Abstract Flos Sophorae (FS) is medicinal and edible, while fresh FS is highly perishable. Thus, this study investigated the effects of different drying methods (hot air drying, HAD; vacuum drying, VD; freeze drying, FD) after steaming on the bioactive components and sensory quality of FS. The results indicated steaming for 1 min maximally retained the contents of total flavonoids, rutin, and quercetin in thermal drying (HAD and VD), meanwhile, the freeze-dried FS without steaming also had higher total flavonoids and rutin contents. Moreover, FD samples had the highest protein content and organoleptic properties, with closer color parameters to fresh FS, followed by the VD group. Considering comprehensively all data with processing cost, the sample of VD after steaming for 1 min was chosen to measure the antioxidant activity, which showed that FS extract was superior to Vc in ABTS• and •OH scavenging rates, and its DPPH• scavenging rate was stronger than Vc in the low concentration. These results demonstrated that vacuum drying after steaming for 1 min was suitable postharvest processing for fresh FS, which was beneficial to maintaining higher flavonoids, rutin, and sensory characteristics of FS, and its flavonoid extract had better antioxidant activity than Vc.

RESUMEN La contaminación por neblina, caracterizada principalmente por la baja visibilidad, es uno de los principales problemas ambientales a los que se enfrenta China en la actualidad. El pronóstico exacto de la neblina es útil para la aplicación de medidas preventivas orientadas a controlar emisiones de contaminantes atmosféricos y aliviar la contaminación por neblina. Sin embargo, no es fácil predecir con precisión los acontecimientos de baja visibilidad causados por neblina, lo cual requiere no sólo un pronóstico riguroso de los factores meteorológicos, sino también una actualización detallada y en tiempo real de los inventarios de emisiones de las fuentes. Con el fin de obtener una herramienta de predicción fiable, se estudian varios métodos populares de aprendizaje automático, como la máquina vectorial de apoyo (SVM, por su sigla en inglés), el k-vecino más próximo, el bosque aleatorio y varios métodos de aprendizaje profundo. A partir de los principales factores que influyen en la visibilidad, se analizan las relaciones entre velocidad y dirección del viento, temperatura, humedad y visibilidad. El método de aprendizaje automático se utiliza para entrenamiento y pronóstico. La precisión de estos métodos para pronosticar la visibilidad se verifica mediante varios parámetros (error de raíz cuadrada media, error absoluto medio y error porcentual absoluto medio). Los resultados muestran que: 1) entre todos los parámetros meteorológicos, la velocidad del viento puede reflejar mejor la variación de la visibilidad; 2) el rendimiento de las redes neuronales recurrentes de memoria a largo-corto plazo (LSTM RNN) y el método de unidades recurrentes cerradas (GRU) en la predicción de visibilidad a corto plazo (es decir, 1, 3 y 6 h) es casi igual; 3) el método clásico de aprendizaje automático (SVM) funciona bien para el pronóstico de visibilidad a medio y largo plazo, y 4) el método de aprendizaje automático también tiene cierto grado de precisión en el pronóstico, incluso en un periodo de tiempo más largo (p. ej., 72 h).

ABSTRACT Haze pollution, mainly characterized by low visibility, is one of the main environmental problems currently faced by China. Accurate haze forecasts facilitate the implementation of preventive measures to control the emission of air pollutants and thereby mitigate haze pollution. However, it is not easy to accurately predict low visibility events induced by haze, which requires not only accurate prediction for weather elements, but also refined and real-time updated source emission inventory. In order to obtain reliable forecasting tools, this paper studies the usability of several popular machine learning methods, such as support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor, and random forest, as well as several deep learning methods, on visibility forecasting. Starting from the main factors related to visibility, the relationships between wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, and visibility are discussed. Training and forecasting were performed using the machine learning methods. The accuracy of these methods in visibility forecasting was confirmed through several parameters (i.e., root-mean-square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error). The results show that: (1) among all meteorological parameters, wind speed was the best at reflecting the visibility change patterns; (2) long short-term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM RNN), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) methods perform almost equally well on short-term visibility forecasts (i.e., 1, 3, and 6 h); (3) a classical machine learning method (i.e., the SVM) performs well in mid- and long-term visibility forecasts; (4) machine learning methods also have a certain degree of forecast accuracy even for long time periods (e.g., 7 2h).

ABSTRACT Purpose: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) leads to myocardial tissue necrosis, which will increase the size of myocardial infarction. The study examined the protective effect and mechanism of the Guanxin Danshen formula (GXDSF) on MIRI in rats. Methods: MIRI model was performed in rats; rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes were hypoxia-reoxygenated to establish a cell injury model. Results: The GXDSF significantly reduced myocardial ischemia area, reduced myocardial structural injury, decreased the levels of interleukin (IL-1β, IL-6) in serum, decreased the activity of myocardial enzymes, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione in rats with MIRI. The GXDSF can reduce the expression of nucleotide- binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3), IL-1β, caspase-1, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in myocardial tissue cells. Salvianolic acid B and notoginsenoside R1 protected H9C2 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia and reoxygenation injury and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6 in the cell supernatant, decreasing the NLRP3, IL-18, IL-1β, caspase-1, and GSDMD expression in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. GXDSF can reduce the myocardial infarction area and alleviate the damage to myocardial structure in rats with MIRI, which may be related to the regulation of the NLRP3. Conclusions: GXDSF reduces MIRI in rat myocardial infarction injury, improves structural damage in myocardial ischemia injury, and reduces myocardial tissue inflammation and oxidative stress by lowering inflammatory factors and controlling focal cell death signaling pathways.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Quality exercise training of young people is a fundamental basic requirement for developing physical fitness in college basketball teaching. Objective: Enhance exercise training in young basketball players. Methods: A random selection of 50 student volunteers was made for this research. The strength and quality of basketball players of different ages were analyzed. The experimental group was subjected to specific strength training, while the control group was subjected to routine physical exercises. The experiment period was 12 weeks, and the specific technical indicators of the athletes were collected before and after the end of the experiment. The collected data were statistically treated and discussed in light of the scientific literature. Results: No significant difference was found between the two groups in the initial test score (P>0.05). The experimental group’s performance in exercise was better than the control group after 12 weeks (P<0.01). The experimental group demonstrated better performance than the control group in the standing jump, 15-meter reentry, and forward jump, corroborating the significantly different data between the two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: This study aimed to study the unique role of strength training in the physical training of young basketball players. Special strength training positively affects upper limb muscle training in young basketball players. The lower extremities of basketball players showed expressive functional gains with special strength training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio físico de calidad de los jóvenes es un requisito básico fundamental para el desarrollo de la aptitud física en la enseñanza del baloncesto universitario. Objetivo: Reforzar el entrenamiento del ejercicio físico en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos: Se realizó una selección aleatoria de 50 estudiantes voluntarios para la investigación. Se analizó la fuerza y la calidad de los jugadores de baloncesto a diferentes edades. El grupo experimental fue sometido a un entrenamiento de fuerza específico, mientras que el grupo de control fue sometido a ejercicios físicos rutinarios. El periodo del experimento fue de 12 semanas y se recogieron los indicadores técnicos específicos de los atletas antes y después de finalizar el experimento. Los datos recogidos fueron tratados estadísticamente y discutidos a la luz de la literatura científica. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en la puntuación de la prueba inicial (P>0,05). El rendimiento del grupo experimental en el ejercicio fue mejor que el del grupo de control después de 12 semanas (P<0,01). El grupo experimental mostró un mejor rendimiento que el grupo de control en el salto de pie, el reingreso de 15 metros y el salto frontal, corroborando los datos significativamente diferentes entre los dos grupos (P<0,01). Conclusión: Este estudio tenía como objetivo estudiar el papel único del entrenamiento de la fuerza en la preparación física de los jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. El entrenamiento de fuerza especial afecta positivamente al entrenamiento muscular de las extremidades superiores en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Las extremidades inferiores de los jugadores de baloncesto mostraron ganancias funcionales expresivas con el entrenamiento de fuerza especial. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O exercício físico de qualidade dos jovens é requisito básico fundamental para o desenvolvimento da aptidão física no ensino do basquetebol universitário. Objetivo: Fortalecer o treinamento do exercício físico em jovens jogadores de basquetebol. Métodos: Efetuou-se a seleção aleatória de 50 estudantes voluntários para a pesquisa. Foi analisada a força e a qualidade dos jogadores de basquetebol em diferentes idades. O grupo experimental foi submetido a um treinamento de força específica, enquanto o grupo de controle foi submetido a exercícios físicos de rotina. O período do experimento foi de 12 semanas e os indicadores técnicos específicos dos atletas foram coletados antes e após a finalização do experimento. Os dados coletados foram tratados estatisticamente e discutidos à luz da literatura científica. Resultados: Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os dois grupos na pontuação inicial do teste (P>0,05). O desempenho do grupo experimental no exercício foi melhor que o do grupo de controle após as 12 semanas (P<0,01). O grupo experimental demonstrou um desempenho melhor que o do grupo controle no salto em pé, reentrada de 15 metros, e salto de frente, corroborando com os dados significativamente distintos entre os dois grupos (P<0,01). Conclusão: Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar o papel único do treinamento de força no treinamento físico dos jovens jogadores de basquetebol. O treinamento especial de força afeta positivamente o treinamento muscular dos membros superiores nos jovens jogadores de basquetebol. As extremidades inferiores dos jogadores de basquetebol evidenciaram ganhos funcionais expressivos com o treinamento especial de força. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract Objectives: Although miR-653-5p has been validated to participate in the progression of multiple types of cancer, the functional role of exosomal miR-653-5p derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Laryngeal Papilloma (LP) has still remained elusive. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of MSCs-derived exosomal miR-653-5p in LP. Methods: LP tissues (n = 15) and adjacent normal tissues (n = 10) were collected to examine the expression level of miR-653-5p. The expression level of miR-653-5p in LP cells and normal cells was also detected. Then, miR-653-5p was overexpressed or silenced to explore its effects on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of LP cells. Thereafter, the effects of exosomal miR-653-5p derived from MSCs on LP cell progression and the potential regulatory mechanism of miR-653-5p were assessed. Results: It was revealed that the expression level of miR-653-5p was downregulated in LP tissues and cells. In addition, miR-653-5p suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of LP cells. Exosomes derived from MSCs played a suppressive role in LP development and mediated the transmission of miR-653-5p to LP cells. Further exploration identified Basic leucine Zipper and W2 domains 2 (BZW2) as the target of miR-653-5p. More importantly, the rescue experiments revealed that MSCs-secreted exosomal miR-653-5p efficiently inhibited the aggressive phenotypes of LP cells, which could be significantly reversed by BZW2 overexpression in LP cells. Conclusion: MSCs-derived exosomal miR-653-5p exerted inhibitory effects on LP progression through targeting BZW2, which provided a novel idea for the therapy of LP. Clinical Trial registration number: chictr-ior-17011021.

ABSTRACT Introduction: One focus of current research by frontline physical education teachers has always been the elective teaching of college students who do not play sports. Lack of training time and poor student training make many professional badminton teaching methods impossible for elective courses. Objective: Study the impact of functional training on the badminton performance of college students. Methods: Forty-four sedentary college students were randomly selected and equally divided into the experimental and control group. The functional training strategy was used in the experimental group, while the control group used the traditional badminton training method. The experimental and control groups were trained twice weekly for 60 minutes and 12 weeks. The data obtained were compared, analyzed, and discussed statistically. Results: In terms of the FMS test, the total score of the experimental group was optimized by 5.61, and the total score of the control group was optimized by 3.20. Regarding badminton performance, the experimental group showed an increase of 23.12 points, while the control group increased 16.75 points (P<0.01), indicating a very significant difference in the results. Conclusion: This work evidenced the importance of promoting functional training, which is superior to the current sports teaching methods. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: Uno de los focos de la investigación actual de los profesores de educación física de primera línea ha sido siempre la enseñanza optativa de los estudiantes universitarios que no practican deportes. La falta de tiempo de entrenamiento y la escasa formación de los alumnos hacen que muchos métodos profesionales de enseñanza del bádminton resulten imposibles para los cursos optativos. Objetivo: Estudiar el impacto del entrenamiento funcional en el rendimiento en bádminton de estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 44 estudiantes universitarios sedentarios y se dividieron equitativamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control. En el grupo experimental se utilizó la estrategia de entrenamiento funcional, mientras que el grupo de control utilizó el método tradicional de entrenamiento de bádminton. Tanto el grupo experimental como el de control entrenaron dos veces por semana, durante 60 minutos y durante 12 semanas. Los datos obtenidos se comparan, analizan y discuten estadísticamente. Resultados: En términos de la prueba FMS, la puntuación total del grupo experimental se optimizó en 5,61, y la puntuación total del grupo de control se optimizó en 3,20. En cuanto al rendimiento en bádminton, el grupo experimental mostró un aumento de 23,12 puntos, mientras que el grupo de control aumentó 16,75 puntos (P<0,01), lo que indica que hubo una diferencia muy significativa en los resultados. Conclusión: Este trabajo evidenció la importancia de promover el entrenamiento funcional, comparativamente superior a los métodos de enseñanza deportiva practicados actualmente. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: Um dos focos das pesquisas atuais dos professores de educação física na linha de frente tem sido sempre o ensino eletivo de estudantes universitários que não praticam esportes. A falta de tempo de treinamento e a deficiente formação dos estudantes tornam muitos métodos profissionais de ensino de badminton impossíveis de serem realizados em cursos optativos. Objetivo: Estudar o impacto do treinamento funcional sobre o desempenho de badminton dos estudantes universitários. Métodos: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 44 universitários sedentários, divididos igualmente em grupo experimental e controle. No grupo experimental foi utilizada a estratégia de treinamento funcional, enquanto o grupo de controle usou o método tradicional de treinamento de badminton. Tanto o grupo experimental quanto o grupo controle treinaram duas vezes por semana, por 60 minutos e durante 12 semanas. Os dados obtidos comparados, analisados e discutidos estatisticamente. Resultados: Em termos de teste FMS, a pontuação total do grupo experimental foi otimizada em 5,61, e a pontuação total do grupo de controle foi otimizada em 3,20. Com relação ao desempenho do badminton, o grupo experimental apresentou um aumento de 23,12 pontos, enquanto que o grupo controle aumentou 16.75 pontos (P<0.01), indicando que houve uma diferença muito significativa dos resultados. Conclusão: Este trabalho evidenciou a importância da promoção do treinamento funcional, comparativamente superior aos métodos de ensino esportivo praticados atualmente. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Pilot trials have suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may reduce limb spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS). We carried out the current meta-analysis to synthesize currently available evidence regarding such correlation. Up to November 2022, five international electronic databases (Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL) and four Chinese electronic databases (CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP) were systematically searched to identify randomized trials comparing active rTMS and sham stimulation in patients with MS-related spasticity. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data on study design, quality, clinical outcomes, and time points measured. The primary outcome was clinical spasticity relief after intervention. Secondary outcomes included spasticity at the follow-up visit 2 weeks later and post-treatment fatigue. Of 831 titles found, we included 8 studies (181 participants) in the quantitative analysis. Pooled analyses showed that rTMS therapy was associated with significant spasticity relief in the early post-intervention period [standardized mean differences (SMD): -0.67; 95%CI: -1.12 to -0.21], but there was insufficient evidence for rTMS in reducing spasticity at the follow-up visit 2 weeks later (SMD: -0.17; 95%CI: -0.52 to 0.17) and fatigue (SMD: -0.26; 95%CI: -0.84 to 0.31). This evidence supports the recommendations to treat MS-related spasticity with rTMS, but underlines the need for further large randomized trials.

Abstract Aplastic anemia (AA), a rare disorder, is associated with bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). Presently, AA treatment is of great difficulty. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP) in AA. Busulfan was used to induce AA in BALB/c mice; blood cell count and Ray’s Giemsa staining were used to assess the severity of hematopoietic failure; HE was performed to assess the pathological state of the marrow cavity; ELISA was performed to assess IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, VEGF, and EPO; and WB was performed to evaluate the effects of RGP on the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling. Significant downregulation of hemocyte levels in the blood and nucleated cells in the bone marrow was reversed by RGP and Cyclosporine A (CA). Compared with the AA group, dilating blood sinusoids, inflammation, hematopoiesis, decreased bone marrow cells and megakaryocytes were alleviated by RGP and CA, and the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling was inhibited too. Notably, RGP was more effective when used in combination with CA. In this study, we established a relationship between BMM and the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway and found that RGP regulates BMM by suppressing the activation of the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling. Thus, RGP exerts a pharmacological effect on AA.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the risk factors for predicting atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) detected by cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Methods: A total of 140 patients with CIED in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2018 were included and were followed up to observe whether they had AHREs. AHRE are defined as atrial rate ≥ 175 times/minute, lasting > 5 minutes, and reviewed by an experienced electrophysiologist with unclear clinical diagnosis. The patients fasted for 12 hours after implantation, and blood samples were collected for biochemical, lipid, and whole blood count detection. Follow-up was regular after discharge to record follow-up data of each patient and conduct statistical analysis. Results: One hundred and forty patients were implanted with dual-chamber pacemakers, their median age was 70 years old, 44.29% were male, 27 patients had AHRE within one year, and AHRE incidence rate was 19.29%. The microcytic to hypochromic (M/H) ratio was calculated for all AHRE patients and compared with the patients without AHRE; the M/H value of AHRE patients was significantly higher. Throughout the entire follow-up period, a total of 44 patients developed AHRE; when adjusted by multivariate analysis, only M/H ratio ≥ 4.5 vs. < 4.5 had statistical significance, and the adjusted hazard ratio value was 4.313 (1.675-11.105). Conclusion: As an indicator, M/H ratio may play an important role in the occurrence and development of atrial fibrillation and can be used as a predictor of AHRE in patients with CIED.

Abstract Introduction: type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a complex disease affected by lifestyle and genetic factors. Although the drugs currently used to treat T2DM have certain curative effects, they still have some adverse side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to find new effective drugs with few side effects to cure T2DM. Objective: to study the role of Inonotus obliquus (IO) in diabetic model mice. Methods: we used high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozocin (STZ) to establish a diabetic mouse model. Mice were divided into non-high-fat diet group (ND), diabetes model group (HFD + STZ) and IO-treated diabetes model group (IO). The mice in the IO group were orally treated with IO (150 mg/kg) at 10 ml/kg for five weeks. Body weight, glucose level, food intake and water consumption, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were evaluated in all mice. The pathological sections of liver, kidney and pancreas were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: after IO administration, the blood glucose level, water consumption, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triacylglycerol (TG) levels of mice decreased. Compared with the HFD + STZ group, the number of normal islet iiiiiiii cells increased and focal necrosis of the liver was significantly reduced in the IO administration group. Conclusions: IO reduced the levels of blood glucose, restored body weight, and enhanced insulin sensitivity along with insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Additionally, IO also reversed HFD and STZ-induced organ injury.

Resumen Introducción: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM) es una enfermedad compleja influenciada por el estilo de vida y los factores genéticos. En la actualidad, aunque los medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2 tienen cierto efecto curativo, todavía tienen algunos efectos secundarios. Por lo tanto, es urgente encontrar nuevos medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2 que tengan un buen efecto curativo y menos efectos secundarios. Objetivo: estudiar el papel del Inonotus obliquus (IO) en ratones diabéticos. Métodos: se estableció un modelo de ratón diabético con dieta de alto contenido en grasas (HFD) y estreptozocina (STZ). Los ratones se dividieron en el grupo de dieta no alta en grasas (ND), el grupo modelo de diabetes mellitus (HFD + STZ) y el grupo modelo de diabetes mellitus tratado con IO. Los ratones del grupo IO recibieron 10 ml/kg de IO (150 mg/kg) durante cinco semanas. Se observaron el peso corporal, el nivel de azúcar en sangre, la ingesta de alimentos, la ingesta de agua potable, la tolerancia a la glucosa y la tolerancia a la insulina de los ratones de cada grupo, y se estudiaron muestras de biopsias hepáticas, renales y pancreáticas mediante tinción de hematoxilina eosina. Resultados: los niveles de glucosa en sangre, el consumo de agua, la lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL) y los triglicéridos (TG) disminuyeron después de la administración de IO. En comparación con el grupo HFD+STZ, el número de células β pancreáticas normales y la necrosis focal hepática disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo IO. Conclusiones: el IO redujo el nivel de glucosa en sangre, ayudó a recuperar el peso corporal y mejorar la sensibilidad a la insulina, la tolerancia a la insulina y la tolerancia a la glucosa en ratones diabéticos. Además, el IO revirtió el daño orgánico inducido por HFD y STZ.

RESUMO A perturbação da microbiota intestinal comensal está relacionada à dermatose inflamatória crônica. Analisamos a diversidade da microbiota intestinal para caracterizar a variação biológica da psoríase (Ps). Diferenças significativas do perfil microbiológico intestinal foram reveladas no modelo murino com psoríase pelo sequenciamento da região variável 16S rRNA V3-V4. As comparações de grupo incluíram o creme imiquimod (grupo IMQ, n=8), o creme imiquimod e antibióticos (ATB) (grupo PC+IMQ, n=8) e o controle saudável (grupo CTRL, n=8). A microbiota intestinal existia nos grupos Ps, incluindo o grupo IMQ e o grupo PC+IMQ englobava menos diversidade do que os controles, que foram atribuídos à diminuição da presença de vários taxa. Os dois grupos de Ps caracterizavam-se por uma redução significativa nos firicutes. Neste estudo, a microbiota da psoríase foi definida por um aumento da presença de bacteroides. Após o tratamento com ATB, encontramos um aumento substancial de Lactobacillales mas uma diminuição significativa de Clostridiales e Coriobacteriales. Uma menor abundância relativa de bactérias intestinais múltiplas foi observada nos grupos de Ps. Embora parte dos gêneros tenha sido concomitantemente reduzida tanto em condições IMQ como PC+IMQ, descobrimos que a especialidade das amostras do grupo PC+IMQ era que continham menor abundância de taxas benéficas. As características dos perfis de microbiota intestinal em ratos de Ps eram comparáveis aos perfis em pacientes com Ps, que estavam relacionados à alteração de proteínas inflamatórias específicas em grupos de doenças, mas eram significativamente diferentes do grupo controle. Assim, este estudo enfatiza o papel da microbiota intestinal na patogênese do Ps e fornece novos conhecimentos para investigar a associação entre micróbios intestinais e inflamação imunológica.

ABSTRACT Disturbance of commensal intestinal microbiota is related to chronic inflammatory dermatosis. We analyzed the diversity of the gut microbiota to characterize the biological variation of psoriasis (Ps). Significant differences of gut microbiome profiles were revealed in murine model with psoriasis by sequencing 16S rRNA V3-V4 variable region. Group comparisons included the imiquimod cream (IMQ group, n=8), the imiquimod cream and antibiotics (ATB) (PC+IMQ group, n=8) and the healthy control (CTRL group, n=8). The gut microbiota existed in Ps groups including IMQ group and PC+IMQ group encompassed less diversity than controls, which were attributed to decreased presence of several taxa. The two Ps groups were characterized by significant reduction in firmicutes. In this study, microbiota of psoriasis was defined by an increase presence of Bacteroides. After treated with ATB, we found substantial increase of Lactobacillales but significant decrease of Clostridiales and Coriobacteriales. Relative lower abundance of multiple intestinal bacteria was observed in Ps groups. Although part of genera were concomitantly reduced in both IMQ and PC+IMQ conditions, we discovered the specialty of PC+IMQ group samples was that contained lower abundance of beneficial taxa. Characteristics of gut microbiota profiles in Ps mice were comparable to profiles in patients with Ps, which were related to alteration of specific inflammatory proteins in disease groups but were significantly different from control group. Thus, this study emphasizes the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of Ps and provides new insight for investigating association between intestinal microbes and immune inflammation.

ABSTRACT Radio frequency (RF) drying is a rapid dehydration technique that reduces water activity and extends the shelf life of agricultural products. In this study, the drying characteristics of jujube during HARF and hot air (HA) were investigated, and quality analyses, such as color, vitamin C (VC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), of jujube were performed. The drying curves revealed that the drying time used to reduce the moisture content from 81.7 to 6.0% on a dry basis was 360 and 1320 min using HARF drying and hot air (HA) drying, respectively. The logarithmic model was the best to describe the HARF drying process with R 2, RMSE and SSE values of 0.998, 0.00508 and 0.000306, respectively. Quality analysis demonstrated significant differences in color, VC content and total flavonoid content between the HARF and HA treatments during the drying process and storage periods (P > 0.5), and the HARF-dried jujube product performed much better than that dried by HA. Compared with HA drying, HARF drying showed a shorter drying time, higher drying efficiency and better product quality, indicating that HARF drying was a more promising drying method for jujube with acceptable product quality.

Abstract We aimed to evaluate the effect of red meat diet on gut microbiota in mice. Balb/c mice at weaning were randomized into control group and red meat groups with different proportions (25%, 50%, and 75%). Mice were fed with a standard pellet diet as control group, while those were fed with different proportions of red meat diet as red meat groups. After 8 weeks, they were sacrificed and their intestinal contents were obtained for 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Our results showed that there were significant-structural differences among the four groups. The top-two most abundant phylum were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. In the red meat groups, the abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased, but the abundance of Firmicutes was decreased. At the family level, Bacteroidaceae and Family XIII were significantly higher in the high-dose group than those in the control group. There were also significant differences in abundance of many genera. In conclusion, different proportions of red meat diet may lead to changes in gut microbial flora in mice. These changes may be pathological and may be related to the frequent occurrence of many diseases.

Abstract In this study, the total triterpenoids of raspberry fruit (TTRF) were prepared, and their effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells were investigated. SMMC-7721 cells were treated with TTRF with concentration of 0 (control), 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/mL, respectively. The cell proliferation, cycle and apoptosis were detected. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X (Bax) in cells were determined. Results showed that, TTRF could obviously inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells, arrest most cells in S and G2/M phases, and promote their apoptosis. In addition, TTRF could increase the ROS level, down-regulate the Bcl-2 protein expression and up-regulate the Bax protein expression in cells. In conclusion, cucurbitacin I has inhibitory effect on growth of SMMC-7721cells. The action mechanism may be related to its increasing ROS level and regulating of Bcl-2 and Bax expression in cells.