Resumo Mudanças nos padrões de acumulação de nutrientes minerais em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento do fruto refletem as exigências de plantas cítricas para diferentes nutrientes, e essa informação fornece uma referência essencial para a fertilização racional. Neste estudo, mudanças no conteúdo de 11 nutrientes no fruto inteiro, na polpa e na casca foram estudadas durante todo o período de desenvolvimento do fruto de laranjas-baía das cultivares “Seike” e “Newhall”. Descobriu-se que as duas cultivares mostraram mudanças muito semelhantes em relação aos nutrientes. Especificamente, os teores de N, P, Mg, S, Mn e Zn foram elevados no estágio de frutos jovens (abril), os teores de K e Fe foram elevados no estágio de expansão de frutos (julho e agosto) e o conteúdo de Ca foi elevado no estágio de maturação de frutos (outubro). À medida que os frutos se desenvolveram, os teores de N, P, Mg, S, Zn e B atingiram os menores teores no estágio de maturação dos frutos em novembro. Além disso, os teores de N, P, K, Fe, Zn e Cu foram classificados de forma decrescente como: polpa > fruto inteiro > casca, enquanto os teores de Ca, Mn e B foram classificados como: casca > fruto inteiro> polpa. N, P, K e Mg acumularam -se na fruta, em junho e julho, em contraste com o período de junho a setembro. Durante esses períodos de acumulação, recomenda-se que fertilizantes adequados sejam aplicados em tempo oportuno.

Abstract Changes in the accumulation patterns of mineral nutrients at different development stages of fruit reflect the requirements of citrus trees for different nutrients, and this information provides an essential reference for rational fertilization. In this study, changes in the contents of 11 nutrients in the whole fruit, fruit pulp, and peel were studied during the whole developmental period of the fruit of ‘Seike’ and ‘Newhall’ navel oranges. We found that the two navel orange cultivars showed very similar changes in nutrients. Specifically, the N, P, Mg, S, Mn, and Zn contents were high in the young fruit stage (April), the K and Fe contents were high in the fruit expansion stage (July and August), and the Ca content was high in the fruit maturation stage (October). As the fruit developed, the N, P, Mg, S, Zn, and B contents decreased to the lowest levels at fruit maturity in November. In addition, the contents of N, P, K, Fe, Zn, and Cu were ranked as fruit pulp > whole fruit > peel, while Ca, Mn, and B contents were ranked as fruit peel > whole fruit > fruit pulp. N, P, K, and Mg accumulated in the fruit in June and July, in contrast to the June to September period for the micro-elements. During these accumulation periods, it is recommended that suitable fertilizers be applied in a timely manner.

In low-carbon energy-efficient basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking processes, limestone partly or completely replaces the active lime. The effects of limestone calcination temperature (1200-1500°C) and time (5-15 minutes) on lime reactivity and CaO grain size were investigated. The reactivity was evaluated by titration with hydrochloric acid, and the CaO grain size was analysed using scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that for calcination temperatures higher than 1300°C, the reactivity reached a maximum and then decreased . The higher the temperature, the earlier the peak of reactivity appears. The CaO grains grow with increasing temperature and time, which leads to the decrease of reactivity. Notably, the effects of temperature on CaO grain size and reactivity are more marked than that of time. To obtain active lime calcined at ultra-high temperature by flash heating, the calcination conditions should be 1300-1400°C for 10-15 minutes, or 1400-1500°C for 8-10 minutes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the susceptibility of the hOGG1 genetic polymorphism for bladder cancer and evaluate the impact of smoking exposure. Materials and Methods: Articles included in PubMed, Medline and Springer databases were retrieved using the following key words: “human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase”, “OGG”, “OGG1”, “hOGG1”, “genetic variation”, “polymorphism” , “bladder cancer”, and “bladder carcinoma” to Meta-analysis was performed to detect whether there were differences between the bladder cancer group and the control group about the distribution of genotypes of the hOGG1 gene. Results: The results showed that there are no significant associations between the hOGG1 326Cys polymorphism and bladder cancer: GG vs. CC (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.85–1.40, p=0.480); GC vs. CC (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.85–1.28, p=0.662); GG+GC vs. CC (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.89–1.21, p=0.619); GG vs. GC+CC(OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.78–1.33, p=0.888); G vs. C (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.91–1.13, p=0.818). In the smoker population, no significant associations between the hOGG1 326Cys polymorphism and bladder cancer were observed for all the models. However, individuals carrying the hOGG1 Cys326Cys genotype have increased risk for bladder cancer compared to those carrying the hOGG1 Ser326Ser genotype in the non-smoker Asian population. Conclusion: The hOGG1 326Cys polymorphisms aren't a risk factor for bladder cancer, especially in the smoker population. But GG genotype is a risk factor for bladder cancer to the non-smoker Asian population compared with CC genotype.

The Ordovician carbonatites of the Maigaiti slope have formed the conditions for the development of large oil and gas fields with karst reservoirs. This study systematically analyzed the isotopic characteristics of carbon, oxygen, and strontium and enrichment trace elements regularity to examine the geochemical features of the paleo-karstification products, various periods of paleo-karstification, and paleoenvironmental conditions of the Ordovician. Affected by terrigenous clasts, the Lianglitage Formation is composed of limestone with a relatively high 87Sr/86Sr value and a frequently fluctuating sea level, which exhibits an overall increasing-to-decreasing trend variation. Of all samples affected by the atmospheric freshwater leaching effect, δ18O values were negative, and δ13C values varied greatly toward both ends. The fissure/cave infills were rich in Fe and Mn but poor in Sr, and the Sr/Ba value was considerably less than 1, which confirms the existence of ancient weathered crust and the development of an atmospheric freshwater karst environment. Four different paleo-karstification periods were identified according to the carbon and oxygen isotopic characteristics of calcite. Combined with the trace element characteristics of the infills, the paleo-karstification in the Yingshan Formation was subdivided based on three hydrological environment conditions. Erosion modification of buried acid compaction-released water from late-period corrosion pores, caves, and fissures formed by syndiagenetic paleo-karstification and weathered crust bare paleo-karstification due to atmospheric freshwater leaching can significantly improve the reserving and permeability characteristics of the karst reservoir to develop a large paleokarst reservoir.

Single crystalline Ca2Ge7O16 nanowires have been synthesized using CaO and GeO2 as the raw materials. Various factors that affect the formation and size of the Ca2Ge7O16 nanowires have been analyzed. The obtained products are characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the calcium germanate nanowires are composed of orthorhombic Ca2Ge7O16 phase with the length and diameter of several dozens of micrometers and about 50 nm, respectively. Hydrothermal temperature plays an important role on the formation and growth of the Ca2Ge7O16 nanowires. The formation process of the Ca2Ge7O16 nanowires is initially interpreted according to the shape evolution of the products obtained from different growth conditions.

To explore how cytohesin-1 (CYTH-1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) influences the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR)-associated signal transduction in prostate cancer, we transfected human prostate cancer PC-3 cell lines with liposome-encapsulatedCYTH-1 siRNA in serum-free medium and exposed the cells to 100 nM IGF-1. The mRNA and protein levels of the signal molecules involved in the IGFR signaling pathways were determined by real-time PCR and detected by Western blotting. The relative mRNA levels of CYTH-1, c-Myc, cyclinD1 and IGF-1R (CYTH-1 siRNA group vs scrambled siRNA group) were 0.26 vs 0.97, 0.34 vs 1.06, 0.10 vs 0.95, and 0.27 vs 0.41 (P < 0.05 for all), respectively. The relative protein levels of CYTH-1, pIGF-1R, pIRS1, pAkt1, pErk1, c-Myc, and cyclinD1 (CYTH-1 siRNA group vsscrambled siRNA group) were 0.10 vs 1.00 (30 min), 0.10 vs 0.98 (30 min), 0.04 vs 0.50 (30 min), 0.10 vs 1.00 (30 min), 0.10 vs 1.00 (30 min), 0.13 vs 0.85 (5 h), and 0.08 vs 0.80 (7 h), respectively. The tyrosine kinase activity of IGF-1R was associated with CYTH-1. The proliferative activity of PC-3 cells transfected with CYTH-1 siRNA was significantly lower than that of cells transfected with scrambled siRNA at 48 h (40.5 vs87.6%, P < 0.05) and at 72 h (34.5 vs 93.5%, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the interference of siRNA with cytohesin-1 leads to reduced IGFR signaling in prostate cancer; therefore, CYTH-1 might serve as a new molecular target for the treatment of prostate cancer.