RESUMEN Este estudio analizó la trayectoria de los intereses y prioridades relacionados con la seguridad alimentaria expresados en los informes de las cinco Conferencias Nacionales de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (Conferências Nacionais de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - CNSAN) realizadas en Brasil entre 1994 y 2015. La investigación fue sistematizada a través del análisis de contenido con un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo. Las dimensiones de la seguridad alimentaria se identificaron en las 1.181 propuestas de acción evaluadas a través de un modelo de análisis que consta de 3 categorías transversales, 8 categorías temáticas y 10 subcategorías. El análisis de contenido temporal reveló: continua reducción de las demandas de “acceso universal a una alimentación adecuada”, especialmente en la subcategoría “empleo e ingresos”; predominio de la categoría “estructuración de sistemas sostenibles de producción y abastecimiento de alimentos” con un aumento progresivo de la subcategoría “incentivo a la producción basada en la agroecología”; y mayores demandas de “priorización de los pueblos y comunidades tradicionales”. La línea de tiempo sugiere diferentes contribuciones de las Conferencias a la evolución del debate sobre la seguridad alimentaria en Brasil. Sin embargo, la inserción de los actores sociales en el proceso de formulación de la Política Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional de Brasil no garantizó la incorporación de los problemas en la agenda pública, que debe ser reconquistada y profundizada en los procesos de toma de decisiones. Los hallazgos atestiguan la importancia de la participación social para la calificación teórica y política de la seguridad alimentaria en Brasil.

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the trajectory of interests and priorities related to food security expressed in the reports of the five National Food and Nutritional Security Conferences (Conferências Nacionais de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - CNSAN) held in Brazil between 1994 and 2015. The documentary research was systematized through content analysis with a quantitative and qualitative focus. Food security dimensions were identified in the 1,181 action proposals assessed through an analysis model consisting of 3 cross-sectional categories, 8 thematic categories, and 10 subcategories. The temporal content analysis revealed: continuous reduction in demands for “universal access to adequate food”, especially in the subcategory “employment and income”; constant predominance of the category “structuring sustainable food production and supply systems” with a progressive increase in the subcategory “incentive to agroecology-based production”; and increased demands for “prioritization of traditional peoples and communities”. The timeline suggests different contributions of the Conferences to the evolution of the debate on food security in Brazil. However, the insertion of social actors in the process of formulating the Brazilian National Food and Nutritional Security Policy did not guarantee the incorporation of the problems into the public agenda, which should be re-established and deepened in the decision-making processes. The findings attest to the importance of social participation for the theoretical and political qualification of food security in Brazil.

Abstract Background: The association of scaffolds to repair extensive bone defects can contribute to their evolution and morphophysiological recomposition. The incorporation of particulate biomaterials into three-dimensional fibrin bioproducts together with photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) has potential and can improve regenerative medicine procedures. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of PBM therapy on critical size defects filled with xenogenic bone substitute associated with fibrin biopolymer. Methods: A critical defect of 8 mm was performed in 36 Wistar male adult rats that were divided into four groups. Groups BC and BC-PBM were defined as controls with defects filled by a clot (without or with PBM, respectively) and groups XS and XS-PBM that comprised those filled with biocomplex Bio-OssTM in association with fibrin biopolymer. PBM was applied immediately after the surgery and three times a week every other day, with the parameters: wavelength of 830 nm, energy density 6.2 J/cm2, output power 30 mW, beam area of 0.116 cm2, irradiance 0.258,62 W/cm2, energy/point 0.72 J, total energy 2.88 J. Fourteen and 42 days after the surgery, animals were euthanatized and subjected to microtomography, qualitative and quantitative histological analysis. Results: The BC-PBM and XS-PBM groups had a similar evolution in the tissue repair process, with a higher density of the volume of new formed bone in relation to the groups without PBM (p = 0.04086; p = 0.07093, respectively). Intense vascular proliferation and bone deposition around the biomaterial particles were observed in the animals of the groups in which biocomplex was applied (XS and XS-PBM). Conclusion: PBM therapy allowed an improvement in the formation of new bone, with a more organized deposition of collagen fibers in the defect area. Biocomplex favored the insertion and permanence of the particulate material in bone defects, creating a favorable microenvironment for accelerate repair process.

Abstract Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) has been shown to be a neurological manifestation of COVID-19. The current study presents two cases of PFP after COVID-19, along with a rapid review of known cases in the literature. Both case reports were conducted following CARE guidelines. We also performed a systematic review of PFP cases temporally related to COVID-19 using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases on August 30, 2021, using a rapid review methodology. The two patients experienced PFP 102 and 110 days after COVID-19 symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in nasal samples through reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) testing. Anosmia was the only other neurological manifestation. PFP was treated with steroids in both cases, with complete subsequent recovery. In the rapid review, we identified 764 articles and included 43 studies. From those, 128 patients with PFP were analyzed, of whom 42.1% (54/128) were male, 39.06% (50/128) female, and in 23 cases the gender was not reported. The age range was 18 to 59 (54.68%). The median time between COVID-19 and PFP was three days (ranging from the first symptom of COVID-19 to 40 days after the acute phase of infection). Late PFP associated with COVID-19 presents mild symptoms and improves with time, with no identified predictors. Late PFP should be added to the spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection as a post COVID-19 condition.

Abstract Fibrin biopolymers, previously referred as “fibrin glue” or “fibrin sealants”, are natural biomaterials with diverse applications on health. They have hemostatic, adhesive, sealant, scaffold and drug delivery properties and have become widely used in medical and dental procedures. Historically, these biomaterials are produced from human fibrinogen and human or animal thrombin, and the possibility of transmission of infectious diseases by human blood is not ruled out. In the 1990s, to overcome this problem, a new heterologous biomaterial composed of a thrombin-like enzyme purified from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom and a cryoprecipitate rich in fibrinogen extracted from buffaloes Bubalus bubalis blood has been proposed. Therefore, a systematic review of studies on exclusively heterologous fibrin sealants published between 1989 and 2018 was carried out using the following databases: PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar. The keyword used was “heterologous fibrin sealant”. The search resulted in 35 scientific papers in PubMed, four in SciELO and 674 in Google Scholar. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria and complete reading of the articles, 30 studies were selected, which formed the basis of this systematic review. It has been observed that the only completely heterologous sealant is the one produced by CEVAP/UNESP. This heterologous biopolymer is proven effective by several studies published in refereed scientific journals. In addition, clinical trials phase I/II for the treatment of chronic venous ulcers authorized by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) were completed. Preliminary results have indicated a safe and promising effective product. Phase III clinical trials will be proposed and required to validate these preliminary findings.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a expansão do número de nutricionistas e aspectos do mercado de trabalho do profissional na última década Métodos Ensaio crítico realizado com base em revisão da literatura e em dados oficiais fornecidos pelos Conselhos e outras entidades da profissão. Resultados Houve um aumento médio de 8.248 nutricionistas por ano, no período de 2010 a 2017, com manutenção do maior contingente de profissionais na região Sudeste. Em 2017 existiam 126.539 nutricionistas registrados nos dez conselhos regionais do país, praticamente o dobro de 2009 (60.554 nutricionistas). Apesar da ausência de pesquisa nacional sobre o perfil do nutricionista desde 2006, estudos regionais ou locais mostraram que mais da metade dos profissionais buscou a continuidade da formação. Em 2018 o Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas atualizou as áreas de atuação com detalhamento em subáreas, segmentos e subsegmentos. Equipamentos públicos de segurança alimentar, atenção básica e nutrição esportiva são exemplos dos novos campos de atuação. No período de análise houve aumento de 58,9% do piso salarial, no entanto, ainda abaixo da média nacional e de outras profissões da saúde, e com maior jornada de trabalho. Atualmente o piso salarial nacional do nutricionista é de R$2.558,05. Conclusão Além do aumento no número de profissionais, houve ajustes na legislação trabalhista específica, bem como reposicionamento geográfico, diversificação e ampliação do mercado de trabalho. É necessário avançar na atuação, principalmente no que tange ao entendimento mais ampliado e holístico da profissão.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the increase in the number of nutritionists and the aspects of the job market in the last decade. Methods Critical test based on literature review and official data provided by nutrition councils and other entities. Results There was an average yearly increase of 8,248 nutritionists in the period from 2010 to 2017, having the largest contingent of professionals concentrated in the Brazilian Southeast region. In 2017 there were 126,539 nutritionists registered in the country’s ten regional councils, practically twice as much as in 2009 (60,554 nutritionists). Even though the last nationwide research on the profile of nutritionists was performed in 2006, the production of local studies showed that more than half of the professionals voluntarily continued their education after graduating. In 2018 the Federal Council of Nutritionists updated the areas of work with details divided in subareas, segments and subsegments. Public spaces for food security, primary health care and sports nutrition are examples of new fields for the nutritionist. In the period of analysis there was an increase of 58.9% of the wage floor, however, still below the national average and other health professionals, and with longer working hours. The current wage floor for nutritionists is R$2,558.05. Conclusion In addition to the increase in the number of professionals, there were adjustments in specific labor legislation, as well as geographical repositioning, diversification and expansion of the job market. It is necessary to move ahead, mainly in what concerns a more extended and holistic understanding of the profession.

A crescente complexidade dos desafios do setor da saúde implica um aumento das responsabilidades para aqueles que nela assumem funções de gestão. Há consenso que a qualidade da força de trabalho em saúde é um fator crítico para o sucesso de qualquer reforma no setor. O objetivo desta investigação é estudar e analisar a alteração induzida por uma intervenção de formação-ação intensiva na cultura organizacional de 73 diretores executivos dos Agrupamentos dos Centros de Saúde (ACES) em Portugal durante a reforma na atenção primária à saúde. Os dados foram coletados e analisados em dois períodos temporais, antes e depois da intervenção do Programa Avançado em Gestão, Governação Clínica e Liderança para os ACES, o qual teve um ano de duração. O modelo Competing Values Framework permitiu observar que, depois da intervenção de formação-ação, as percepções dos diretores executivos sobre a sua cultura organizacional se encontram mais alinhadas com a reforma da atenção primária à saúde, valorizando o tipo de práticas e valores que esta defende. É necessário continuar a monitorizar os resultados em vários períodos temporais para elaborar conclusões a esse respeito.

The health sector’s increasing complexity poses major challenges for administrators. There is considerable consensus on workforce quality as a key determinant of success for any health reform. This study aimed to explore the changes introduced by an action-training intervention in the organizational culture of the 73 executive directors of Health Center Groups (ACES) in Portugal during the primary health care reform. The study covers two periods, before and after the one-year ACES training, during which the data were collected and analyzed. The Competing Values Framework allowed observing that after the ACES action-training intervention, the perceptions of the executive directors regarding their organizational culture were more aligned with the practices and values defended by the primary health care reform. The study highlights the need to continue monitoring results over different time periods to elaborate further conclusions.

La creciente complejidad de los desafíos del sector de la salud implica un aumento de las responsabilidades para quienes asumen funciones de gestión. Existe consenso en que la calidad de la fuerza de trabajo en la salud es un factor crítico para el éxito de cualquier reforma en la salud. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar y analizar las alteraciones introducidas por una intervención de formación-acción intensiva en la cultura organizacional de 74 directores ejecutivos de los Agrupamientos de Centros de Salud (ACES) en Portugal, durante la reforma de la atención primaria de la salud. Fueron recogidos y analizados datos en dos periodos temporales, antes y después de la intervención de Programa Avanzado en Gestión, Gobernanza Clínica y Liderazgo para los ACES, que tuvo la duración de un año. El modelo Competing Values Framework permitió observar que, después de la intervención de formación-acción, las percepciones de los directores ejecutivos sobre su cultura organizacional se encuentran más alineadas con la reforma de la atención primaria de la salud, valorizando el tipo de prácticas y valores que esta defiende. Es necesario continuar supervisando los resultados en varios períodos.

A crescente complexidade dos desafios do setor da saúde implica um aumento das responsabilidades para aqueles que nela assumem funções de gestão. Há consenso que a qualidade da força de trabalho em saúde é um fator crítico para o sucesso de qualquer reforma no setor. O objetivo desta investigação é estudar e analisar a alteração induzida por uma intervenção de formação-ação intensiva na cultura organizacional de 73 diretores executivos dos Agrupamentos dos Centros de Saúde (ACES) em Portugal durante a reforma na atenção primária à saúde. Os dados foram coletados e analisados em dois períodos temporais, antes e depois da intervenção do Programa Avançado em Gestão, Governação Clínica e Liderança para os ACES, o qual teve um ano de duração. O modelo Competing Values Framework permitiu observar que, depois da intervenção de formação-ação, as percepções dos diretores executivos sobre a sua cultura organizacional se encontram mais alinhadas com a reforma da atenção primária à saúde, valorizando o tipo de práticas e valores que esta defende. É necessário continuar a monitorizar os resultados em vários períodos temporais para elaborar conclusões a esse respeito.

The health sector’s increasing complexity poses major challenges for administrators. There is considerable consensus on workforce quality as a key determinant of success for any health reform. This study aimed to explore the changes introduced by an action-training intervention in the organizational culture of the 73 executive directors of Health Center Groups (ACES) in Portugal during the primary health care reform. The study covers two periods, before and after the one-year ACES training, during which the data were collected and analyzed. The Competing Values Framework allowed observing that after the ACES action-training intervention, the perceptions of the executive directors regarding their organizational culture were more aligned with the practices and values defended by the primary health care reform. The study highlights the need to continue monitoring results over different time periods to elaborate further conclusions.

La creciente complejidad de los desafíos del sector de la salud implica un aumento de las responsabilidades para quienes asumen funciones de gestión. Existe consenso en que la calidad de la fuerza de trabajo en la salud es un factor crítico para el éxito de cualquier reforma en la salud. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar y analizar las alteraciones introducidas por una intervención de formación-acción intensiva en la cultura organizacional de 74 directores ejecutivos de los Agrupamientos de Centros de Salud (ACES) en Portugal, durante la reforma de la atención primaria de la salud. Fueron recogidos y analizados datos en dos periodos temporales, antes y después de la intervención de Programa Avanzado en Gestión, Gobernanza Clínica y Liderazgo para los ACES, que tuvo la duración de un año. El modelo Competing Values Framework permitió observar que, después de la intervención de formación-acción, las percepciones de los directores ejecutivos sobre su cultura organizacional se encuentran más alineadas con la reforma de la atención primaria de la salud, valorizando el tipo de prácticas y valores que esta defiende. Es necesario continuar supervisando los resultados en varios períodos.