ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of calcium silicate to mitigate the effects of water deficiency in maize plants yield. A completely randomized factorial design, consisting of five combinations of calcium silicate (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) and five different soil moisture levels (30, 70, 100, 130, and 160%), was adopted. The following parameters were evaluated: soil matric potential, xylem water potential, silicon concentration, leaf dry weight, and dry mass production. Matric potential monitoring confirmed that the irrigation depths employed resulted in different environments for maize plant development during the experiment. Confirming the hypothesis of the study, at the lower irrigation depths, the maize production has accompanied the increase in calcium silicate used as corrective up to the proportion of 50%. These results indicate that silicon mitigated the impact of water deficiency in maize plants and increased the xylem water potential.

O potássio participa dos processos essenciais na fisiologia da planta; contudo, os efeitos de fontes potássicas no metabolismo das plantas têm sido pouco estudados. Além disso, diferentes fontes e concentrações de K podem levar a efeitos indesejados como a salinização do solo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de fontes e doses de K sobre a atividade de enzimas do sistema antioxidante e o teor de proteínas em folhas de berinjela, bem como qual das fontes de K pode ser mais adequada em razão dessas características fisiológicas (Solanum melongena L.). O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados e esquema fatorial 2 × 4, sendo os fatores duas fontes (KCl e K2SO4) e doses de K (250, 500, 750 e 1000 kg ha-1 de K2O), com quatro repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura das plantas, número de folhas por planta, atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e teor foliar de proteína. Observou-se aumento na atividade da CAT com a elevação das doses de K até os 30 dias após o transplante (DAT) para K2SO4 e até 60 DAT para KCl; após esse período a atividade da enzima reduziu em ambas as fontes. A atividade da SOD aumentou na presença do KCl, mas reduziu com a aplicação do K2SO4. Para ambas as fontes de K, o aumento das doses promoveu redução no teor de proteínas e no número de folhas das plantas, sendo essa redução maior com a utilização do KCl. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que o KCl apresentou maior poder de salinização do solo em comparação ao K2SO4. Tanto para KCl quanto para K2SO4, a elevação das doses influenciou negativamente as atividades da CAT e SOD e os teores de proteína foliares em berinjela. O KCl apresentou maior potencial de redução das atividades das enzimas SOD e CAT dos teores foliares de proteínas e do desenvolvimento das plantas de berinjela.

Potassium participates in the essential processes in plant physiology, however, the effects of K sources on plant metabolism have been little studied. Also, in certain cases, K sources and concentrations may cause undesirable effects, e.g., soil salinization. The objective was to evaluate the effect of K sources and levels on the enzyme activity of the antioxidant system and protein content in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) leaves and to determine the most suitable K sources for these physiological characteristics. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 4 factorial design, consisting of two K sources (KCl and K2SO4) and rates (250, 500, 750, and 1000 kg ha-1 K2O), with four replications. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves per plant, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and leaf protein content. There was an increase in CAT activity with increasing K levels until 30 days after transplanting (DAT), when K2SO4 was applied and until 60 DAT, when KCl was used; after this period, the enzyme activity decreased under both sources. The activity of SOD increased in the presence of KCl, but was reduced with the application of K2SO4. For both K sources, increasing rates reduced the protein content and number of leaves per plant, and this reduction was greater under KCl application. Thus it was concluded that KCl tends more strongly to salinize the soil than K2SO4. Both for KCl and for K2SO4, the increasing rates adversely affected the activities of CAT and SOD and the levels of leaf protein in eggplant. The potential of KCl to reduce the enzyme activity of SOD and CAT, leaf protein content and plant growth of eggplant was stronger than that of K2SO4.