também submetidos a exames subsidiários, para avaliação do estado geral e função hepática, antes da administração de Praziquantel e, posteriormente, no seguimento ambulatorial. A medicação foi relativamente bem tolerada pelos pacientes, verificando-se a ocorrência de efeitos colaterais representados por náuseas e vômitos (dois casos), vertigens e tonturas (dois casos), epigastralgia (dois casos) e diarréia no 3? dia após tratamento (um caso).

Fifteen adult patients with assymptomatic infection due to Clonorchis sinensis, diagnosed by coprological examination, were studied. They all came from Asia (twelve from Taiwan, two from South Korea and one from Hong Kong) and were examined at the Adolfo Lutz Institute and the Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, in São Paulo, Brazil. Six patients were women and nine men. All studied patients were admitted to hospital and treated with praziquantel (60 mg/ kg). Previous to treatment and on the 15th, 30th and 60th days after praziquantel administration, patients were submitted to quantitative stool examinations, according to Kato-Katz's technique and to hematological and biochemical serum analysis. After a 60 day follow-up nine patients (609c) were negative for C. sinensis eggs in stools. Those not cured after praziquantel administration (six patients, 40%) revealed a sharp decline in faecal elimination of C. sinensis eggs.

A injeção intravenosa de toxina escorpiônica (Tityus serrulatus) em ratos normais e infectados pelo Trypanosoma cruzi não causou alterações morfológicas ultra-estruturáis das células enterocromaflns-like (ECL) do estómago, embora tenha induzido a aumento significativo da secreção do suco gástrico. Nossos resultados parecem indicar que a estrutura das células ECL do estómago de ratos não é afetada pela estimulação com a toxina escorpiônica ou pela infecção aguda pelo T. cruzi.

Intravenous injection of scorpion toxin (Tityus serrulatus) in normal and Trypanosoma cruzi infected rats did not cause ultrastructural morphologic changes on enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of the stomach, although it induced a significant increase of the gastric secretion. Our data seem to indicate that gastric ECL cells structure is not affected by stimulation with scorpion toxin or by acute infection with T. cruzi in the rat.

A evidenciação da presença de ácido ribonucleico (ARN) viral por eletroforese em gel de policrilamida (EGPA) foi comprovada como um método altamente sensível e rápido para o diagnóstico de infecções por rotavirus. Uma comparação desta prova com a imunomicroscopia eletrônica (IEM) e com o ensaio imunoenzimático (EIE) no exame de 245 fezes de crianças com gastroenterite revelou completa concordancia entre os três ensaios em 238 (97.14%) amostras. Entre 75 amostras positivas pelo menos em um dos três ensaios, resultados negativos foram observados em 5 (6.48%) por EGPA, em 6 (6.76%) por EIE e em nenhum por IEM. Coloração pela prata aumentou consideravelmente a sensibilidade do ensaio por EGPA. Concluímos que embora a IEM ainda seja a prova mais sensível e rápida para o diagnóstico de infecções por rotavirus, o ensaio por EGPA tem muitas vantagens em seu favor, sendo as principais as de não necessitar equipamentos caros, de empregar exclusivamente reagentes quimicamente definidos, de identificar grupos e variantes virais e de detectar amostras que não possuindo antígenos comuns a maioria dos rotavirus, não são reveláveis por ensaios sorológicos.

Detection of rotavirus RNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) proved to be a highly sensitive and rapid diagnostic test. A comparison of this assay with immuno-electron microscopy (IEM) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in 245 faeces from children with gastroenteritis revealed complete agreement between the three assays in 238 (97.14%) samples. Among 75 samples positive in at least one of the three assays, negative results were observed in 5 (6.48%) by PAGE, in 6 (6.76%) by EIA and in none by IEM. Silver staining greatly increased the sensitivity of the PAGE assay. We conclude that although IEM remains the most sensitive and rapid rotavirus diagnostic assay, the PAGE technique has many advantages in its favour, including the non-requirement of expensive equipment, the use of only chemically defined reagents and the capacity to distinguish virus subgroup and variants and to detect non-crossreactive rotaviruses which are missed in serological assays.