Abstract Introduction: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and its dose is closely related to aging. Telomere length (TL) is a unique heritable trait, and emerging as a biomarker of aging, health and disease. Telomerase RNA component (TERC) plays an important role in maintaining TL. We proposed a hypothesis that propofol dose in general anesthesia can be predicted by measuring TL before operation, which greatly reduced the risk of anesthesia, especially the elderly. Methods: The association between the propofol dose in anesthesia induction and: TL in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes; body weight; sex; difference of the Bispectral Index (BIS) before and after anesthesia induction in patients was evaluated by multivariable linear regression analyses. The mutation at the 5’end or 3’end of TERC was detected. We recruited 100 patients of elective surgery. Results: We found that propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated significantly with TL (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p= 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p = 0.004), and difference of BIS before and after anesthesia induction (r = 0.85, p = 0.029). By comparing the absolute values of standardized regression coefficients (0.58, 0.21, 0.19, and 0.12) of the four variables, it can be seen that TL contributes the most to the propofol dose in anesthesia induction. However, the mutation at the 5’ end or 3’ end of TERC was not found. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that the propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated with genetically determined TL. TL may be a promising predictor of the propofol dose, which is beneficial to improve the safety of anesthesia and reduce perioperative complications.

Abstract Objective MicroRNA-29a-3p has been reported in a variety of cancers, but its role in hypopharyngeal cancer remains unclear. This study was to determine the role of microRNA-29a-3p in the occurrence and development of hypopharyngeal cancer. Methods 40 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from April 2013 to November 2017 were selected for this study. The cancer tissue samples of the patients were collected, and the patients were followed up for three years. The expression of microRNA-29a-3p in tissue samples was detected by in situ hybridization with fluorescent probe, and the relationships among microRNA-29a-3p and clinicopathological factors, postoperative recurrent-metastasis, survival time were studied. Immunohistochemical was used to detect the expression of Ki67 and E-cadherin in tissue samples. Results Combined with HE staining results showed that microRNA-29a-3p expression was relatively high in non-cancer tissue cells (red blood cells and fibroblasts in tumor interstitial vessels), but was relatively low in cancer tissue and cells. According to the follow-up data of 40 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer, tumor size, T-stage, tumor differentiation, postoperative recurrent-metastasis of hypopharyngeal cancer patients were significantly negatively correlated with microRNA-29a-3p (p< 0.05). Immunohistochemica results further confirmed that microRNA-29a-3p was negatively correlated with the expression of Ki67 and E-cadherin. The survival time of patients positively related with microRNA-29a-3p expression (p< 0.05). Moreover, ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the combined detection of miRNA-29a-3p+Ki67+E-cadherin was larger than that of the single detection of the three indexes. Conclusions The expression of microRNA-29a-3p is closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancer, and it affects the proliferation and invasion. This indicates that microRNA-29a-3p serves as a therapeutic target for the occurrence and development of hypopharyngeal cancer. The evidence of study designs of this study is IV using “Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence”.

ABSTRACT Objective: MCM3AP-AS1 has been characterized as an oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in several cancers including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), but its role in PTC has not been fully elucidated. Considering the critical role of lncRNAs in cancer biology, further functional analysis of MCM3AP-AS1 in PTC may provide novel insights into PTC management. Subjects and methods: Paired tumor and non-tumor tissues were collected from 63 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. Expression levels of MCM3AP-AS1 , miR-218 and GLUT1 in tissue samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cell transfection was performed to explore the interactions among MCM3AP-AS1 , miR-218 and GLUT1 . Cell proliferation assay was performed to evaluate the effects of MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-218 on cell proliferation. Results: MCM3AP-AS1 accumulated to high levels in PTC tissues and was affected by clinical stage. MCM3AP-AS1 showed a positive correlation with GLUT1 across PTC tissues. RNA interaction prediction showed that MCM3AP-AS1 could bind to miR-218 , which can directly target GLUT1 . MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-218 showed no regulatory role regulating the expression of each other, but overexpression of MCM3AP-AS1 upregulated GLUT1 and enhanced cell proliferation. In contrast, overexpression of miR-218 downregulated GLUT1 and attenuated cell proliferation. In addition, miR-218 suppressed the role of MCM3AP-AS1 in regulating the expression of GLUT1 and cell proliferation. Conclusions: MCM3AP-AS1 may serve as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-218 to upregulate GLUT1 in PTC, thereby promoting cell proliferation. The MCM3AP-AS1/miR-218/GLUT1 pathway characterized in the present study might serve as a potential target to treat PTC.

RESUMO Introdução Aumentar o nível de densidade mineral óssea dos atletas pode proporcionar melhores condições físicas básicas para jogadores de basquetebol, prevenir fraturas causadas pela osteopenia e reduzir a ocorrência de lesões esportivas graves. Objetivo Explorar o efeito do treinamento de alta intensidade na densidade mineral óssea de jogadores de basquetebol. Métodos Neste experimento, 30 indivíduos foram divididos em grupo masculino e feminino, o treinamento de exercícios de alta intensidade foi realizado por 60 minutos, três vezes por semana durante um total de 8 semanas. Os índices relevantes foram medidos antes e após o treinamento, seus dados foram classificados e analisados. Resultados O treinamento de alta intensidade pode melhorar significativamente a densidade mineral óssea dos jogadores de basquetebol, e o aumento da densidade mineral óssea das jogadoras de basquetebol feminino é ligeiramente menor do que o dos jogadores masculinos. Além disso, o aumento da densidade mineral óssea pode melhorar de forma abrangente a força muscular e a aptidão física dos atletas. Conclusão O treinamento de alta intensidade pode promover a melhoria da densidade mineral óssea e habilidades esportivas dos jogadores de basquetebol, necessitando de estudos promotores para sua popularização em Faculdades e Universidades. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Increasing the bone mineral density of athletes can provide better basic physical conditions for basketball players, prevent fractures caused by osteopenia and reduce the occurrence of serious sports injuries. Objective Explore the effect of high-intensity training on bone mineral density in basketball players. Methods In this experiment, 30 subjects were divided into male and female groups, and high-intensity exercise training was performed for 60 minutes, three times a week, for eight weeks. The relevant indices were measured before and after training, and their data were classified and analyzed. Results High-intensity training can significantly improve the bone mineral density of basketball players, and the increase of bone mineral density of female basketball players is slightly lower than that of male players. In addition, the increase in bone mineral density can comprehensively improve athletes’ muscular strength and physical fitness. Conclusion High-intensity training can improve basketball players’ bone mineral density and sports skills, requiring promoting studies for its popularization in colleges and universities. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción Aumentar el nivel de densidad mineral ósea de los deportistas puede proporcionar mejores condiciones físicas básicas a los jugadores de baloncesto, prevenir las fracturas causadas por la osteopenia y reducir la aparición de lesiones deportivas graves. Objetivo Explorar el efecto del entrenamiento de alta intensidad sobre la densidad mineral ósea en jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos En este experimento, 30 sujetos se dividieron en el grupo de hombres y mujeres, se realizó un entrenamiento de ejercicios de alta intensidad durante 60 minutos, tres veces por semana durante un total de 8 semanas. Se midieron los índices relevantes antes y después del entrenamiento, se clasificaron sus datos y se analizaron. Resultados El entrenamiento de alta intensidad puede mejorar significativamente la densidad mineral ósea de los jugadores de baloncesto, y el aumento de la densidad mineral ósea de las jugadoras de baloncesto es ligeramente inferior al de los jugadores. Además, el aumento de la densidad mineral ósea puede mejorar ampliamente la fuerza muscular y la forma física de los deportistas. Conclusión El entrenamiento de alta intensidad puede promover la mejora de la densidad mineral ósea y de las habilidades deportivas en los jugadores de baloncesto, siendo necesario promover estudios para su popularización en Colegios y Universidades. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Background Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) induces increased release of extracellular vesicles in the heart and exacerbates myocardial IR injury. We have previously shown that propofol attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR)-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and that microvesicles derived from propofol-treated HUVECs inhibit oxidative stress in endothelial cells. However, the role of microvesicles derived from propofol post-treated HUVECs ((HR + P)-EMVs) in IR-injured cardiomyocytes is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of (HR + P)-EMVs in cardiac IR injury compared to microvesicles derived from hypoxic/reoxygenated HUVECs (HR-EMVs) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods Hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) models of HUVECs and AC16 cells and a mouse cardiac IR model were established. Microvesicles from HR-injured HUVECs, DMSO post-treated HUVECs and propofol post-treated HUVECs were extracted by ultra-high speed centrifugation, respectively. The above EMVs were co-cultured with HR-injured AC16 cells or injected intracardially into IR mice. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to determine the levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Apoptosis related proteins were detected by Western blot. Echocardiography for cardiac function and Evans blue-TTC staining for myocardial infarct size. Expression of lncCCT4-2 in EMVs and AC16 cells was analysed by whole transcriptome sequencing of EMVs and RT-qPCR. The molecular mechanism of inhibition of myocardial injury by (HR + P)-EMVs was elucidated by lentiviral knockdown of lncCCT4-2, plasmid overexpression or knockdown of CCT4, and actinomycin D assay. Results In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that HR-EMVs exacerbated oxidative stress and apoptosis in IR-injured cardiomyocytes, leading to increased infarct size and worsened cardiac function. Notably, (HR + P)-EMVs induced significantly less oxidative stress and apoptosis in IR-injured cardiomyocytes compared to HR-EMVs. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing of EMVs and RT-qPCR showed that lncCCT4-2 was significantly upregulated in (HR + P)-EMVs and cardiomyocytes co-cultured with (HR + P)-EMVs. Reduction of lncCCT4-2 in (HR + P)-EMVs enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis in IR-injured cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic activity of lncCCT4-2 from (HR + P)-EMVs was achieved by increasing the stability of CCT4 mRNA and promoting the expression of CCT4 protein in cardiomyocytes. Conclusions Our study showed that (HR + P)-EMVs uptake by IR-injured cardiomyocytes upregulated lncCCT4-2 in cardiomyocytes and promoted CCT4 expression, thereby inhibiting HR-EMVs induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Highlights Microvesicles from hypoxic/reoxygenated HUVECs (HR-EMVs) exacerbated oxidative stress and apoptosis in IR-injured cardiomyocytes. Microvesicles from propofol post-treated HUVECs ((HR + P)-EMVs) induced diminished oxidative stress and apoptosis in IR-injured cardiomyocytes compared with microvesicles from hypoxic/reoxygenated HUVECs (HR-EMVs). lncCCT4-2 was significantly highly expressed in (HR + P)-EMVs and cardiomyocytes co-cultured with (HR + P)-EMVs, and reduction of lncCCT4-2 in (HR + P)-EMVs enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis in IR-injured cardiomyocytes. lncCCT4-2 inhibited HR-EMVs induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HR-injured AC16 cells by increasing the stability of CCT4 mRNA and promoting the expression of CCT4 protein in AC16 cells.

Abstract Studies have reported that >91.9% of non-syndromic tooth agenesis cases are caused by seven pathogenic genes. Objective To report novel heterozygous PAX9 variants in a Chinese family with non-syndromic oligodontia and summarize the reported genotype-phenotype relationship of PAX9 variants. Methodology We recruited 28 patients with non-syndromic oligodontia who were admitted to the Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University (China) from 2018 to 2021. Peripheral blood was collected from the probands and their core family members for whole-exome sequencing (WES) and variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the pathogenicity of the variants. SWISS-MODEL homology modeling was used to analyze the three-dimensional structural changes of variant proteins. We also analyzed the genotype-phenotype relationships of PAX9 variants. Results We identified novel compound heterozygous PAX9 variants (reference sequence NM_001372076.1) in a Chinese family with non-syndromic oligodontia: a new missense variant c.1010C>A (p.T337K) in exon 4 and a new frameshift variant c.330_331insGT (p.D113Afs*9) in exon 2, which was identified as the pathogenic variant in this family. This discovery expands the known variant spectrum of PAX9; then, we summarized the phenotypes of non-syndromic oligodontia with PAX9 variants. Conclusion We found that PAX9 variants commonly lead to loss of the second molars.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Contemporary table tennis teaching lacks attention to global abilities; some studies suggest that functional training can supply the demands of the high level of sport competition. Objective: Study the effect of functional training on teaching table tennis to college students. Methods: A controlled random selection was carried out (n=40), in which the experimental group (n=20) chose a functional training program. In contrast, the control group (n=20) participated in the teaching of traditional table tennis skills. The training frequency was one hour daily, three times a week, lasting six weeks. Table tennis-specific fitness was assessed before and after the experiment. Data were cataloged and statistically analyzed. Results: On the manual skills index, the experimental group's score increased from 63,194 to 79,683 points after the experiment, and the control group's score increased from 64,788 to 68,775 points after the experiment. In the regression index, the experimental group score increased from 63.645 to 78.614, and the control group score increased from 64.152 to 70.574. Conclusion: The functional training mode proposed in this paper can rapidly improve the competitive level of table tennis and improve the competitive performance of its practitioners. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enseñanza contemporánea en tenis de mesa carece de atención en habilidades globales, algunos estudios sugieren que el entrenamiento funcional puede suplir las demandas requeridas por el alto nivel de competición deportiva. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento funcional en la enseñanza del tenis de mesa en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Se realizó una selección aleatoria controlada (n=40), en la que el grupo experimental (n=20) eligió un programa de entrenamiento funcional, mientras que el grupo de control (n=20) participó en la enseñanza de las habilidades tradicionales del tenis de mesa. La frecuencia del entrenamiento fue de una hora diaria, tres veces por semana, con una duración de seis semanas. Se evaluó la forma física específica del tenis de mesa antes y después del experimento. Los datos se catalogaron y analizaron estadísticamente. Resultados: En el índice de habilidades manuales, la puntuación del grupo experimental aumentó de 63,194 a 79,683 puntos después del experimento, y la del grupo de control aumentó de 64,788 a 68,775 puntos después del experimento. En el índice de regresión, la puntuación del grupo experimental aumentó de 63,645 a 78,614, y la del grupo de control, de 64,152 a 70,574. Conclusión: El modo de entrenamiento funcional propuesto en este artículo puede mejorar rápidamente el nivel competitivo del tenis de mesa y mejorar el rendimiento competitivo de sus practicantes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O ensino contemporâneo no tênis de mesa carece de atenção em habilidades globais, alguns estudos sugerem que o treinamento funcional possa suprir as demandas requisitadas pelo alto nível de competição esportiva. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do treinamento funcional sobre o ensino do tênis de mesa nos estudantes universitários. Métodos: Foi realizada uma seleção randômica controlada (n=40), na qual o grupo experimental (n=20) escolheu um programa de treinamento funcional, enquanto o grupo de controle (n=20) participou do ensino das habilidades tradicionais do tênis de mesa. A frequência do treinamento foi de uma hora diária, três vezes por semana, com duração de seis semanas. A aptidão física específica do tênis de mesa foi avaliada antes e depois do experimento. Os dados foram catalogados e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: No índice de habilidades manuais, a pontuação do grupo experimental aumentou de 63.194 para 79.683 pontos após o experimento, e a pontuação do grupo de controle aumentou de 64.788 para 68.775 pontos após o experimento. No índice de retrocesso, a pontuação do grupo experimental aumentou de 63.645 para 78.614, e a pontuação do grupo de controle aumentou de 64.152 para 70.574. Conclusão: O modo de treinamento funcional proposto neste artigo pode melhorar rapidamente o nível competitivo do tênis de mesa e melhorar o desempenho competitivo de seus praticantes. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Herein, we examined the protective effect of metoprolol combined with atractylenolide I (Atr I) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by regulating the SIRT3 (silent information regulator 3)/β-catenin/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling pathway. Briefly, 50 rats were randomly divided into the sham operation, model, metoprolol, Atr I, and combination metoprolol with Atr I groups (combined treatment group). The AMI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. After treatment, infarct size, histopathological changes, and cell apoptosis were examined using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the TUNEL assay. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were detected by echocardiography. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Furthermore, we measured lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme (CK-MB), and CK levels. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of SIRT3, β-catenin, and PPAR-γ. Herein, the combined treatment group exhibited increased levels of LVEF, LVFS, and NO, whereas LVMI, ET-1, TNF-α, IL-6, LDH, CK-MB, and CK levels were decreased. Importantly, the underlying mechanism may afford protection against AMI by increasing the expression levels of SIRT3, β-catenin, and PPAR-γ.

The mutations of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) play an important role in inherited breast cancers. Thus, the sensitive assay of the BRCA1 gene is extremely important for disease diagnosis and human health. Herein, a fast, sensitive and selective assay technique has been constructed based on fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs). The CuNCs were successfully formed with poly(AT-TA) double stranded DNA (dsDNA) as template. In the absence of the target, a strong red emission was observed under 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) lamp and a big fluorescence response was obtained. However, in the presence of BRCA1 gene, there was only weak red emission and a low response signal was produced because of the target-proximity induced quenching of the fluorescence of CuNCs. The linear range for the BRCA1 gene assay was 2-600 nM, and the limit of detection was 2 nM. The assay technique showed good selectivity, good stability and satisfactory recoveries for the detection of BRCA1 gene in diluted serum samples. Moreover, by integrating a UV lamp and a smartphone, the fluorescence sensor would be transferred to a microfluidic chip, providing a prospective application in point-of-care for monitoring breast cancer risk.

Abstract In this study, systematic pharmacological methods were used to reveal the potential pharmacological targets of baweixiaoyaosan in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). We identified 133 potential active compounds through data mining and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion evaluation systems. Then, the target of potential active compounds is predicted by a system model based on random forest and support vector machine methods. Next, construct herbal ingredient-target networks and target-disease networks for further analysis of multi-directional treatment methods. At the same time, we also performed gene ontology enrichment analysis, tissue location analysis, and pathway analysis on 76 potential targets. Finally, we conducted the Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi compatibility analysis of the formula and scientifically explained the different functions of different herbs in the formula. In short, we found that the formula mainly exerts the effect of treating MDD through the four functional modules of inflammation inhibition, neuroprotection, monoamine neurotransmitter and liver. This research not only explores the mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment of MDD from a multi-scale perspective, but also provides a reference for future research on BWXYS. It plays a role in promoting the widespread use of BWXYS.

Abstract Objective At present, bleomycin has been widely used in the treatment of Lymphatic Malformations (LMs). This study aims to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness and influencing factors of bleomycin in the treatment of LMs. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between bleomycin and LMs. PubMed, ISI Web of Science and MEDLINE were searched. Results A total of 21 studies (including 428 cases) about bleomycin sclerotherapy for LMs were included in the current meta-analyses. We calculated pooled effective rate and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) using random effects model to evaluate the relations between bleomycin and LMs. The results suggested that the effective rate of bleomycin was the combined effective rate was 84.0% (95% CI 0.81‒0.87) and ranged from 39% (95% CI 0.22‒0.56) to 94% (95% CI 0.87-1.02). The heterogeneity among the studies was substantial (I2 = 61.7%, p = 0.000). In subgroup analyses, it was observed that among retrospective study and prospective study, the estimated effective rate was 80.0% (95% CI 0.76‒0.84) and 91.0% (95% CI 0.85‒0.97), respectively. In terms of the dosage, the combined effective rates of weight-based group and fixed-dose group were 86% (95% CI 0.83‒0.90) and 74.0% (95% CI 0.66‒0.82), respectively. There was no significant publication bias in Egger's test (p = 0.059, 95% CI −3.81 to 0.082), but Begg's test did (p = 0.023), and the funnel plot is asymmetric. Conclusion Our study suggested that bleomycin was safe and effective in the treatment of LMs and was primarily dose dependent.

Abstract Compound Danshen Dripping Pills (CDDPs) have been used in clinical treatment to protect the heart from ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury for many years. However, the underlying mechanism implicated in the protective effects remains to be explored. Here, we determined the effects of CDDPs in Sprague-Dawley rats with the IR model. Cardiac function in vivo was assessed by echocardiography. Transmission electron microscopy, histological and immunohistochemical techniques, Western blotting and recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 transfection were used to illustrate the effects of CDDPs on IR and autophagy. Our results showed that pretreatment with CDDPs decreased the level of serum myocardial enzymes and infarct size in rats after IR. Apoptosis evaluation showed that CDDPs significantly ameliorated the cardiac apoptosis level after IR. Meanwhile, CDDPs pretreatment increased myocardial autophagic flux, with upregulation of LC3B, downregulation of p62, and increased autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Moreover, the autophagic flux inhibitor chloroquine could increase IR injury, while CDDPs could partially reverse the effects. Furthermore, our results showed that the activation of AMPK/mTOR was involved in the cardioprotective effect exerted by CDDPs. Herein, we suggest that CDDPs partially protect the heart from IR injury by enhancing autophagic flux through the activation of AMPK/mTOR.

Regular exercise reduces the risk of malignancy and decreases the recurrence of cancer. However, the mechanisms behind this protection remain to be elucidated. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system, which play essential roles in immune defense and effectively prevent cancer metastasis. Physical exercise can increase the activity of NK cells. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is the best-studied cytokine activator of NK cells, and it was shown to have many positive functional effects on NK cells to improve antitumor responses. The aim of this study was to clarify the possible important mechanisms behind endurance exercise-induced changes in NK cell function, which may be highly correlated with IL-15. An animal model was used to study IL-15 expression level, tumor volume, cancer cell apoptosis, and NK cell infiltration after treadmill exercise. Although IL-15 was highly expressed in skeletal muscle, treadmill exercise further elevated IL-15 levels in plasma and muscle (P<0.05). In addition, tumor weight and volume of tumor-bearing mice were decreased (P<0.05), and liver tumor cell apoptosis was increased after 12 weeks of treadmill exercise (P<0.05). NK cell infiltration was upregulated in tumors from treadmill exercise mice, and the level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-15 were higher than in sedentary mice (P<0.05). The study indicated that regular endurance training can reduce cancer risk, which was related to increased IL-15 expression, activation of the immune killing effect of NK cells, and promotion of tumor cell apoptosis, which can ultimately control tumor growth.

Abstract The power of computed tomography (CT) radiomics for preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) demonstrated in current research is variable. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the value of CT radiomics for MVI prediction in HCC, and to investigate the methodologic quality in the workflow of radiomics research. Databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched. The methodologic quality of included studies was assessed. Validation data from studies with Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement type 2a or above were extracted for meta-analysis. Eleven studies were included, among which nine were eligible for meta-analysis. Radiomics quality scores of the enrolled eleven studies varied from 6 to 17, accounting for 16.7%-47.2% of the total points, with an average score of 14. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and Area Under the summary receiver operator Characteristic Curve (AUC) were 0.82 (95% CI 0.77-0.86), 0.79 (95% CI 0.75-0.83), and 0.87 (95% CI 0.84-0.91) for the predictive performance of CT radiomics, respectively. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses showed radiomics model based on 3D tumor segmentation, and deep learning model achieved superior performances compared to 2D segmentation and non-deep learning model, respectively (AUC: 0.93 vs. 0.83, and 0.97 vs. 0.83, respectively). This study proves that CT radiomics could predict MVI in HCC. The heterogeneity of the included studies precludes a definition of the role of CT radiomics in predicting MVI, but methodology warrants uniformization in the radiology community regarding radiomics in HCC.