Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze masticatory characteristics in children from 7 to 10 years, and to compare these characteristics among normal weight, overweight and obese children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in northeast Brazil, with a sample of 160 children, aged 7 to 10 years. The authors evaluated: nutritional and dental status; food intake; masticatory parameters and orofacial myofunctional characteristics. The children were divided according to nutritional status into normal weight (n = 101), overweight (n = 33) and obesity (n = 26) groups. Results: The results showed that Obese children had a larger bite size (g) (median = 6.0, Q1-Q3 = 4.0-9.0, p = 0.049) and performed fewer masticatory sequences (median = 3.0, Q1-Q3 = 2.0-3.2, p = 0.024) than children with normal weight (median = 5.0, Q1-Q3 = 4.0-7.0; median = 4.0, Q1-Q3 = 3.0-5.0). Furthermore, obese children finished feeding in a shorter time (s) (median = 62.5, Q1-Q3 = 50.5-70.0, p = 0.039) than normal weight children (median = 66.0, Q1-Q3 = 56.5-78.0) and overweight children (median = 66.0, Q1-Q3 = 58.0-81.5). Conclusions: The present results suggest that obese children present changes in mastication, evidenced by larger bite-size, performing fewer masticatory sequences and rapid mastication, which may contribute to increased food consumption and the development of excess weight.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare antibiotic prescriptions for endodontic infections of last-year undergraduate Dentistry students and dental surgeons from Brazil. Material and Methods: A questionnaire comprised of 15 questions was applied, including a series of hypothetical clinical cases through multiple choice questions. The survey respondents had the option to respond in favor or against the prescription of antimicrobials in each case. Afterwards, the commented answer keys of all topics contained in the survey form were released for educational purpose. Results: A total of 42 undergraduates and 115 dental surgeons answered the survey. Regarding the questions about antimicrobial prescriptions, 91.3% of the professional dentists and 69.8% of the dentistry students indicated that they prescribe antibiotics for a limited number of patients. However, when they responded about drug recommendations, most professionals (76.5%) and students (76.7%) chose to recommend antimicrobials without any clinical recommendation. Conclusion: In the groups herein evaluated, many antibiotic prescriptions could have been avoided. The rational use of these drugs is still a conduct that needs further disclosure and commitment among prescribers.

Resumo Introdução Cimentos resinosos fotopolimerizáveis são materiais de eleição para a cimentação de facetas laminadas. Devem ser biocompatíveis oferencendo riscos mínimos ao uso clínico em pacientes. Objetivo O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a citotoxicidade de três cimentos resinosos: Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent), Allcem Veneer, (FGM) e Rely X Veneer (3M ESPE). Material e método Vinte e quatro corpos de prova de cada cimento foram confeccionados em matrizes metálicas padronizadas e inseridos em placa de cultura de células de noventa e seis poços contendo fibroblastos da linhagem 3T3. As células foram cultivadas em meio de cultivo celular RPMI 1640 com 5% de soro fetal bovino, com 0,1% de penicilina/estreptomicina em estufa a 37◦C, em atmosfera úmida com 5% de CO2. O grau de citotoxicidade de cada cimento foi avaliado após os tempos de contato de 24h, 48h e 72h através do método MTT (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2yl)-2,5- difenil brometo de tetrazolina), que avalia a viabilidade celular pela função mitocondrial. Após os tempos estabelecidos, as amostras foram removidas, tratadas e levadas ao espectofotômetro de microplaca para leitura da absorbância em 570nm. Resultado O cimento Variolink apresentou em 24h viabilidade de 72,24% (±6,80), em 48h de 83,92% (± 5,26) e de 92,77% (±5,59) em 72h. Allcem Veneer apresentou viabilidade de 70,46% (± 12,91) em 24h; 85,03% (± 21,4) em 48h e 70,46% (± 12,91) em 72h. O RelyX Veneer demonstrou viabilidade de 5,06% (± 0,88) em 24h; 5,84% (± 1,18) em 48h e 6,99% (± 1,34) em 72h. Conclusão Estes resultados demonstraram que o cimento Rely-X se apresentou significativamente mais citotóxico nas condições testadas.

Abstract Introduction Light-cured resin cements are the first choice for the cementation of laminate veneers. Ideally, they should be biocompatible and offer minimum risks to patients. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the cytotoxicity of three resin cements: Variolink II, Ivoclar Vivadent (C1), Allcem Veneer, FGM (C2), and Rely X Veneer, 3M ESPE (C3). Material and method Twenty four samples of each of the cements were fabricated in a standardized metal mold, light activated, and transferred to a 96-well cell plate with culture of fibroblasts. After 24, 48, and 72h of incubation, cytotoxicity was assessed and cell viability was calculated by the methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. Absorbance was measured at 570 nm using a microplate spectrophotometer. Result The following results were found: Variolink II presented viability of 72.24% (SD 6.80) after 24h, 83.92% (SD 5.26) after 48h, and 92.77% (SD 5.59) after 72h; Allcem Veneer exhibited viability of 70.46% (SD 12.91) after 24h, 85.03% (SD 21.4) after 48h, and 70.46% (SD 12.91) after 72h; Rely X Veneer showed viability of 5.06% (SD 0.88) after 24h, 5.84% (SD 1.18) after 48h, and 6.99% (SD 1.34) after 72h. Conclusion Under these testing conditions, Rely X Veneer presented significantly higher cytotoxicity compared with those of the other light-cured resin cements assessed.

Resumo Introdução O preparo cervical é uma etapa importante da instrumentação do sistema de canais, mas pode levar ao alargamento excessivo ou rasgo da raiz. Objetivo Avaliar, em tomografia computadorizada cone beam, da espessura remanescente de dentina cervical da raiz mesial de molares inferiores, após o preparo com diferentes técnicas: Gates-Glidden (ordem crescente); Gates-Glidden (ordem decrescente); LA Axxess e Easy Pro-Design. Material e método Foram selecionadas 40 raízes mesiais de molares inferiores, que foram escaneadas em tomógrafo cone beam antes e após o preparo. Das imagens tomográficas foram obtidos cinco cortes com intervalo de 1 mm a partir da furca e, então, mensurada a variação da espessura entre o canal radicular até a porção externa da raiz em software de análise. Resultado Avaliação dos diferentes níveis demonstraram ausência de significância dentro do mesmo grupo para o grupo das Gates-Glidden. Por outro lado, foi notada diferença para LA Axxess (p=0,002) e para Easy Pro-Design (p=0,005). Na avaliação entre os grupos, foi observada diferença em todos os níveis, sobretudo, para Gates-Glidden na ordem crescente (ANOVA e Tukey). Conclusão Considerando as limitações desse estudo, concluiu-se que o protocolo que apresentou maior desgaste da área de perigo cervical foi o da Gates-Glidden em ordem crescente, sendo que os demais grupos foram equivalentes (p>0,05).

Abstract Introduction Cervical preflaring is an important step of the canal system instrumentation, but can lead to excessive enlargement or root perforation. Objective Evaluate the remaining dentin thickness in the mandibular molars of mesial roots using cone beam computed tomography: Gates-Glidden (crown-down); Gates-Glidden (step-back); LA Axxess and Easy Pro-Design. Material and method Were selected 40 lower molars mesial roots, which were scanned in a cone beam CT scanner before and after preparation. Were obtained five sections of the CT images with an interval of 1 mm from the furcation, and measured the thickness variation between the root canal to the root external portion in analysis software. Result The evaluation of the different levels showed no significance within the same group for the Gates-Glidden group. On the other hand, were observed difference for LA Axxess (p=0.002) and Easy Pro-Design (p=0.005). In the intergroup analysis, were observed difference in all levels, especially for Gates-Glidden in the ascendant order (ANOVA and Tukey). Conclusion Within the limitations of these study, is possible to conclude that the protocol with greater wear in the cervical risk area was the Gates-Glidden in step-back sequence, as the other groups were equivalent (p>0.05).

Este estudo avaliou, in vitro, a citotoxicidade de 6 cimentos endodônticos após 12, 24 e 72 h de tempo de contato, utilizando-se uma linhagem de células endoteliais ECV-304. Para a avaliação da viabilidade celular, utilizou-se o teste de citotoxicidade MTT. Para cada cimento foram preparados 12 corpos de prova que foram distribuídos em 6 grupos experimentais de acordo com as marcas comerciais, sendo 4 para cada tempo. Foi criado um grupo controle que não foi submetido à ação de cimento. Para avaliação do efeito dos cimentos sobre as células endoteliais, os corpos de prova foram inseridos nos poços da placa cultura, incubados a 37°C em presença de 5% de CO2 e 100% de umidade. Os testes MTT foram realizados em quadruplicata, após 12, 24 e 72 h de contato das amostras com o tapete celular. Foi utilizada a prova two-way Anova com o teste post hoc de Bonferroni com nível de significância de 5%. Quando analisadas as médias gerais de absorbância dos grupos analisados observou-se que o cimento GuttaFlow se apresentou como o cimento com menor índice de citotoxicidade, apresentando média de absorbência de 0,048. Logo após, apresentando médias de absorbância iguais (0,038) encontraram-se os cimentos Pulp Canal Sealer e Sealer 26; seguidos do Densell Endo e do Pulp Fill, com 0,036 e 0,035, respectivamente. O grupo controle apresentou média de absorbância de 0,098. Portanto, tendo como base os resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que o cimento Endofill foi o que apresentou maior citotoxicidade e o cimento GuttaFlow, o menos citotóxico.

This study evaluated, in vitro, the cytotoxicity of six root canal sealers after 12, 24 and 72 h of contact time, using an endothelial ECV-304 cell line. The MTT assay was used for analysis of cell viability. Twelve specimens of each sealer were prepared and randomly assigned to 6 groups according to the commercial brands (n=4/time). A control group was also formed, which was not subjected to the contact with sealers. To assess the effects of sealers on endothelial cells, the specimens were placed in culture plate wells and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2 and 100% humidity. MTT assays were performed in quadruplicate after 12, 24 and 72 h of contact of the sealer specimens with monolayers. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test at a significance level of 5%. Analysis of absorbance in the experimental groups showed that GuttaFlow presented the lowest cytotoxicity, with a mean absorbance of 0.048, followed by Pulp Canal Sealer (0.038), Sealer 26 (0.038), Endo Densell (0.036) and Pulp Fill (0.035). The control group had a mean absorbance of 0.098. Based on the results, Endofill and GuttaFlow were the most and the least cytotoxic sealers, respectively.